SR 06-13-2023 12A
City Council
Report
City Council Meeting: June 13, 2023
Agenda Item: 12.A
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To: Mayor and City Council
From: Rick Valte, Public Works Director, Public Works, Water Resources
Subject: Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for the 2023 Annual Water
Shortage Assessment Report
Recommended Action
Staff recommends that the City Council:
1. Adopt a finding of Categorical Exemption pursuant to Section 15307 and Section
15308 of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines.
2. Hold a public hearing and receive public comment for the 2023 Annual Water
Shortage Assessment Report for the Public Works Department, Water
Resources Division.
3. Approve the attached resolution adopting the 2023 Annual Water Shortage
Assessment Report.
Summary
To ensure the availability of water during extreme climate events, such as severe
drought, the California Water Code (CWC) requires all urban water suppliers to conduct
an annual water supply and demand assessment. The City’s Public Works Department -
Water Resources Division completed the assessment for the projected 2023 fiscal year
(July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024), as defined by the California Department of Water
Resources. Details of the annual assessment are included in the attached 2023 Annual
Water Shortage Assessment Report. The annual assessment analyzes current water
supply and demand conditions to project water supply reliability over the next year (July
1, 2023 through June 30, 2024), identify potential water supply shortages and, if
necessary, implement water shortage response actions to mitigate potential water
supply shortage conditions. In order to adapt to environmental impacts induced by
climate change on the City’s water supply, the City continues to invest in diversifying its
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water supply, enhancing drought resiliency, and investing in water conservation
measures to permanently reduce water demand. Based on the findings from the annual
assessment, staff recommends continuing to require 20% reduction in water use
compared to each customer’s 2013 baseline (Stage 2 Water Shortage Level), per the
City’s 2020 Water Shortage Contingency Plan adopted by City Council in June 2021.
Although recent historic rainfall has alleviated drought conditions across the state, the
City needs to use water efficiently and continue to conserve water where possible to
adapt to climate change impacts on our water supply. Maintaining a Stage 2 Water
Shortage is critical to meet the City’s goal to reduce its reliance on imported water
supplies, comply with state regulations to reduce per capita water use, and help
preserve this precious resource. The City has remained in the Stage 2 Water Shortage
Level since the 2014 drought and continues to maintain a 20% reduction in water
demand from the baseline year of 2013.
Discussion
In 2018, the California Legislature enacted into law new requirements for urban water
suppliers to increase drought resilience and to improve communication of water
shortage response actions. Each urban water supplier is required to prepare an Annual
Water Supply and Demand Assessment (Annual Assessment) and submit an Annual
Water Shortage Assessment Report (Annual Shortage Report) to the California
Department of Water Resources (DWR) on or before July 1, 2022, and every year
thereafter. The annual assessment must be conducted according to a written decision-
making process determined by individual water suppliers. The City’s written decision-
making process is outlined in the City’s 2020 Water Shortage Contingency Plan, which
was adopted by City Council on June 8, 2021, as part of the City’s 2020 Urban Water
Management Plan.
The assessment required the analysis of current year and projected year water supply
and demand. The City currently obtains its potable water supply from a combination of
treated local groundwater and imported water from the Metropolitan Water District of
Southern California (MWD), which is purchased to supplement local water supplies. The
CWC requires water utilities to assess available water supplies under a representative
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single dry year. Per the 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, local groundwater supply
available during a single, worst-case dry year is approximately 6,755 acre-feet per year
(AFY). Relative to previous years, the local groundwater supply in 2022 (4,082 AFY)
was significantly lower than the past due to: 1) Santa Monica Well 4, the highest
producing groundwater well in the Olympic Well Field, was taken offline due to
operational issues; and, 2) the Arcadia Water Treatment Plant (WTP) was offline for
extended periods for construction of the Arcadia WTP production efficiency
enhancement and expansion. Construction is occurring at the City’s Arcadia WTP
through the end of 2023, and local groundwater supply is expected to decrease by
approximately 552 AFY for the projected year due to construction activities. The
projected year local groundwater supply of 6,203 AFY is calculated by subtracting 552
AFY from the single, dry year supply of 6,755 AFY identified in the 2020 Urban Water
Management Plan. For imported water supplies, the assessment assumes only MWD’s
Tier 1 water supply allotment of 7,406 AFY is available. The total available supply for
the projected 2023 year is therefore 13,609 AF (6,203 AFY local supply + 7,406 AFY
MWD Tier 1 allotment).
To project water demand, staff tabulated unconstrained water demand (or estimated
water demand without any water conservation efforts) for 2022 across the City’s primary
customer categories and projected unconstrained demand for a conservative (dry year)
2023-year scenario per CWC requirements. Basis for water demand projection for each
customer category are listed below.
• Single family, multi-family, and landscape customer’s water demand is projected
to increase slightly as a conservative estimate for a potential dry year. The
average of 2021 and 2022 water usage - both hot, dry years - was used to
project the water demand for these three categories.
• The projected water demand for industrial/commercial and institutional customers
also indicates an increase from 2022 water usage, due to economic recovery
effort from the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Fire demand and water loss are projected to be the same as the historical
average. Fire demand is projected at 3 AF, which is less than the current year
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unconstrained fire service use of 33 AF, which was higher than historical average
due to flushing and testing efforts to update the City’s hydraulic model.
Unconstrained water demand for the current and projected year is summarized in Table
1. Unconstrained demand is defined by the CWC as water demand absent any water
supply and demand restrictions (e.g., water conservation programs).
Table 1: Current Year and Projected Year Unconstrained Water Demands
Current Year
Unconstrained January -
December 2022 (AF)
Projected Year
Unconstrained July 2023
- June 2024 (AF)
Single Family Residential 3,221 3,389
Multi-Family Residential 5,766 5,854
Industrial/ Commercial 3,073 3,358
Institutional 361 404
Landscape Irrigation 586 654
Fire Service 33 3
Water Loss - -
Demand 13,040 13,662
The results of the annual water supply and demand assessment show that without
water shortage response actions (e.g., 20% water conservation target), a 0.4% water
supply shortage is projected for the next year. A 0.4% shortage equates to the State’s
Standard Shortage Level 1 (≤10% shortage). The shortage is due to the difference in
projected unconstrained demand and water supply is summarized in Table 2.
Table 2: Assessment Results without Water Shortage Response Actions for Projected
2023 Year
Total (AF)
Anticipated Unconstrained Demand (without Stage 2 Water
Shortage conservation efforts)
13,662
Anticipated Total Water Supply 13,609
Surplus/Shortage without Water Shortage Response Actions1 -53
% Surplus/Shortage without Water Shortage Response Actions1 - 0.4%
State Standard Shortage Level 1
1 Shortage is indicated by a negative number/percentage; surplus is indicated by a
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positive number/percentage.
Although the assessment results indicate a State Standard Shortage Level 1, the City
recommends staying in Stage 2 (e.g., 20% water conservation target) for the following
reasons:
• Staying in Stage 2 helps the City achieve its long-term water goals to reduce its
reliance on imported water supplies and increase local control of water
production costs.
• On the state level, the Water Conservation Act of 2009 (Senate Bill X7-7)
requires water suppliers in California to increase their water use efficiency, and
CA Executive Order B-37-16: Making Water Conservation a California Way of
Life focuses on water conservation to permanently reduce per capita water use.
• If the Stage 2 Shortage was lifted, water demand would increase and result in
increased purchase of imported water, which could impact water rates and
potentially lead to a heavier burden on the City’s rate payers.
The City has remained in a Stage 2 Water Shortage Level since 2014 and has
consistently maintained 20% reductions in water demand from 2013 water usage levels.
The City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan utilizes the same shortage levels as the
State and includes water shortage response actions for a Stage 2 shortage. These
actions include water use allowance on bills, restriction/enforcement on irrigation runoff
or water waste, water use efficiency public outreach through social media and other
media outlets, water conservation rebates such as turf replacement, and water use
efficiency consultations. The goal of these actions is to reduce water demand by 20%
from the 2013 baseline year. Revised results of the assessment with the water shortage
response actions incorporated for an estimated 20% reduction in water demand (i.e.,
“constrained” demand) are tabulated in Table 3.
