SR 05-23-2023 5B
City Council
Report
City Council Meeting: May 23, 2023
Agenda Item: 5.B
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To: Mayor and City Council
From: Rick Valte, Public Works Director, Public Works, Engineering and Street
Services
Rick Valte, Public Works Director, Public Works Department
Subject: Award RFP to Kennedy Jenks Consultants, Inc. for Groundwater Wells
Engineering Design Services
Recommended Action
Staff recommends that the City Council:
1. Adopt a finding that the groundwater recharge wells were analyzed in the
adopted Olympic Arcadia Treatment Plant Initial Study/Mitigated Negative
Declaration (State Clearinghouse No. 2020070129), and a finding of categorical
exemptions pursuant to Sections 15302, 15303, 15303, and 15304 of the
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines.
2. Award Request for Proposal #SP2678 to Kennedy/Jenks Consultants, Inc., to
provide engineering design services, develop construction documents, and
provide engineering support during the construction of the Groundwater Wells
Project for the Public Works Department.
3. Authorize the City Manager to negotiate and execute an agreement with
Kennedy/Jenks Consulting, Inc., in an amount not to exceed $2,646,847
(including $240,622 contingency).
Summary
The Groundwater Wells Project (Project) would provide design services for one new
drinking water production well to replace an existing well, four new monitoring wells and
two new groundwater injection wells that would recharge the groundwater aquifer. The
recharge wells would be used to inject advanced treated recycled water from the
Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project (SWIP) and Santa Monica Urban Runoff
Recycling Facility (SMURRF) into the Olympic Well Field. The monitoring wells are a
regulatory requirement for injection wells. Injecting the advanced treated recycled water
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from SWIP would help maintain the sustainable groundwater production in the Olympic
Well Field and through transmission mains it would be conveyed to Arcadia Treatment
Plant for treatment and distribution as drinking water. This Project, identified in the
updated Sustainable Water Master Plan, is part of a long-term series of projects to
become water self-sufficient, reduce our water supply energy footprint, and stabilize
water rates long term. Staff recommends Kennedy/Jenks Consultants, Inc., to provide
engineering design services, develop construction documents, obtain permits for the
new wells and provide engineering support during the construction phase of the project
for an amount not to exceed $2,646,847 including a 10% contingency.
Discussion
The City of Santa Monica recently completed the SWIP that adds a sustainable and
drought-resilient water supply to diversify the City’s water supply portfolio and reduces
the City’s reliance on imported water supplies. The SWIP is a key project in the City’s
2018 Sustainable Water Master Plan Update to provide a sustainable and drought
resilient water supply for the community and reduces the City’s reliance on imported
water supplies (Attachment A). The SWIP leverages stormwater, dry weather urban
runoff, and municipal wastewater that is treated through a multi-barrier treatment
process to produce purified water that exceeds drinking water standards and is used for
non-potable uses (e.g., irrigation and dual-plumbed buildings) and groundwater
recharge. The implementation of two additional groundwater recharge wells (SM-11i
and SM-12i), and associated monitoring wells, would aim to maximize advanced treated
recycled water produced at the SWIP to recharge local groundwater supplies in the
Olympic Sub-basin. Each groundwater recharge well requires a monitoring well network
to monitor travel time and water quality to comply with State of California’s groundwater
recharge regulations.
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In addition to the two groundwater recharge wells, a groundwater production well SM-4
would be replaced to maintain groundwater production in the Olympic Well Field. The
existing groundwater production well (SM-4) has been in operation for over 30 years,
has exceeded its useful life, and is limited to operate at 25-30% of its original production
capacity. Replacing the existing aging SM-4 groundwater production well with a new
well would enable the City to maintain local groundwater production in the Olympic Sub-
basin. Potential locations for the injection wells SM-11i, SM-12i and the existing well
SM-4 are shown in the figure below, the replacement well SM-4 would be located
approximately 50 feet to the east.
Figure 1: Potential locations for the injection wells SM-11i, SM-12i and the existing well SM-4.
Vendor Selection
Bidder Recommendation
Best Qualified Person/Firm Kennedy/Jenks Consultants, Inc.
Evaluation Criteria Training/credentials/experience, competence/skill,
capacity/ability to perform services promptly, sufficiency of
financial/other resources, character/reputation, ability to
provide future services as needed and price.