Table 3: Assessment Results with Stage 2 Water Shortage Response Actions for
Projected 2023 Year
Total (AF)
Anticipated Constrained Demand 10,928
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(or projected actual water consumption)
Anticipated Total Water Supply Available 13,609
Revised Surplus with Water Shortage Response Actions 2,681
Revised % Surplus with Water Shortage Response Actions 20%
Environmental Review
The City’s annual water shortage assessment and maintenance of Stage 2 water
shortage restrictions are categorically exempt from CEQA pursuant to Section 15307
(Class 7) and 15308 (Class 8) of the CEQA Guidelines. Section 15307 and 15308
exempts a class of projects consisting of actions taken by regulatory agencies as
authorized by state law or local ordinance to assure the maintenance, restoration, or
enhancement of a natural resource and the environment where the regulatory process
involves procedures for protection of the environment. The intent of the Annual Water
Shortage Assessment is to assess available water supplies against demands in an
effort to protect the environment. Additionally, the recommended water shortage
response actions are intended to protect water resources and prevent harm to the
natural environment. Therefore, these actions are exempt from CEQA pursuant to
Section 15307 and Section 15308.
Commission Action and Public Outreach
The annual water supply and demand assessment written decision-making procedures
include a presentation of the annual assessment to the Commission on Sustainability,
Environmental Justice, and the Environment. On March 20, 2023, and April 17, 2023,
Staff presented the annual water supply and demand assessment findings to the
Commission on Sustainability, Environmental Justice, and the Environment, and the
Commission approved a motion in support of adopting the annual water supply and
demand assessment findings and for the City to remain in a Stage 2 Water Shortage.
Public participation is required as part of the annual water supply and demand
assessment procedures which include a public hearing and comment period. Public
notification regarding a public hearing was posted in the Santa Monica Daily Press the
week of May 30th and June 6th.
Past Council Actions
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Meeting Date
6/8/2021 (Attachment A) Public Hearing and Adoption of the City of Santa
Monica’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan and
Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Financial Impacts and Budget Actions
There is no immediate financial impact or budget action necessary as a result of the
recommended action.
Prepared By: Sunny Wang, Water Resources Manager
Approved
Forwarded to Council
Attachments:
A. June 8, 2021 Staff Report (Web Link)
B. Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report_053023
C. Resolution
D. Written Comments
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Packet Pg. 523 Attachment: Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report_053023 [Revision 1] (5638 : Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ii
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 California Water Code Requirements ......................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Water System Overview ................................................................................................................... 1-2
2 ANNUAL WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT ............................................ 2-1
2.1 Decision-making process ................................................................................................................. 2-1
2.2 Key Data Inputs ................................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.2.1 Water Demand...................................................................................................... 2-3
2.2.2 Water Supply ...................................................................................................... 2-10
3 Supply and Demand Assessment Results and Recommendations....................... 3-1
3.1 Recommended Water Shortage Response Stage .................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Ongoing Reassessments ................................................................................................................... 3-6
Figures
Figure 1. Potable Water System Overview .............................................................................................. 1-3
Figure 2. Components of the 2018 Sustainable Water Master Plan ............................................. 1-5
Tables
Table 2-1. Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Process ............................................. 2-2
Table 2-2. Constrained Water Demand by Sector in Acre-Feet (2018-2022) ........................... 2-3
Table 2-3. Current Year and Projected Year Demands (Non-Potable) ......................................... 2-8
Table 2-4. Current Year and Projected Year Demands (Potable) ................................................... 2-9
Table 2-5. Current Year and Projected Year Potable Supply ........................................................ 2-13
Table 2-6. Current Year and Projected Year Non-Potable Supply .............................................. 2-14
Table 3-1. Assessment Results without Water Shortage Response Actions .............................. 3-1
Table 3-2. Water Shortage Stages and Reduction Targets ................................................................ 3-2
Table 3-3. Summary of Water Shortage Stages and Conditions ..................................................... 3-2
Table 3-4. Summary of Stage 1 and Stage 2 Water Shortage Response Actions ...................... 3-3
Table 3-5. Assessment Results with Stage 2 Water Shortage Response Actions ..................... 3-5
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List of Acronyms Page iii
List of Acronyms
AF Acre-Feet
AFY Acre-Feet Per Year
AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure
AWSDA Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment
BMP Best Management Practice
CWC California Water Code
DRINC Drinking Water Information Clearinghouse
DWR Department of Water Resources
GAC Granular Activated Carbon
GSP Groundwater Sustainability Plan
MCL Maximum Contaminant Level
MG Million Gallons
MGD Million Gallons Per Day
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MTBE Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether
MWD Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
ND Non Detect
NOV Notice of Violation
PFAS Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act of 2014
SMB Santa Monica Basin
SMBGSA Santa Groundwater Basin Groundwater Sustainability Agency
SMURRF Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility
SWIP Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project
SWMP Sustainable Water Management Plan
SWRCB State Water Resources Control Board
RO Reverse Osmosis
TBA Tert-Butyl Alcohol
WCU Water Conservation Unit
WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan
WSIP Water Savings Incentive Program
WRD Water Resources Division
WTP Water Treatment Plant
WUA Water Use Allowance
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Packet Pg. 525 Attachment: Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report_053023 [Revision 1] (5638 : Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for
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INTRODUCTION 1-1
1 INTRODUCTION
This report summarizes findings from the City of Santa Monica (City) 2023 Annual Water
Supply and Demand Assessment (AWSDA). The AWSDA is required by the California Water
Code (§10632.1) to analyze current water supply and demand conditions as well as project
water supply reliability each year. In doing so, AWSDA’s serve as a tool to help identify
potential water supply shortages and to implement water shortage response actions to
mitigate possible supply gaps.
Beginning in 2022, the California Water Code (§10632.1) required urban water suppliers to
conduct an AWSDA and submit an annual water shortage assessment report to the
California Department of Water Resources (DWR) on or before July 1 of each year. The
annual water shortage assessment report evaluates water supply reliability over the
following year and provides an explanation of the process, data, and results of the
assessment.
1.1 CALIFORNIA WATER CODE REQUIREMENTS
The City’s 2023 AWSDA was performed in compliance with California Water Code (CWC)
requirements. Guidelines for the AWSDA can be found in CWC Section 10632 and a brief
summary is provided below.
CWC §10632.1 An urban water supplier shall conduct an annual water supply and demand
assessment pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and, on or before July 1 of each
year, submit an annual water shortage assessment report to the department with
information for anticipated shortage, triggered shortage response actions, compliance and
enforcement actions, and communication actions consistent with the supplier’s water
shortage contingency plan. An urban water supplier that relies on imported water from the
State Water Project or the Bureau of Reclamation shall submit its annual water supply and
demand assessment within 14 days of receiving its final allocations, or by July 1 of each
year, whichever is later.
CWC §10632(a)(2) The procedures used in conducting an annual water supply and
demand assessment that include, at a minimum, both of the following:
(A) The written decision-making process that an urban water supplier will use each year to
determine its water supply reliability.
(B) The key data inputs and assessment methodology used to evaluate the urban water
supplier’s water supply reliability for the current year and one dry year, including all of the
following:
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(i) Current year unconstrained demand, considering weather, growth, and other
influencing factors, such as policies to manage current supplies to meet demand
objectives in future years, as applicable.
(ii) Current year available supply, considering hydrological and regulatory
conditions in the current year and one dry year. The annual supply and demand
assessment may consider more than one dry year solely at the discretion of the
urban water supplier.
(iii) Existing infrastructure capabilities and plausible constraints.
(iv) A defined set of locally applicable evaluation criteria that are consistently relied
upon for each annual water supply and demand assessment.
(v) A description and quantification of each source of water supply.
The written decision-making process used to determine water supply reliability and key
data inputs and assessment methodology used for the 2023 AWSDA are detailed in Section
2 of this report, Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment.
1.2 WATER SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The City’s current domestic water supply consists of local groundwater and purchased
imported water (either from the State Water Project or the Colorado River) from the
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD). The City extracts local
groundwater from ten active groundwater wells located in the Santa Monica Groundwater
Basin (SMB). Five of these wells are located in the Charnock subbasin, two are located in
the Olympic subbasin, and three are located in the Arcadia subbasin. Three of the five wells
located in the Charnock subbasin are pretreated at the Charnock Water Treatment Plant
(Charnock WTP) to remove volatile organic carbon (VOC) compounds from historical
industrial pollution and then blended with the two other Charnock wells prior to being
pumped to the Arcadia Water Treatment Plant (Arcadia WTP) for further treatment.