Municipal Code SMMC 2.24.190
Proposals Received
Black & Veatch GEI Consultants
Kennedy/Jenks, Consultants Inc,
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RFP Data
Posted On Posted On Advertised in (City
Charter & SMMC)
Vendors
Downloaded
Date Publicly
Opened
12/09/2022 City’s Online
Bidding Site
Santa Monica Daily
Press
50 01/30/2023
Justification to Award
The proposals were reviewed by a selection panel consisting of staff from the
Engineering & Street Services and Water Resources Divisions. The proposal
evaluations were based on project understanding/workplan, previous experience,
references, ability to deliver, quality of product, cost, and compliance with City
requirements. Staff interviewed all three firms. Based on the evaluation criteria and
criteria in SMMC 2.24.190, staff recommends Kennedy/Jenks Consultants Inc., as the
best qualified firm to provide engineering services for the Project based on their
extensive and prior experience in developing similar projects for other California
municipalities and water production agencies including Antelope Valley- East Kern
Water Agency, Monterey One Water Agency, Los Angeles County Waterworks District
40, and City of Santa Monica.
Past Council Actions
Meeting Date Description
November 27, 2018
(Attachment A)
Staff Report - Sustainable Water Master Plan Update
Environmental Review
The potential environmental effects of the groundwater recharge wells were previously
analyzed in the Olympic Arcadia Treatment Plant Initial Study/Mitigated Negative
Declaration (IS/MND) (State Clearinghouse No. 2020070129), adopted on November
24, 2020. As determined in the previously adopted IS/MND, impacts would be less than
significant with the implementation of adopted mitigation measures.
The proposed four monitoring wells in the Santa Monica Basin are exempt from CEQA
pursuant to Section 15303 (New Construction or Conversion of Small Structures),
Section 15304 (Class 4 – Minor Alterations to Land), and Section 15306 (information
Collection) of the CEQA Guidelines.
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• Section 15303 exempts the construction of new small facilities or structures,
including utility structures and extensions.
• Section 15304 exempts minor alterations to land, which do not involve removal
of mature or scenic trees. Activities include minor grading, trenching, and
backfilling.
• Section 15306 exempts the basic data collection, research, experimental
management, and resource evaluation activities which do not result in a serious
or major disturbance to an environmental resource.
The groundwater monitoring wells will be drilled up to depths between 400 to 800 feet
below the surface with minimal ground surface area disturbed. Upon completion, the
appearance of the monitoring wells will be largely confined to a small area with each
well covered by a concrete pad not larger than 4 by 4 feet. The monitoring wells will
provide information and data necessary to implement long-term sustainable
groundwater planning and management for the Basin. Therefore, the installation of the
monitoring wells qualifies for CEQA exemption pursuant to Sections 15303, 15304, and
15306 as they consist of the new construction of small structures, involve minor
alterations to land, and information collection activities. In addition, none of the
exceptions specified in Section 15300.2 of CEQA Guidelines would apply that would
preclude the use of the CEQA exemptions:
• The project site is not located in a sensitive environment
• The project will not have a significant effect on the environment due to unusual
circumstances
• The project would not damage scenic resources
• The project would not be located on a hazardous waste site based on a review
of relevant databases
• The project would not cause a change to a historical resource as there are no
historic resources identified within the identified site locations
Replacement of the groundwater production well at the Olympic Well Field is exempt
from CEQA as set forth in Section 15302 (Replacement and Reconstruction) of the
CEQA Guidelines. Section 15302 exempts replacement or reconstruction of existing
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structures and facilities where the new structure will be located in the same site as the
structure replaced and will have substantially the same purpose and capacity as the
structure replaced because this project would replace existing groundwater productions
wells that are beyond its asset life.
Financial Impacts and Budget Actions
Staff seeks authority to approve funding from the Water Fund to award an agreement
with Kennedy/Jenks Consultants, Inc. for the Project. Funding is contingent on City
Council adoption of the FY 2023-24 Exception-Based CIP Budget.
Contract Request
FY 2023-24 Amount CIP Account # Total Contract Amount
$1,481,775 C5008560.689000 $1,481,775
$1,165,072 C5008570.689000 $1,165,072
$2,646,847 Total $2,646,847
Prepared By: Tom Shahbazi, Civil Engineer
Approved
Forwarded to Council
Attachments:
A. Nov 27 2018 Staff Report
B. KJ OaksInitiative-PC
C. PowerPoint Presentation
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City Council
Report
City Council Meeting: November 27, 2018
Agenda Item: 8.C
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To: Mayor and City Council
From: Susan Cline, Director, Public Works, Water Resources
Subject: Sustainable Water Master Plan Update and Pathway to Water Self -
Sufficiency
Recommended Action
Staff recommends that the City Council:
1. Provide staff with direction to proceed with water self-sufficiency components.
2. Provide staff with direction regarding funding recommendations to achieve water
self-sufficiency.
3. Authorize budget changes as outlined in the Financial Impacts and Budget
Actions section of this report.
4. Direct staff to return for a public hearing on January 8, 2019, to consider
implementation of 9% water rate increase previously approved by Council on
February 24, 2015 to go into effect on March 1, 2019.
Executive Summary
The City of Santa Monica (City) has historically provided water service to residential and
business customers allowing for bold efforts in securing resiliency and self -sufficiency
for the community. Given the statewide challenges surrounding a safe and reliable
water supply in recent years, Council directed staff to develop a water self -sufficiency
plan with the goal of meeting 100% of Santa Monica’s water demand using local water
sources by 2020. On October 28, 2014, Council adopted the Sustainable Water Master
Plan (SWMP), which outlines a strategy to achieve the City’s water self -sufficiency goal
(Attachment A). Staff initiated a comprehensive update of the SWMP in 2017 to
incorporate new information regarding local groundwater resources and to integrate
new water conservation programs and alternative water supply opportunities. On
January 9, 2018, staff reported to Council that further analysis was needed to assess
whether the City could meet its water self -sufficiency goal by 2020 (Attachment B). The
further analyses have been completed and confirm that achieving water self -sufficiency
that can be maintained into the future is practical and cost effective, but the projected
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date of reaching that goal would be 2023. The delay from the original date is due to new
state drinking water requirements implemented in 2018, permitting requirements for
alternative water supply projects, and results of recently completed feasibility studies
which resulted in longer timelines for project completion relative to previous estimates.
The benefits of becoming water self-sufficient when compared to the alternative of
continuing to meet a portion of local water demand using imported water include: long -
term cost benefits for water ratepayers, establishment of a diverse, sustainable and
drought resilient local water supply, and reduction of the City’s water supply energy
footprint. It should be noted that in the updated plan proposed by staff, water self -
sufficiency equates to approximately 99% locally sourced water, with 1% of the City’s
water supply still being purchased from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern
California (MWD) to maintain the imported water connection for emergency purposes.
The updated proposal to meet water self-sufficiency presented in this staff report
includes an optimized water conservation program together with local water supply
projects, an updated implementation timeline, and recommended funding toward
achieving water self-sufficiency for the City. Following Council direction and approval,
the final components will be included in an updated SWMP that will guide City efforts
toward achieving the goal through 2023. To achieve self -sufficiency by 2023, staff is
proposing to replace imported water purchases with a comprehensive plan consisting
of:
Component 1 - continuing and increasing water conservation efforts to
permanently reduce water demand,
Component 2 - developing sustainable and drought resilient alternative water
supplies, and
Component 3 - expanding local groundwater production within sustainable yield
limits.
The anticipated cost to implement the components required to meet the self -sufficiency
goal is approximately $38 million to increase local water supplies, which includes
capacity expansion of the Arcadia Water Treatment Plant (WTP), implementation of
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production efficiency enhancements, as well as acquiring an additional groundwater
well to enhance resiliency. The $38 million would be funded primarily through the
issuance of a water revenue bond and a contribution from the Wastewater Fund ($3.25
million) to the Water Fund to fund the various projects outlined in this staff report, with
the debt service on the bonds incorporated into water rates in an upcoming rate study.
An additional $64 million from existing water-contamination settlement funds would be
used for restoring the Olympic Sub-basin, which would allow additional water production
from that sub-basin to support achievement of water self -sufficiency. The proposed
water self-sufficiency plan and staff recommendations are based on recently completed
studies (e.g., confirmation of sustainable yield analysis, evaluation of new drinking water
regulations on the Olympic Sub-basin restoration, and feasibility studies to assess new
technologies that increase production efficiency at the Arcadia WTP) in which multiple
scenarios were evaluated for cost, benefits and effectiveness.