Groundwater pumped from the Olympic and Arcadia subbasins are also treated at the
Arcadia WTP. The Arcadia WTP provides multi-barrier treatment to all of the City’s
groundwater wells to reduce hardness in the groundwater and meet all federal and state
drinking water regulations. Only one groundwater well, SM-1, located in the Arcadia
subbasin is distributed, after disinfection at the well head, directly into the water
distribution system as it does not require any additional treatment to meet federal and
state drinking water regulations. Final treated water from the Arcadia WTP is sent to the 5-
million-gallon (MG) Arcadia Reservoir and distributed for potable water use throughout
the City. In addition to the Arcadia Reservoir, the City also owns and operates three
additional water storage reservoirs representing a total storage capacity of 40 MG: Riviera
Reservoir, Mt. Olivette Reservoir, and San Vincente Reservoir.
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INTRODUCTION 1-3
The City supplements its local groundwater supply with imported water purchased from
MWD. The City, along with 12 other local governments, formed the MWD in 1928. MWD
was originally created to build the Colorado River Aqueduct to supplement the water
supplies of the original founding members in Southern California. Water was first
delivered to the City in 1941 via the Colorado River Aqueduct. In 1972, MWD augmented its
supply sources to include deliveries from the State Water Project via the California
Aqueduct. Today, MWD serves more than 145 cities and 94 unincorporated communities
across Southern California.
An overview of the existing domestic potable water system is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Potable Water System Overview
The City also has a dedicated recycled water system that provides service to 30 metered
locations currently. The primary use of recycled water is for landscape irrigation but is also
used for street sweeping, sewer jetting, and for lavatories at two facilities. Recycled water
is distributed from the Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility (SMURRF), which
captures and treats urban runoff from the storm drain system. Prior to SMURRF
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operations, the runoff discharged to Santa Monica Bay and adversely impacted water
quality.
In November 2018, City Council adopted an updated Sustainable Water Master Plan
(SWMP). The intent of the 2018 SWMP update was to refine the pathway for the City to
reduce its reliance on imported water. The refined pathway also considered impacts of on-
going drought conditions as well as new regulations that required additional treatment for
restoring local groundwater supplies. The 2018 SWMP builds on the City’s previous
successes by continuing to develop projects and programs at the local level to enhance the
reliability and resiliency of the City’s water supply. The 2018 SWMP consisted of three key
components and a brief summary on progress is listed below.
· Component 1 – Increasing water conservation efforts to permanently reduce
water demand. The City is currently developing its first Water Conservation Master
Plan that will be completed in 2023, aimed to increase water conservation efforts to
permanently reduce water demand.
· Component 2 – Developing sustainable and drought resilient alternative water
supplies. A ribbon cutting ceremony was held for the City’s Sustainable Water
Infrastructure Project (SWIP) in November 2022. The SWIP leverages stormwater,
dry weather urban runoff, brackish groundwater, and municipal wastewater to
provide up to 1,650 acre-feet per year of sustainable, drought resilient water supply
to the City’s water supply portfolio. The City is also making progress on enhancing
the production efficiency at the Arcadia WTP through concentrate recovery by
implementing the first municipal installation of Flow Reversal Reverse Osmosis that
would provide an additional 1,200 acre-feet per year of drinking water for the City
and set to be completed by the end of 2023.
· Component 3 – Expanding local groundwater production within sustainable
yield limits. To maximize local groundwater supplies, the City is constructing a
new well head treatment facility to remove industrial contaminants in the Olympic
Well Field and restore it to full production capacity. The new Olympic Advanced
Water Treatment Facility is scheduled for completion by the end of 2023.
When fully implemented, the projects outlined in the 2018 SWMP will provide a diversified,
drought-resilient water supply portfolio that leverages all available water resources to the
City. The key components of the SWMP are listed on the following page and shown in
Figure 2.
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Packet Pg. 529 Attachment: Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report_053023 [Revision 1] (5638 : Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for
City of Santa Monica Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report INTRODUCTION 1-5 Figure 2. Components of the 2018 Sustainable Water Master Plan 12.A.bPacket Pg. 530Attachment: Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report_053023 [Revision 1] (5638 : Public
City of Santa Monica Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report
ANNUAL WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT 2-1
2 ANNUAL WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT
AWSDAs analyze current water demand and supply conditions and project water supply
reliability over the next year. To analyze current water demand and supply, City staff
compiled water use and water supply data over the previous calendar year (i.e., January 1,
2022 to December 31, 2022) to project the current year’s trends for water demand and
supply. This information, in combination with other considerations such as anticipated
growth, weather patterns, State and local regulations and policies, and other plausible
factors, were then used to project demand and supply over the next year. Because annual
water shortage assessment reports are due by July 1st of each year, the projected water
demand and supply is for the period from July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024. Although
California experienced one of the wettest winters on record, the CWC requires the
projected assessment period to be a dry year. The following sections detail the decision-
making process and data inputs used for the AWSDA and water shortage assessment
report.
2.1 DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
CWC §10632 requires AWSDAs to be conducted according to a written decision-making
process. The City’s written decision-making process is outlined in the City’s Water Shortage
Contingency Plan (WSCP), which serves as the City’s action plan during an actual or
predicted drought or a catastrophic water supply shortage. The process includes:
· Presenting the findings to the City’s Commission on Sustainability, Environmental
Justice, and the Environment (formerly the Task Force on the Environment)
· Public notification regarding the proposed water supply shortage stage, water
shortage response actions, and upcoming City Council meeting for the Public
Hearing; and
· Formal adoption of the annual water shortage assessment report findings and
proposed water supply shortage stage by City Council.
A timeline for the decision-making process is provided in Table 2-1.
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ANNUAL WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT 2-2
Table 2-1. Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Process
Month Activity
January City of Santa Monica Water Resources Division’s (WRD)
commences the annual water supply and demand assessment
February
WRD presents annual assessment findings and proposed water
supply shortage stage to the Commission on Sustainability,
Environmental Justice, and the Environment
March
WRD prepares an annual water shortage assessment report and
proposed water supply shortage stage, if any, to the Public Works
Department Head for approval
April
Public notification regarding proposed water supply shortage stage,
water shortage response actions, and upcoming City Council
meeting
May/June
WRD presents annual water shortage assessment report findings
and proposed water supply shortage stage to City Council for formal
adoption by resolution
On or before
July 1st
WRD submits a final water shortage assessment report to the State
of California Department of Water Resources (DWR)
2.2 KEY DATA INPUTS
CWC §10632 requires the following data inputs and assessment methodology to be used to
evaluate the urban water supplier’s water supply reliability for the current year and one
dry year:
· Current year unconstrained demand, considering weather, growth, and other
influencing factors, such as policies to manage current supplies to meet demand
objectives in future years, as applicable. Unconstrained demand is defined by the
CWC as “water demand absent any water supply and demand restrictions”.
· Current year available supply, considering hydrological and regulatory conditions in
the current year and one dry year. The annual supply and demand assessment may
consider more than one dry year solely at the discretion of the urban water supplier.
· Existing infrastructure capabilities and plausible constraints (e.g., shutdown of the
City’s water treatment plant for extended durations or unforeseen extended outages
of the City’s groundwater production wells).
· A defined set of locally applicable evaluation criteria that are consistently relied
upon for each annual water supply and demand assessment.
· A description and quantification of each source of water supply.
The following sections describe these inputs in detail.
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Packet Pg. 532 Attachment: Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report_053023 [Revision 1] (5638 : Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for
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ANNUAL WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT 2-3
2.2.1 Water Demand
Water usage for the City is tracked by six customer categories: Single-Family Residential,
Multi-Family Residential, Commercial/Industrial, Institutional, Landscape, and Fire Service.
Predominate water use in the City is by residential users, which account for more than two-
thirds of the City’s total water consumption. Within the residential users, total water usage
in the multi-family residential category (roughly 44% of total) is significantly higher than
the total water usage of single family residential (roughly 25% total).
Commercial/industrial water consumption is approximately 25% of the total water usage
within the City. The other three sectors (institutional, landscape, and fire service)
combined account for approximately 6-7% of total water use in the City. Table 2-2
summarizes the constrained water demand in the City over the last five years in acre-feet
(AF). An acre-foot is defined as the volume of water that would cover one acre of land to a
depth of one foot. Constrained demand is calculated by subtracting the water demand
reduction (e.g., the City’s water conservation program) from the unconstrained demand.