Lastly, staff will return to Council on January 8, 2019, for a public hearing and to
recommend a full implementation of the 9% water rate adjustment (within the previously
adopted Council authorization) for calendar year 2019 and effective on water bills
issued on or about March 1, 2019. The recommended water rate adjustment would
ensure a fiscally sustainable comprehensive program for safe, clean, reliable water
supply to our community. It would also help offset increased construction costs to keep
up with the City’s 100-year water main replacement program and fund preliminary
design efforts on the various components required to achieve water self -sufficiency as
contemplated in the 2014 rate study.
Background
On January 25, 2011, City Council directed staff to develop a water self -sufficiency plan
with the goal of meeting 100% of Santa Monica’s water demand using local water
sources by 2020. On October 28, 2014, Council adopted the SWMP which outlines a
comprehensive plan to achieve water self-sufficiency. The SWMP involves a
combination of water demand reduction strategies through various water conservation
and efficiency programs designed to permanently reduce residential and commercial
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water use, along with increased water supply from 1) alternative water sources such as
captured rainwater and treated wastewater; 2) increased efficiency of the City’s water
treatment systems; and 3) additional pumping from existing groun dwater wells and new
wells in the local groundwater basin. Implementation of the SWMP has been proceeding
since 2014, with updates provided during Council’s annual consideration of water rate
adjustments. The most recent update was provided on January 9, 2 018.
Between 2014 and 2018, other elements of the SWMP progressed, including
completion of a preliminary Sustainable Yield Analysis (SYA) of the Santa Monica
groundwater basin and finalizing plans for the Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project
(SWIP) to support further analysis and refinement of alternatives to reduce reliance on
imported water supply and meet the City’s self-sufficiency goal. Staff initiated a
comprehensive update of the SWMP in 2017 to incorporate new information regarding
local groundwater resources, regulatory updates, and to integrate new water
conservation programs and alternate water supply opportunities.
On January 9, 2018, staff reported to Council that further analysis was needed to
assess whether the City could meet its water self-sufficiency goal by 2020. Additional
work completed since January 2018 included analysis to validate preliminary SYA
estimates of the local groundwater basin, drilling of exploratory water wells in the
Coastal sub-basin to evaluate potential new local water production, technical studies to
evaluate the cost and viability of increasing the production efficiency of the City’s
Arcadia WTP, evaluating the impact of new drinking water regulations (e.g., maximum
contaminant level [MCL] for 1,2,3 TCP) on groundwater extraction from the Olympic
Sub-basin, and evaluating the cost and viability of additional water conservation
programs as requested by the Task Force on the Environment. A timeline summarizing
key events related to the development of the SWMP from 2011 is provided in Figure 1.
Staff currently anticipates that the City would achieve water self -sufficiency in 2023
based on the plan outlined in this report. In addition to the proposed plan to achieve
water self-sufficiency, a Five-Year Rate Study (2020-2024) is also currently underway
and will consider potential rate impacts of water self-sufficiency projects. Results of the
Five Year Rate Study will be presented to Council in the first half of 2019.
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January 25, 2011
City Council directed
staff to develop water
self-sufficiency plan
(100% on local water
supplies)
Council adopts Sustainable
Water Master Plan (Oct ’14)
Plan outlines the City’s strategy to
achieve water self-sufficiency
Olympic Treatment Pilot Project
Initiated (Sept ’14)
Evaluate treatment technologies to
restore pumping capacity at Olympic
Sub Basin
SWMP Update
(Nov ‘18)
Staff to present
strategy to meet
City’s water self-
sufficiency goal
Conservation Plan
Implemented (2015)
Increased conservation
efforts saw a ~20% reduction
in gallon per capita per day
(gpcd) water consumption
SWMP Update
(Jan ‘18)
Staff reported to City
Council that additional
analysis was needed to
determine if self-
sufficiency goal could
be met by 2020
New Contaminant at
Olympic Sub Basin
(May ‘18)
New drinking water
regulations required
additional analysis of
Olympic Sub Basin
treatment strategy
Water Self-
Sufficiency
Achieved (2023)
Figure 1: Self-Sufficiency Timeline
Discussion
Goals and Benefits of Water Self-Sufficiency
The proposed plan to meet the City’s self-sufficiency goal involves a combination of
demand reduction through various water conservation and efficiency programs and the
addition of local water supplies which will also provide the following benefits:
Long-term cost benefits to ratepayers by maximizing local water resources
Provide a more sustainable and drought-resilient water supply through a diversified
water supply portfolio
Reduce the City’s water supply energy footprint through conservation and locally
sourced water supplies
With imported water purchase costs from MWD expected to increase annually from 3 to
7 percent over the next 10 years, the primary focus of the updated SWMP was to
develop water self-sufficiency scenarios that are both sustainable and economical
compared to the continued purchase of imported water from MWD. Development of
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cost-effective local, sustainable, and drought resilient water supplies will provide Santa
Monica water ratepayers with cost benefits over the long-term and provide the City with
greater cost certainty on water rates compared to the continued purchase of imported
water from MWD.