The City’s water conservation efforts to date equates to approximately 20% of the
unconstrained water demand.
Table 2-2. Constrained Water Demand by Sector in Acre-Feet (2018-2022)
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Single Family
Residential 2,773 2,556 2,756 2,845 2,577
Multi-Family
Residential 4,917 4,752 4,944 4,752 4,613
Industrial/
Commercial 3,028 2,914 2,100 2,131 2,458
Institutional 474 356 273 267 289
Landscape
Irrigation 456 450 438 576 469
Fire Service 3 3 2 3 3
Water Loss - - 66 - -1
Constrained
Demand2 11,651 11,030 10,580 10,641 10,432
1Water Loss Audit has yet to be completed for 2022.
2Demand summarized in this table are actual water demand (or constrained water demand as defined by
DWR), which includes water demand reduction from water conservation efforts.
Compared to 2021, single family and multi-family residential water usage in 2022
decreased by 268 AF and 139 AF, respectively. The industrial/commercial sector saw an
increase in usage of 327 AF, which can be attributed to businesses recovering after COVID-
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19. Institutional usage also increased by 22 AF in 2022. Landscape usage decreased by 107
AF, while fire usage increased by 23 AF. Water conservation efforts by the community are a
likely contributor to the decrease in water usage by residential and landscape users.
The water demand summarized in Table 2-2 also considered water loss in the water
distribution system. Distribution system water loss, defined as the difference between
water supplied to the system less authorized consumption, has declined linearly during
this entire reporting period. The City meets the Water Loss Audit Standard through its
participation in annual water audits. The audits are validated by an independent third-
party according to American Water Works Association standards. In 2015, the total water
loss was approximately 3.8%, and in 2016, it was 1.6%. However, subsequent years (2018,
2019, 2021, and 2022) yielded water consumption exceeding water supplied, and therefore
it is assumed that water loss was 0% in 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022.
The discrepancy for water consumption exceeding water supplied has been attributed to
several factors. First, there is a timing issue with the manual meter reading where the City
maintains a 60-day billing cycle so there is a lag in consumption data relative to source
water entering the system. Second, the metering of the source water entering the City’s
distribution system are in multiple locations. The City’s potable water supply has four
sources entering the system: imported water from two MWD feeder services (SMN-01 and
SMN-02) and local treated groundwater from Santa Monica Well 1 and the Arcadia WTP.
MWD’s two feeder service lines both have meters and are maintained by MWD. Santa
Monica Well 1 has a dedicated magnetic flowmeter. The Arcadia WTP does not have a
single flowmeter for the potable water produced. Rather, treated water flow from the
Arcadia WTP is calculated using a composite of multiple internal flowmeters at the Arcadia
WTP. These internal flows originate from internal bypass flows and reverse osmosis
product flows, with each meter subject to its own margin of error. It is likely that the
discrepancies in reporting are due to compounded inaccuracies from the various flow
meters when tabulated.
The City is in the process of installing a single potable water flow meter at the Arcadia
WTP, at the inlet of the Arcadia Reservoir, and upgrading water meters on the customer’s
end with Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) throughout the distribution system. The
new meter at the Arcadia WTP will allow for more accurate flow accounting while the AMI
smart meters provide for real-time water demand monitoring in the distribution system as
opposed to the current 60-day meter reading cycle.
2.2.1.1 Water Conservation
The City has a long history of promoting water conservation. In 2002, the City initiated its
Water Efficiency Strategic Plan and in 2004 began implementing various conservation
programs including the No Water Waste and Green Building Ordinances. On August 12,
2014, City Council adopted a resolution declaring a Stage 2 Water Supply Shortage thereby
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requiring mandatory water conservation to achieve a 20% reduction in water use
compared to 2013. Subsequently, on October 28, 2014, City Council also authorized the
significant expansion of staffing and funding to augment the City’s water conservation
efforts to address the state-wide drought and help the City reduce its reliance on imported
water supplies. The City has remained in a Stage 2 Water Shortage since 2014, which has
contributed to a water demand reduction of approximately 20% or approximately 2,500
acre-feet per year (AFY). More recently, the City implemented outdoor watering
restrictions, limiting outdoor watering to two days per week, on July 2022 in response to
severe drought conditions across the State of California.
Water Demand Management is achieved through implementation of various water
conservation and efficiency programs designed to permanently reduce residential and
commercial potable water use. Continuation of existing and implementation of proposed
conservation measures are essential for the City to reduce overall use in the face of
increased demand pressures from new housing and from the commercial and institutional
sectors of the local economy. Below is a list of some of the key conservation measures
currently being implemented:
· Water Neutrality Ordinance (SMMC 7.16.050): On July 1, 2017, the City’s Water
Neutrality Ordinance went into effect, which caps water use for new developments
to the average five-year historical water use for that individual parcel. If the
projected annual water use for the development is greater than existing parcel’s
annual average over the past five years, the increased amount must be offset by
funding water-efficient retrofits of existing buildings elsewhere in the City. Offset
retrofits currently include low-flow indoor fixtures (toilets, urinals, showerheads,
and aerators). The ordinance applies to pools, ponds, spas, and other water features
as well. This ordinance was developed and is implemented by Water Conservation
Unit (WCU) staff. Implementation includes performing over 500 development
project plan checks each year along with determining fees and managing a full-scale
Water Neutrality Direct Install program.
· Recycled Water Ordinance (SMMC 7.12.170): On January 1, 2023, the City’s
recycled water ordinance went into effect which requires all new development
within the recycled water service area and with a total floor area of 7,500 square
feet or more to utilize 100% recycled water for surface irrigation and/or dual-
plumbing applications, as applicable, serving all non-potable water demands within
the development. This includes applications using potable water that can be
replaced with recycled water like landscaping, water features, toilet flushing, and
cooling towers.
· Water Use Allowances (WUAs): The WUA is a component of the WSCP and is the
mechanism to implement the mandatory reduction required by a Water Supply
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Shortage. WUAs represent the amount of water that can be used by a water
customer without risk of receiving an exceedance citation (see below). The WUA for
the current Stage 2 Water Supply Shortage is 20% below the amount of water used
in 2013. Every water customer in the City receives a WUA uniquely calculated for
each billing period.
· Water Use Allowance Exceedance Citations: A water customer can receive an
administrative citation for exceeding their WUA for any given billing period. Citation
fees are $250 for the first exceedance, $500 for the second exceedance (within 12
months of the first) and $1,000 for the third exceedance (within 12 months of the
second). Since 2015, over 1,300 WUA Exceedance Citations have been issued.
· Water Use Consultations: WCU staff make onsite visits to customers to validate
water meter readings and comprehensively audit indoor water use (measuring flush
and flow fixtures, appliances, checking for leaks, behaviors) and outdoor water use
(irrigation system, checking for leaks, behaviors). Recommendations for saving
water are documented and sent to the customer. Consultations have resulted in the
discovery and repair of major leaks, adjustment of irrigation system timers,
installation of low-flow devices (aerators and showerheads [free]), toilets and
urinals (rebates), and water-use behavior changes. This program is free of charge
for any Santa Monica water customer. Since 2015, over 700 consultations have been
provided to City customers.
· Landscape Rebate Program: The City’s most successful rebate program provides
rebates for customers that replace their turf grass and overhead spray irrigation
with sustainable, drought tolerant, and low-water using landscapes with no or drip
irrigation only. Santa Monica’s unique landscape rebate requirements establish
effective water conservation, provide successful and maintainable projects, and
ensure an aesthetically pleasing landscape. Since 2015, over 750 rebate projects
have been completed removing over 1.1 million square feet of turf at a program cost
of $2.5 million.
· Landscape Consultants: The WCU has partnered with professional landscape
professionals who meet with potential landscape rebate customers at their property
and provide expert advice on sustainable landscaping and completing a rebate. This
service is $50 for a two-hour consultation. Since 2015, over 620 Landscape
Consultations have been completed. Note: This program was halted in 2020 due to
COVID-19 budget cuts.
· Water Waste Patrols: WCU staff enforces SMMC 7.16.020, the “No Water Waste”
ordinance. Responses to inbound water waste complaints are handled immediately,
and proactive patrols in the community provide on-site detection of water waste. A
Notice of Violation is issued to the water customer with Citations issued as needed if
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the water waste continues. Since 2015, over 1,500 Notices of Violations have been
issued.