Providing a sustainable and drought-resilient water supply through a diversified water
supply portfolio eliminates the City’s reliance on the purchase of imported water from
MWD and maintains reliable production during routine maintenance and unforeseen
downtimes of treatment equipment.
Lastly, maximizing local water resources instead of purch asing imported water from
MWD also has long-term environmental benefits for the community in terms of reduced
energy use and the associated reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, which support
Council’s goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 or sooner. The addition of
alternative water supplies, expansion of local groundwater supplies, and increased
conservation will result in a 25-30% reduction of total energy footprint from the City’s
water supply compared to continued purchase of imported water from MWD.
Marching Toward Water Self-Sufficiency
The City’s water supply portfolio has progressively transformed since 2011, with the
community making significant strides toward water self-sufficiency and reduced reliance
on the purchase of imported water to supplement local water resources as indicated in
Figure 2. In 2011, after completion of the Charnock Wellfield Restoration Project, the
City was able to meet approximately 51 percent (~6,700 acre -feet per year [AFY]) of its
water supply demand through local groundwater resources and reduce the purchase of
water from MWD, which is imported from Northern California and the Colorado River, to
approximately 48% (~6,400 AFY).
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Figure 2: Overview of City’s Water Supply Portfolio from 2011 through 2017
In 2015, the City and its residents responded to severe drought conditions throughout
California with conservation efforts that resulted in a decrease in the City’s total water
demand of 14,300 AFY in 2014 by about 17% (-2,500 AFY) to approximately 11,800
AFY by 2017. Santa Monica’s population grew by about 1.6% from 92,321 to 93,834
over the same period. Conservation efforts resulted in a decrease in average annual
water consumption, measured in gallons per capita per day (GPCD), from 140 GPCD to
approximately 110 GPCD as indicated in Figure 3 and continues today even after the
governor declared an end to the drought.
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Figure 3: Historical Population Growth versus Per Capita Water Consumption
From 2015 through 2017, the City was meeting approximately 50-56% of its water
supply demand through local water sources (7,400-8,200 AFY) and 26-29% through
water conservation (approximately 2,500 AFY), with the amount of imported water
purchased from MWD dropping to approximately 26 -29% (3,700-4,100 AFY). In 2017,
local groundwater supply temporarily decreased due to an extended shutdown
(approximately six months) of one well in the Charnock sub -basin for maintenance and
repair. The loss of a single well from the Charnock Sub-basin over the six-month period
and loss of approximately 800 AFY of groundwater production highlighted the need to
increase resiliency of the local water supply to maintain reliable production as the City
continues its march toward water self-sufficiency.
Refined SWMP Pathway to Achieve Water Self-Sufficiency
Additional analyses of various elements of the SWMP, as outlined at the January 9,
2018 City Council meeting, have been completed, and based on those analyses staff
now estimates that water self -sufficiency can be achieved by 2023. To achieve self-
sufficiency by 2023, staff is proposing to replace the purchase of imported water from
MWD (approximately 50% of the total water supply demand when self -sufficiency efforts
were initiated in 2011) with a comprehensive plan consisting of: 1) Component 1 -
continuing and increasing water conservation efforts to permanently reduce water
demand, 2) Component 2 - developing sustainable and drought resilient alternative
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water supplies, and 3) Component 3 - expanding local groundwater production within
sustainable yield limits.
The delay in achieving the City’s self-sufficiency goal from 2020 to 2023 is due to
several factors, including new regulations established by the State Water Resources
Control Board’s Division of Drinking Water (DDW) that required further analysis to
determine the level of treatment required for the Olympic Sub -basin, the project timeline
and permitting schedule for the SWIP project to recharge local groundwater aquifers
with purified water, and the need to confirm and refine preliminary SYA estimates with
additional data to establish an accurate estimate of the sustainable yield for the Santa
Monica Groundwater Basin.