· MWD Water Conservation Rebates: As a member-agency of the MWD, the City
participates in the MWD’s program to provide rebates for high efficiency toilets,
urinals, clothes washers, restaurant appliances, irrigation devices and other devices.
Since 2015, the WCU has increased the supplemental funding added to MWD’s base
rebate amounts to further incentivize installation of these water-conserving devices.
Since 2015, over 7,500 devices have been rebated.
· Free Water Saving Items: WCU staff has distributed thousands of water saving
items to Santa Monica water customers since 2015. These items include low-flow
faucet aerators, low-flow showerheads, automatic shut-off hose nozzles, toilet leak-
detection dye tabs, shower buckets, flow-rate bags, and reusable canvas bags. The
WCU also provides free tent cards and door hangers for hotels/motels to encourage
water conservation by guests through reusing towels and sheets. These free items
are available in the City Hall and are also distributed at outreach events. Since 2015,
over 17,000 water saving devices have been distributed.
· Customer Support: WCU staff provides excellent customer phone and email
support every workday regarding any water conservation issue or program.
Approximately 300 phone calls and emails from Santa Monica water customers are
received and responded to each year.
Depending on funding, additional conservation measures that are planned for
implementation over the next five years include:
· Water Conservation Programs Master Plan: An overall master plan is being
developed to provide a more detailed water conservation framework and
benefit/cost analysis of existing and proposed programs. An outside consultant is
providing guidance and support for developing this plan.
· Marketing/Messaging Program for “Conservation as a Way of Life”: A water
conservation marketing campaign will be created with messaging aligned with the
State’s “Making Water Conservation a California Way of Life.” Drought-related
information will also become part of the messaging.
· Targeted Commercial Sector Programs: Restaurants, hotels, and medical facilities
are the highest commercial users of water in the City. As such, outreach and support
program will be developed for one-on-one audits, evaluations, process
recommendations, and rebate incentives for fixtures/devices to provide meaningful
water savings in these specific sectors. An outside contractor may be used to
develop and implement these programs.
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· Performance Pays: This effort will leverage Metropolitan Water District’s Water
Savings Incentive Program (WSIP) for unique, innovative water conservation
programs. Potential projects include pump pods for fire department trainings and
cooling tower retrofits with new technology.
· School District Retrofits via Water Neutrality Direct Install Program: The scope
of properties where the Water Neutrality Direct Install program retrofits fixtures
will be expanded from residential and CII to include all City campuses of the Santa
Monica-Malibu Unified School District.
· Irrigation System Audit and Repair: Much of the outdoor water waste occurs due
to incorrect watering schedules programmed in customer’s irrigation
timers/controllers (i.e. overwatering). In addition, leaks and broken sprinklers
heads go unnoticed as irrigation is typically run at night and not observed. This new
program will utilize a contractor to provide extensive outdoor audits and make
necessary timer adjustments and simple repairs to save water.
2.2.1.2 Non-potable Water Demand
The City has a dedicated recycled water system that provides service to 30 metered
locations. The primary use of recycled water is for landscape irrigation, but it is also used
for street sweeping, sewer jetting, and for lavatories at two facilities. With the
implementation of the City’s recycled water ordinance, projected water demand is
expected to increase over the coming year as new developments requiring recycled water
come online. The City recently completed the SWIP on November 2023 that will increase
recycled water production up to 1,650 acre-feet per year and also being groundwater
recharge operations using advanced treated recycled water from SWIP by the end of 2023.
Table 2-3. Current Year and Projected Year Demands (Non-Potable)
Current Year
January – December 2022
(AF)
Projected Year
July 2023 – June 2024
(AF)
Non-Potable Reuse 69 72
Aquifer Recharge (Direct Injection)1 0 242
Total Demand 69 314
1200 GPM aquifer injection estimated to begin in October 2023.
2.2.1.3 Unconstrained Demand
The CWC requires water suppliers to estimate the current year’s unconstrained demand as
part of the AWSDA. Unconstrained demand is water demand absent any water supply or
demand restrictions (e.g., voluntary or mandatory conservation). Water suppliers then use
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the current year unconstrained demand, while also considering other factors such as
weather and population growth, to project demand for the twelve-month period following
the July 1st AWSDA deadline (i.e., July 1 to June 30).
Table 2-4 summarizes the current year and projected year unconstrained demands as well
as constrained demands, derived by subtracting an estimated 20% conservation savings.
This 20% reduction is contributed to water conservation activities, which the City has
consistently achieved or exceeded since 2014. Constrained demand for the current year is
included from Table 2-2.
Table 2-4. Current Year and Projected Year Demands (Potable)
Current Year
Unconstrained
January –
December 2022
(AF)
Projected Year
Unconstrained
July 2023 –
June 2024
(AF)
Current Year
Constrained
January –
December
2022
(AF)
Projected Year
Constrained
July 2023 –
June 2024
(AF)
Single Family
Residential 3,221 3,389 2,577 2,711
Multi-Family
Residential 5,766 5,854 4,613 4,683
Industrial/
Commercial 3,073 3,358 2,458 2,686
Institutional 361 404 289 323
Landscape
Irrigation 586 654 469 523
Fire Service 33 3 26 3
Water Loss - - - -
Demand 13,040 13,661 10,432 10,929
The City used a conservative approach for the projected year demands, as the intent of the
AWSDA and requirements of the CWC are to ensure urban water suppliers are able to
maintain reliable water supplies for a projected dry year. Constrained demands for the
projected year (July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024) were calculated using averages of
previous years’ constrained demand. This projection ensures the City is prepared for a
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worst-case scenario (high demand coupled with a dry year). As temperatures continue to
rise due to climate change, California is likely to experience warming by 2 degrees
Fahrenheit or more by 2040. In Los Angeles County, the 12-month average temperature
increased by 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit between May 2020 and April 2022. Higher
temperatures are likely to result in increased water use from year to year. The projected
year demands assumed that it would be hot and dry year (e.g., severe drought conditions).
The projected year demand assumptions for each usage category are as follow:
· Single Family Residential: assumed usage was returning to pre-COVID-19 levels
and continued drought conditions (e.g., hot and dry); used average of 2021 and
2022 actual demand (2021 had the highest usage of the past 5 years and 2022 usage
is slightly greater than 2019 pre-COVID-19 usage and most accurately reflects
recent usage).
· Multi-Family Residential: assumed usage was returning to pre-COVD-19 levels
and continued drought conditions; used average of 2021 and 2022 actual demand
(2021 usage was the same as 2019 pre-COVID-19 and 2022 usage most accurately
reflects recent usage).
· Industrial/Commercial: assumed slight increase in demand due to economic
recovery from COVID-19; used average of 2019 and 2022 actual demand (2019
usage reflects pre-COVID-19 and 2022 usage most accurately reflects recent usage).
· Institutional: assumed slight increase in demand due to economic recovery from
COVID-19; used average of 2019 and 2022 demand (2019 usage reflects pre-COVID-
19 and 2022 usage most accurately reflects recent usage).
· Landscape Irrigation: assumed slight increase in demand due to continued
drought conditions; used average of 2021 and 2022 actual demand (2021 had the
highest usage of the past 5 years and 2022 usage most accurately reflects recent
usage).
· Fire Service: used historical average.
· Water Loss: used historical average.
2.2.2 Water Supply
The City currently purchases imported water from MWD to supplement its local water
supplies. The City is one of 26 retail agencies served by MWD and receives imported water
at two locations: the Arcadia WTP and the Charnock WTP. Both connections are 24 inches
in size and are capable of serving 100% of the City’s water needs. The City’s Tier 1
imported water supply limit from MWD has been 7,406 AFY since 2016, and the City has
been well under this limit in the past 10 years since the Charnock Well Field Restoration
Project was completed in 2010 that restored local groundwater supplies. Additional MWD
supply beyond the Tier 1 limit is also available to the City at a higher Tier 2 water supply
rate.
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The California Water Code requires AWSDAs to evaluate water supply reliability for the
current year and one dry year. Relative to previous years, the local groundwater supply in
2022 was lower than average. The lower local production was a result of two factors. First,
Santa Monica 4 (SM-4), the highest producing well in the City’s second largest producing
groundwater aquifer(the Olympic Well Field) was taken offline due to operational issues.
The other factor that contributed to lower groundwater supply in 2022 and 2023 was the
Arcadia WTP temporarily being taken offline during construction of the Arcadia WTP
expansion project. The Arcadia WTP is the City’s primary drinking water treatment facility
that treats local groundwater supplies. The expansion project will upgrade the Arcadia
WTP to improve production efficiency from 82% to 90% or more and increase the
treatment capacity from 11 million gallons per day (MGD) to a maximum 13 MGD. This
project is scheduled to be completed by March 2024.
To assess supplies under a single dry year (drought year), the City used the available water
supply estimate from the drought risk assessment performed as part of the 2020 Urban
Water Management Plan. The drought risk assessment projected that under a single, worst-
case dry year, the City’s local groundwater supply was approximately 6,755 AF, which
equates to the lowest five-year running average for the City’s water supply from 2010 to
2020. The 2010-2020 time period was chosen because it is after the City completed the
Charnock Well Field Restoration Project in 2010 and is more representative of current
operating conditions (e.g., available groundwater supply and annual MWD imported water
use).
2.2.2.1 Existing Infrastructure Capabilities and Plausible Constraints
In addition to evaluating water supply reliability for the current year and one dry year, the
California Water Code also requires suppliers to consider existing infrastructure
capabilities and plausible constraints. As previously mentioned, construction will be
occurring at the City’s Arcadia WTP through March 2024. It is estimated that this could
result in a decrease in the local groundwater supply of approximately 552 AF for the
Projected Year due to plant shutdowns during construction.
2.2.2.2 Regulatory Considerations
Over 20 years ago, Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) and Tert-Butyl Alcohol (TBA),
compounds once used as gasoline additives, were detected in three of the Charnock Sub-
basin wells. These contaminants shutdown production from the Charnock Sub-basin, the
City’s largest groundwater supply, until the completion of the Charnock Well Field
Restoration Project. The treatment from this project uses Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)
filtration, from coconut shells, to successfully treat MTBE and TBA concentrations to levels
well below the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 5 ppb. As a part of the Charnock Well
Field Restoration Project, additional treatment processes were also added at the Arcadia
WTP including reverse osmosis (RO) and aeration to provide multi-barrier treatment for
the local groundwater.
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More recently in April 2019, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB)
investigated source water wells in California most vulnerable to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl
substances (PFAS) contamination. This included those near airports and landfills, and later
those near secondary sources of PFAS activities. The SWRCB did not require Santa Monica
to sample its sources. However, the City proactively sampled the City’s Drinking Water
sources, and PFOA was detected in the Olympic Well Field. This compound was in addition
to 14 other synthetic organic constituents of potential concern, including trichloroethylene,
tetrachloroethylene, 1,4-dioxane, and 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, identified in the Olympic
subbasin as a result of historical industrial contamination. The City is required to
demonstrate compliance with the Division of Drinking Water (DDW) Process Memo 97-
005-R2020 - Revised Guidance for Direct Domestic Use of Extremely Impaired Sources to
utilize the Olympic subbasin as a drinking water source. As part of maintaining compliance,
the Arcadia WTP expansion will also include the new Olympic Wellfield Restoration Project
to remove these constituents through ultraviolet-advanced oxidation processes and two-
stage GAC in order to amend the City’s drinking water permit to perform continuous
wellfield monitoring for these substances, including PFOA.
In May 2017, the Cities of Santa Monica, Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, Culver City, and Los
Angeles County signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to form the Santa Monica
Basin Groundwater Sustainability Agency (SMBGSA). The SMBGSA is tasked with
implementing an ongoing sustainable groundwater management program for the SMB in
conformance with California’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) of 2014.
A key piece of this program is the development of a Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP),
which was approved by the SMBGSA in January 2022.
The GSP is the first comprehensive groundwater assessment and management plan specific
to the SMB, which has been identified as a medium-priority groundwater basin by the
California DWR. The SMBGSA is required to provide a description of the sustainable
management criteria that will be used for the basin. As part of the GSP, sustainable
management criteria (e.g., sustainable yield) and interfaces with neighboring groundwater
basins (e.g., West Coast Basin and Central Basin) for the SMB was assessed. Projected
groundwater levels calculated using a calibrated groundwater model indicate that at a
production rate of 9,000 AFY, groundwater elevations will decline and recover based on
the volume of recharge available in the SMB. The City has already begun implementing
projects to aid in maintaining sustainability of the SMB, including groundwater recharge
with advanced treated recycled water from SWIP, advancing monitoring wells to eliminate
data gaps and refine groundwater modeling efforts, and expanding water conservation
programs to permanently reduce water demand.
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2.2.2.3 Projected Available Water Supply
Current year and projected year supply used for the AWSDA are provided in Table 2-5. The
projected year water supply includes existing infrastructure capabilities, plausible
constraints, and regulatory considerations described above. The projected year local
groundwater supply was calculated by subtracting construction-related Arcadia WTP
outages (552 AF) from the water supply from the drought risk assessment (6,755 AF). The
water supply from the drought risk assessment is the lowest five-year running average for
water supply from 2010 to 2020. As a conservative approach, the projected supply
assumes that only MWD’s Tier 1 supply is available.
Table 2-5. Current Year and Projected Year Potable Supply
Current Year
January – December 2022
(AF)
Projected Year
July 2023 – June 2024
(AF)
Local Groundwater 4,082 6,2031
MWD Tier 1 7,406 7,406
Total Supply 11,488 13,609
1Derived from subtracting the 552 AF decrease in groundwater supply from the 6,755 AF water supply used
in the drought risk assessment during the Projected Year due to Arcadia WTP construction.
2.2.2.4 Projected Available Non-Potable Supply
In 2001, the City began operating the SMURRF to treat dry-weather urban runoff that was
previously discharged into Santa Monica Bay from the Pier and Pico-Kenter storm drains.
The SMURRF is operated by Santa Monica, though operating costs and revenues are shared
jointly with the City of Los Angeles, as a Best Management Practice (BMP) facility. Treated
water from SMURRF is sent through a City-wide non-potable water distribution system
that serves parks, medians, Woodlawn Cemetery, and dual-plumbed buildings for toilet
flushing. The non-potable water is also used by City operations for street sweeping, sewer
jetting, and pressure washing. Due to upgrades being made at SMURRF, the facility was
offline during the entire current year (2022). As a result, supplemental potable water was
used to meet recycled water customer demand during this period. The upgraded SMURRF
is expected to be complete and back online Summer 2023.
In addition to SMURRF, the City will be using the SWIP Advanced Water Treatment Facility
(AWTF) to supply non-potable customers Summer 2023. The SWIP AWTF will be the City’s
first wastewater treatment facility and will be able to produce up to 1 MGD, on average, of
advanced treated recycled water (approximately 10% of the City’s water supply). Initially,
advanced treated recycled water would be used to meet non-potable reuse demands.
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Ultimately, the advanced treated recycled water will also be used to augment the
groundwater aquifer at the Olympic Well Field via direct aquifer injection. The City is also
exploring the potential for direct potable reuse in the future when regulatory guidelines
are available in December 2023. Table 2-6 summarizes the current year and projected year
non-potable supplies available to the City.
Table 2-6. Current Year and Projected Year Non-Potable Supply
Current Year
January – December 2022
(AF)
Projected Year
July 2023 – June 2024
(AF)
SMURRF 69 Up to 560
SWIP 0 Up to 1,120
Total Non-Potable Supply 69 Up to 1,680
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Supply and Demand Assessment Results and Recommendations 3-1
3 Supply and Demand Assessment Results and
Recommendations
Results of the AWSDA comparing anticipated unconstrained demand and total water
supply for the projected year are summarized in Table 3-1. A shortage is indicated by a
negative number/percentage, while a surplus is indicated by a positive
number/percentage.
Table 3-1. Assessment Results without Water Shortage Response Actions
Total (AF)
Anticipated Unconstrained Demand 13,661
Anticipated Total Water Supply 13,609
Surplus/Shortage w/out Water Shortage Response Actions1 -52
% Surplus/Shortage w/out Water Shortage Response Actions -0.4%
State Standard Shortage Level without Water Shortage Response
Actions
Level 1
(≤10%shortage )
1 Shortage is indicated by a negative number/percentage; surplus is indicated by a positive
number/percentage.