The remainder of this staff report is organized as follows to provide detailed descriptions
of each component of the updated SWMP and its contribution/benefits toward the City’s
self-sufficiency goal:
Proposed Plan to Achieve Water Self-Sufficiency
SWMP Project Cost and Implementation Schedule
Funding Recommendations
Proposed Plan to Achieve Water Self-Sufficiency
A comprehensive plan was developed through the SWMP and comprises three
components that provide a path for the City to achieve water self -sufficiency by 2023.
The contribution of each proposed component to eliminate reliance on imported water
supply by 2023 is summarized in Figure 4 along with the percent contribution toward
replacing imported water purchases. In total, the three components: 1) conservation, 2)
alternative water supplies - production efficiency, recycled water, and purified water for
recharge, and 3) new local groundwater will contribute approximately 8,057 AFY toward
the City’s total water supply and reduce imported water purchase to only 170 AFY. A
brief description of each of the recommended components is provided below.
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New Local Groundwater,
2,100 AFY, 25%
Imported
Water (MWD),
170 AFY, 2%
Alternative Water Supply -
Purified Water (Recharge),
1,100 AFY
Alternative Water Supply -
Recycled Water , 560 AFYAlternative Water Supply
-Production Efficiency,
1,200 AFY
Conservation, 3,097 AFY, 38%
PROPOSED STRATEGIES TO REPLACE IMPORTED WATER SUPPLY (2023)
New Local Groundwater Imported Water (MWD)
Alternative Water Supply - Purified Water (Recharge)Alternative Water Supply - Recycled Water
Alternative Water Supply - Production Efficiency Conservation
Alternative Water Supply,
2,860 AFY, 35%
Figure 4: Summary of Proposed Components to Replace Imported Water Supply by 2023
Component 1 - Conservation (38% Reduction in Imported Water Purchases)
In 2014, Council authorized the significant expansion of staffing and funding to augment
the City’s water conservation efforts to address the state-wide drought and help the City
meet its self-sufficiency goal. This contributed to a water demand reduction of
approximately 20% over the past three years (2015 -2017), which equates to saving
approximately 2,500 AFY. Continued implementation of the existing conservation
programs with the addition of supplemental conservation efforts is expected to continue
this trend of water demand reduction through 2040, with the staff recommended Optimal
conservation plan which is described below. Continuation of existing, and
implementation of proposed, conservation programs are essential for the City to
eliminate reliance on imported water from MWD. The recommended Optimal
conservation plan will contribute approximately 3,100 AFY to the City’s water
supply portfolio in 2023 and reduce imported water purchases by roughly 38%.
Staff modeled three conservation plans (Optimal, Enhanced, and 90 GPCD), which are
presented in gallons per capita per day by 2025 and abbreviated as GPCD. The
Optimal Conservation Plan can be completed using existing budgeted resources and
would reduce the City’s total water demand by approximately 20%, even after factoring
in demand increases associated with expected population growth through 2025.
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Increasing conservation efforts from the Optimal to the Enhanced Plan would cost an
additional $7.2 million in total program cost, on top of the budget already allocated for
the Optimal Conservation Plan, but with a marginal increase in water conserved
(approximately 2% additional reduction in GPCD with the Enhanced Plan). The
enhanced conservation plan would still require approximately 3,500 to 3,700 AFY of
water that would need to be met through the purchase of imported water or from the
development of additional local water resources. With marginal gains from increased
conservation efforts compared to the additional implementation cost required, staff is
recommending continuing with the optimal conservation plan, which costs
approximately $708/AF of water saved.
A third, aggressive conservation plan was also studied following a request by the Task
Force on the Environment to evaluate the cost and feasibility of reducing city -wide water
demand to 90 GPCD by 2025. The assessment of the 90 GPCD Plan conducted by
staff concluded that reducing overall water demand to 90 GPCD would be extremely
costly and may not be feasible for implementation. The overall cost to implement this
plan would exceed $56.6 million, with $40 million of the cost incurred over the first five
years. In addition to the significant cost premium, this scenario would likely require
additional staffing and would be very challenging to achieve by 2025.
Staff met with industry experts to review and receive input on the City staff modeling of
proposed conservation programs. A panel of outside experts supported both the optimal
and enhanced conservation plans and the proposed programs that comprise them. A
summary of the conservation scenarios evaluated is provided in Table 1.