Results indicate that without water shortage response actions, a -0.4% water supply
shortage is projected for the next year. A -0.4% water supply shortage indicates a State’s
Standard Shortage Level 1 (≤10%shortage) per the WSCP where necessary actions (e.g.,
water conservation) are not required to be taken to enhance the reliability and resiliency of
the available water supply. However, the City recommends staying in a Stage 2 shortage,
where conservation is required to meet the City’s goal of reducing its reliance on imported
water supplies and is discussed further below.
3.1 RECOMMENDED WATER SHORTAGE RESPONSE STAGE
The City’s WSCP utilizes the same water shortage levels as the State and includes water
shortage response actions for each stage. The City’s water shortage stages and associated
water use reduction targets from the City’s WSCP are provided in Table 3-2 on the
following page.
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Supply and Demand Assessment Results and Recommendations 3-2
Table 3-2. Water Shortage Stages and Reduction Targets
Water
Shortage
Stage
Shortage
Level
Water Shortage
Condition
Water Use
Restrictions
City-wide Use
Reduction Goal
Stage 1 ≤10% Minimal Voluntary 10%
Stage 21 10-20% Moderate Mandatory 20%
Stage 3 20-30% Significant Mandatory 30%
Stage 4 30-40% Severe Mandatory 40%
Stage 5 40-50% Critical Mandatory 50%
Stage 6 >50% Catastrophic Mandatory >50%
1Recommended Water Shortage Stage
The recommended Stage 2 Water Shortage Stage includes mandatory water use
restrictions with a City-wide use reduction goal of 20% compared to the 2013 water use
baseline. Water shortage conditions and actions implemented as part of a Stage 2 Water
Shortage Stage are provided in Table 3-3 and Table 3-4.
Table 3-3. Summary of Water Shortage Stages and Conditions
Water
Shortage
Stage
Water Shortage
Level Water Shortage Condition
Stage 1 Up to 10%
Using more than 50% of MWD Tier 1 allowance for
imported/purchased water and/or MINIMAL decrease
in local ground water supply
Stage 2 Up to 20%
Using more than 50% of MWD Tier 1 allowance for
imported/purchased water and/or MINIMAL decrease
in local ground water supply
Stage 3 Up to 30%
Using more than 70% of MWD Tier 1 allowance for
imported/purchased water and/or SIGNIFICANT
decrease in local ground water supply.
Stage 4 Up to 40%
Using more than 80% of MWD Tier 1 allowance for
imported/purchased water and/or ADVANCED decrease
in local ground water supply.
Stage 5 Up to 50%
Using more than 90% of MWD Tier 1 allowance for
imported/purchased water and/or SEVERE decrease in
local ground water supply.
Stage 6 > 50%
Exceeding MWD Tier 1 allowance for
imported/purchased water and/or CATASTROPHIC
decrease in local ground water supply.
12.A.b
Packet Pg. 546 Attachment: Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report_053023 [Revision 1] (5638 : Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for
City of Santa Monica Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report
Supply and Demand Assessment Results and Recommendations 3-3
Table 3-4. Summary of Stage 1 and Stage 2 Water Shortage Response Actions
Water
Shortage
Stage Action
Estimated
Reduction
Stage 1 Offer Water Use Surveys 1% - 2%
Stage 1 Provide Rebates on Plumbing Fixtures and Devices 1% - 2%
Stage 1 Provide Rebates for Landscape Irrigation Efficiency 1% - 2%
Stage 1 Provide Rebates for Turf Replacement 1% - 2%
Stage 1 Landscape - Restrict or prohibit runoff from landscape
irrigation 1% - 2%
Stage 1 Landscape - Limit landscape irrigation to specific times 1% - 2%
Stage 1 CII - Restaurants may only serve water upon request 1% - 2%
Stage 1 Water Features - Restrict water use for decorative water
features, such as fountains 1% - 2%
Stage 1 Pools and Spas - Require covers for pools and spas 1% - 2%
Stage 1 Other - Customers must repair leaks, breaks, and
malfunctions in a timely manner 1% - 2%
Stage 1 Other - additional conservation measures by City staff 1% - 2%
Stage 1 Other - Irrigation Association’s Best Management Practices
for all City landscaped areas 1% - 2%
Stage 1 Other – immediate notification by City staff of any leaks
seen on City property or private property 1% - 2%
Stage 1 Other – immediate notification by City staff of any leaks
seen on City property or private property 1% - 2%
Stage 2 Other – continued implementation of Stage 1 actions 10% - 20%
Stage 2 Other - Implement Water Use Allowances (WUAs) for a
20% reduction from the amount of water used in 2013. 10% - 20%
Stage 2 Expand Public Information Campaign 1% - 10%
Stage 2 Increase Water Waste Patrols 1% - 10%
12.A.b
Packet Pg. 547 Attachment: Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report_053023 [Revision 1] (5638 : Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for
City of Santa Monica Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report
Supply and Demand Assessment Results and Recommendations 3-4
The goal of water shortage response actions is to reduce demand and enhance the
reliability of the City’s water supply. For a Stage 2 Shortage, the City’s WSCP identifies a list
of actions that aim to reduce water demand in the City by 20%. The City has been in a
Stage 2 water shortage stage since 2014 and has consistently achieved 20% reductions in
water demand. The estimated reduction in water demand resulting from Stage 2 actions for
the projected year is approximately 2,732 AF.
In addition to water demand reduction, water supply augmentation may also be used as a
water shortage response action. The City plans to use Tier 2 imported water supply from
MWD as a supply augmentation action during prolonged, planned local groundwater
supply outages (e.g., shutdown of the Arcadia WTP or the Charnock Well Field for over 2
months). As previously discussed, the Arcadia WTP is temporarily offline for construction
and during these outages, additional water from MWD, beyond the City’s Tier 1 allocation
will need to be purchased to supplement the City’s supply. The proposed supply
augmentation budget allowed from the MWD Tier 2 is 5,600 AF, which is equivalent to the
current year’s highest six consecutive month total supply and coincides with how long
planned outages in local water supplies may last (e.g., construction at the Arcadia WTP or
replacement of groundwater wells). Tier 2 water is not listed as a water shortage response
action in Table 3-4 because it would only be used in certain circumstances (e.g. planned
construction), and is not tied to customer water usage. The WSCP will be revised to reflect
the addition of supply augmentation as a water shortage response.
The City recommends staying in a Stage 2 Shortage for a variety of reasons:
· First, the Water Conservation Act of 2009 (Senate Bill X7-7) required water
suppliers in California to decrease urban per capita water use by 20% by the year
2020. The City met this goal, and by staying in a Stage 2 Shortage, the City would be
able to continue meeting this requirement.
· Second, if the Stage 2 Shortage was lifted, water demand could increase due to the
public’s perception of relaxed conservation requirements, thus increasing the
purchase of imported water. This could impact water rates and potentially lead to a
heavier burden on the City’s rate payers.
· Third, while California has seen heavy rain thus far in 2023, this does not
completely alleviate the long-term impacts of the current drought or the state’s
chronic water supply challenges. The rain events have been beneficial for the State
Water Project (imported water from Northern California); however, Southern
California’s other major imported water supply from the Colorado River has yet to
recover from over 20 years of drought conditions, and studies suggest the Colorado
River may not recover in our lifetime
12.A.b
Packet Pg. 548 Attachment: Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report_053023 [Revision 1] (5638 : Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for
City of Santa Monica Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report
Supply and Demand Assessment Results and Recommendations 3-5
Staying in a Stage 2 Water Shortage is prudent for the City in order to maintain demand
reduction so that we are prepared for the next inevitable, extended dry period.
The severe drought California has faced since 2020, paired with the heavy rains of 2023,
showcase that climate change results in greater variability and volatility of weather
patterns. Investments in the City’s water supply resiliency are necessary to mitigate against
these extreme weather events. The SWIP and Arcadia WTP Expansion are examples of the
City’s efforts in adapting the City’s water portfolio to climate change impacts. The SWIP
leverages stormwater, when it is available during wet weather events, and municipal
wastewater to produce purified water to recharge local groundwater aquifers. The Arcadia
WTP will improve production efficiencies to produce additional drinking water without
increasing local groundwater pumping through first-of-its-kind, high-efficiency Flow
Reversal Reverse Osmosis technology. Both projects are expected to be online within the
projected year. Coupled with water conservation activities, these components represent
the culmination of the 2018 SWMP to improve water resiliency, self-sufficiency, and
sustainability.
The long-term vision of the City is to center on water conservation, per CA Executive Order
B-37-16: Making Water Conservation a California Way of Life. Local conservation goals are
detailed in the City’s Water Conservation Master Plan. Implementing cutting edge projects,
along with great water conservation efforts from the public, the City is able to prepare for
future. Table 3-5 highlights the benefits of remaining in a Stage 2 Shortage. The City is able
to jump from a -0.4% shortage to a 20% surplus in water supply using Stage 2 Shortage
response actions.
Table 3-5. Assessment Results with Stage 2 Water Shortage Response Actions
Total (AF)
Projected Year Supply (Local Groundwater and MWD Tier 1 Supply) 13,609
Total Supply 13,609
Projected Unconstrained Demand 13,661
Benefit from Stage 2 Water Demand Reduction Actions (2,732)
Constrained Demand 10,929
Revised Surplus w/ Water Shortage Response Actions
(Total Supply – Constrained Demand) 2,680
Revised % Surplus w/ Water Shortage Response Actions 20%
12.A.b
Packet Pg. 549 Attachment: Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report_053023 [Revision 1] (5638 : Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for
City of Santa Monica Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report
Supply and Demand Assessment Results and Recommendations 3-6
3.2 ONGOING REASSESSMENTS
The City has been providing monthly water production and conservation reports to the
SWRCB since July 2014 to comply with the statewide drought emergency water
conservation regulation. While the emergency regulation expired in November 2017, the
City continues to report voluntarily. Monthly reports became mandatory again in October
2020 after the SWRCB adopted a new regulation on Monthly Urban Water Conservation
Reporting. The new reporting regulation requires monthly reporting of key elements and
additional information during water shortages. The reports, compiled by the City, include
information on residential water use, total potable water production, measures
implemented to conserve water and improve efficiency, and local enforcement actions. The
reports are submitted to the SWRCB’s Drinking Water Information Clearinghouse online
portal.
Over the next few years, the City will also be upgrading its water meters with AMI, which
will allow real-time water demand monitoring as opposed to the current 60-day meter
reading cycle. Past studies have shown AMI to reduce water demand by as much as 5-7%
of the total water supply. The City is also working on three master planning documents: a
Water Master Plan, a Water Conservation Master Plan, and a Recycled Water Master Plan.
These master plans will help identify water system improvements over the next ten years,
refine the implementation of water conservation measures to further reduce water
demand, and plan for the expansion of the recycled water system.
On the water supply side, the City’s WRD provides monthly water production reports to
interested parties within the City. The reports include information on well production,
finished local water production and imported water purchased. Staff will continue monthly
monitoring of water supplies to assess water shortage conditions.
On the non-potable water supply side, the future non-potable water supply capability far
exceeds projected demand. It is anticipated that the SMURRF and SWIP AWTF will operate
to meet non-potable demand and aquifer recharge demand at one injection well. To
maximize the use of advanced treated recycled water, the City is analyzing potential sites
for up to two additional injection wells and exploring the potential for direct potable reuse
in the future to further enhance the reliability and resiliency of the City’s water supply
portfolio.
As an adaptive management plan, the WSCP will be refined as needed to ensure it
continues to effectively address potential water shortage conditions. On an ongoing basis,
using the reports and compliance tracking process described above, any necessary changes
to the WSCP will be identified. In addition, as a part of annual demand and supply
assessments, the WSCP will be reviewed with refinements incorporated as needed.
12.A.b
Packet Pg. 550 Attachment: Draft 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report_053023 [Revision 1] (5638 : Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for
Page 1 of 2
City Council Meeting: June 13, 2023 Santa Monica, California
RESOLUTION NUMBER (CCS)
(City Council Series)
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL
OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA ADOPTING THE 2023
ANNUAL WATER SHORTAGE ASSESSMENT REPORT
WHEREAS, the California Legislature enacted Assembly Bill 1414 amending
Sections 10608.34, 10609.20, 10609.22, 10609.24, 10609.26, 10621, 10631, and
10632.1 of, and to add Section 10609.25 to, the California Water Code; and
WHEREAS, Section 10632.1 of the California Water Code requires an urban
water supplier to conduct an annual water supply and demand assessment and submit
an annual water shortage assessment report to the California Department of Water
Resources consistent with the supplier’s water shortage contingency plan by July 1 of
each year; and
WHEREAS, the City of Santa Monica is an urban supplier of water; and
WHEREAS, the City of Santa Monica water shortage contingency plan requires
annual water shortage assessment reports to be adopted by City Council after public
review and a public hearing, and filed with the California Department of Water Resources
by July 1 of each year; and
WHEREAS, the City of Santa Monica has prepared and circulated for public review a
draft 2023 annual water shortage assessment report, and a noticed public hearing regarding
the report was held by City Council on June 13, 2023.
12.A.c
Packet Pg. 551 Attachment: Resolution [Revision 1] (5638 : Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for the 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment
Page 2 of 2
WHEREAS, the City Council has reviewed and considered the contents of the draft
2023 annual water shortage assessment report and determined that it complies with Section
10632 of the California Water Code.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA DOES
HEREBY RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. The Recitals above are incorporated herein by this reference.
SECTION 2. The City Council finds that the City is in conformance with all applicable
requirements of Section 10632 of the California Water Code.
SECTION 3. The City Council hereby adopts the City's 2023 annual water shortage
assessment report.
SECTION 4. The Water Resources Manager is hereby authorized and directed to file
the 2023 annual water shortage assessment report with the California Department of Water
Resources by July 1, 2023.
SECTION 5. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution of the
City Council, and thenceforth and thereafter the same shall be in full force and effect.
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
DOUGLAS SLOAN
City Attorney
12.A.c
Packet Pg. 552 Attachment: Resolution [Revision 1] (5638 : Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for the 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment
From:Amanda Grossman
To:councilmtgitems
Subject:Item 12a - Water Shortage Assessment Report
Date:Monday, June 12, 2023 4:03:20 PM
Attachments:23.04.17_WaterShortageAssessmentPlan.docx
image001.png
Good afternoon,
Attached is a motion made by the Commission on Sustainability, Environmental Justice, and the
Environment regarding Item 12a - Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report. Please let me know if
you need any additional information. Thank you.
Amanda Grossman (She/Her)
Sustainability Analyst
LEED Green Associate, TRUE Advisor, ENV SP
(310) 458-2201 x 2406
Sustainablesm.org
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Subscribe to City of Santa Monica Email Updates
12.A.d
Packet Pg. 553 Attachment: Written Comments (5638 : Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for the 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report)
Memo
To: City of Santa Monica City Council and City Manager’s Office
From: Dean Kubani, Chair, Commission on Sustainability, Environmental
Justice and the Environment
Signature:
Date: April 18, 2023
Re: City of Santa Monica Commission on Sustainability, Environmental
Justice, and the Environment Motion Regarding the Water Supply
and Demand Assessment Report
At the April 17, 2023 regular meeting, the Commission on Sustainability,
Environmental Justice, and the Environment discussed and took action on the
following agenda item:
a. Water Supply and Demand Assessment
i) Dinaz Kureishy (Civil Engineer Assistant) presented update to the
Water Supply and Demand Assessment report. The report
assesses the projected water supply and usage for the City.
ii) Staff recommends staying in Stage 2 Water conservation efforts
and helps the City meet water self-sufficiency goals and reduces
the amount of imported water.
iii) The report will be presented to Council in June and then to the
Department of Water Resources in July.
After discussion, the Commission on Sustainability, Environmental Justice,
and the Environment made the following motion:
The Commission on Sustainability, Environmental Justice, and the
Environment recommends that Council to support the resolution to adopt
the 2023 Water Shortage Assessment Report.
The motion was made by Vice Chair Mearns, and seconded by Member
Sokol.
12.A.d
Packet Pg. 554 Attachment: Written Comments (5638 : Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for the 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report)
The motion was approved by the following roll call vote:
Ayes: Chair Kubani
Vice Chair Mearns
Member Lempert
Member Sokol
Noes: None
Abstain: None
Absent: Member Pettit and Member Tower
12.A.d
Packet Pg. 555 Attachment: Written Comments (5638 : Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution for the 2023 Annual Water Shortage Assessment Report)