Table 1: Summary of Conservation Scenarios Considered
Description1 Conclusion Cost
Optimal,
108 GPCD
Best Conservation option
Does not achieve self-sufficiency
goal by itself but supports demand
reduction.
Within current operating budget
$708/AF (over 30 years) 2
Enhanced,
106 GPCD
Feasible but expensive compared to
Optimal Plan. Requires 1.5 new
staff for 10 years
$7.2 million increase in program
costs compared to Optimal
(2018-2023)
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Does not achieve self-sufficiency
goal
Not worth the incremental cost for a
2GPCD reduction.
137% increase in budgeted costs
(2018-2013)
$1,078/AF (over 30 years) 2
Aggressive,
90 GPCD
Potentially feasible but very
expensive, requires 2.5+ new staff
for 10 years
Does not achieve self-sufficiency
goal
$40.8M over the first five years;
$58.6 M 2019-2040,
800% increase in costs (2018-
2023) compared to Optimal
Scenario
~$1,280/AF (over 30 years)2
1GPCD based on water conservation efforts achieved as of 2025
2Excluding ongoing conservation staffing cost.
Due to conservation efforts since 2015, the City’s current water demand measured in
gallons per capita per day (GPCD) is approximately 110 GPCD. Staff also conducted a
theoretical exercise to determine what would be required for the City to become water
self-sufficient solely through conservation efforts (assuming no imported water and no
additional local water production). Results of that exercise indicated that the total per
capita water demand would need to be reduced to 64 GPCD. Staff consulted water
conservation experts, analyzed conservation efforts in other cities and evaluated
various local conservation scenarios and determined that attempting to achieve the self -
sufficiency goal through conservation alone (i.e. achieving 64 GPCD in Santa Monica) is
neither financially feasible nor realistic within the time horizon.
However, the community should be commended on the conservation efforts already
taken to reduce water demand and decrease imported water purchased from MWD.
Santa Monica is - and can be - a model for a new ethic of resource self-sufficiency and
environmental sustainability. The Council’s recent adoption of the 100% renewable
default rate for community electric supply represents this ethos of “living within our
means.” Conservation will continue to play a critical role in the City’s march toward
water self-sufficiency by continuing to reduce overall water demand in the face of
continued population growth from new housing and demand from the commercial and
institutional sectors of our local economy.
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Based on the modeling described above, staff recommends pursuing the Optimal
conservation plan, which continues the successful conservation programs initiated over
the past three years and increases water conservation in untapped areas such as:
Funding of retrofits in Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District facilities and
landscapes
Commercial sector fixture retrofits and enhanced rebates
Coin-operated laundry machine retrofits
Increase in Water Neutrality offsets and direct installs
Rebates for new technologies including gray and black water systems
Enhanced water conservation education and enforcement
Additional sustainable landscape conversions
Outreach to assist customers on how to properly adjust their irrigation timers
New marketing and outreach campaign focusing on instilling permanent
conservation behaviors consistent with the state’s forthcoming framework for
“Making Water Conservation a California Way of Life”
Incorporating limited-term employees as part of the permanent water conservation
team to ensure new state requirements and regulations are met, as well as
maintaining programs at an effective level
In developing the water conservation plan to reach and maintain self-sufficiency, the
City evaluated the potential for further water efficiency and conservation in all customer
sectors. This included an assessment of the current level of water fixtures in the city, as
well as identifying where the greatest opportunity for reducing water consumption
existed. Based on this analysis, a program plan was developed to reach the City’s long-
term objectives via existing and new conservation programs.
Table 2 shows the projects planned over the next five years including the number of
activities for each program such as number of rebates, consultations and direct
installation of water efficient fixtures to replace inefficient fixtures in existing buildings
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throughout the city. The projected number of activities is based on historical
participation, available market of opportunity, and strategic community engagement
campaigns to increase programs over multi-year periods. The table also includes the
estimated water savings and total costs from 2018 through 2023 when water self -
sufficiency is expected to be reached.
Table 2: Summary of Optimal Water Conservation Programs and Results
Measure Customer Class Total Activities
2018-2023
Total Water Savings (AF)
2018-2023
Rebates, Single Family
(i.e. clothes washers, landscape, soil sensors, toilets, irrigation)Single Family 4,660 286
Water Use Consultations, Single Family Single Family 720 58
Graywater System Incentive Single Family 60 1
Direct Installs, Single Family
(i.e. 0.80 gpf toilets, water neutrality) Single Family 0 0
Direct Installs, Multi-Family
(0.80 gpf and 1.06 or less gpf toilets)Multi-Family 3,750 124
Rebates, Multi-Family
(i.e. high-efficiency clothes washers, landscape, toilets)Multi-Family 1,475 94
Water Use Consultations, Multi-Family Multi-Family 750 90
School Education Program Institutional 2,090 14
Direct Installs, Santa Monica Malibu Unified School District
(i.e. 0.80 gpf and 0.125 gpf toilets and urinals, water neutrality) Institutional 537 9
Santa Monica Malibu Unified School District Weather Based
Irrigation Controller Incentive Institutional 22 21
Santa Monica Malibu Unified School District Landscape
Incentive Institutional 9 8
Rebates, Commercial & Institutional
(i.e. ice machines, toilets, urinals, toilets, irrigation)Commercial & Institutional 1,792 260
Direct Installs, Commercial & Institutional
(i.e. toilets and urinals) Commercial & Institutional 3,280 517
Water Use Consultations, Commercial & Institutional Commercial & Institutional 300 45
Performance Pays Commercial & Institutional 4 9
Soil Moisture Sensor Rebates Multi-Family, Commercial &
Institutional 75 7
Water Saving Devices - Faucet Aerators All 9,240 328
Water Saving Devices - Showerheads All 4,200 160
Community Outreach & Education All 16 1
Pilot Projects All 2 2
32,982 2,034Total
The financial summary of the Optimal Conservation Plan is provided in Table 3.
Table 3: Financial Summary of Optimal Water Conservation Plan
Average Water Savings (AFY)
610
Cost of Savings per Unit Volume ($/AF)
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$708
Modeling of the water conservation plan was purposefully conservative and only
includes expected water demand reductions directly related to City efforts. Therefore,
the projected demand reductions do not include the potential savings from efficiency
improvements in California State Plumbing Codes known as “passive conservation.”
Passive water conservation is achievable through non -City sponsored programs, such
as maximizing current plumbing code enforcement, landscape ordinances, natural
fixture replacement rates, as well as future local and state regulations and codes. This
includes the impact and enforcement of the legislation, California SB 407, requiring
noncompliant plumbing fixtures in any single-family residential and multi-family
residential, and commercial properties to be replaced by the property owner with water-
conserving plumbing fixtures.
Through the currently established programs, proposed new programs, and passive
conservation, it is estimated that the City can reach 99 GPCD by 2025 and 96 GPCD by
2030. These efforts would result in an estimated additional annual savings between 680
acre-feet (AF) per year by 2025 and as much as 1,000 AF per year in 2030. The City
allocates funding for conservation within the water fund annual operating budget; no
additional funding would be required to implement the Optimal Conservation Plan. Staff
will return during the Five-Year Rate Study to present long-term staffing options for the
recommended Optimal Conservation Program.
Component 2 - Alternative Water Supplies (35% Reduction in Imported Water
Purchases)
To further diversify the City’s water supply portfolio and increase overall resilience ,
three alternative water supply projects are proposed and collectively offset
imported water purchases from MWD by 35 percent (see Figure 4). These projects
include:
Increase recycled water production through the Sustainable Water Infrastructure
Project (SWIP), upgrading the existing Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling
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Facility (SMURRF) and constructing a new Advanced Water Purification Facility
(AWPF) that provides a drought resilient, local water supply. The increase in
recycled water production from SMURRF would offset imported water purchases
from MWD by approximately 4% (approximately 560 AFY).
Recharge local groundwater aquifers in the Olympic Sub-basin to maintain
sustainable yield pumping levels with purified water from the SWIP’s AWPF. The
purified water from the AWPF would offset imported water purchases from MWD by
approximately 7% (approximately 1,100 AFY).
Upgrade the City’s Arcadia Water Treatment Plant (WTP) with new technology to
increase overall production. Closed Circuit Reverse Osmosis (CCRO) would be
added to the Arcadia WTP to treat the Reverse Osmosis concentrate waste stream,
which is currently discharged to the sewer system, and increase the overall
treatment efficiency at the Arcadia WTP to approximately 90 percent, or greater. The
addition of CCRO at the Arcadia WTP would offset imported water purchases from
MWD by approximately 8% (approximately 1,200 AFY).
The SWIP project is a major component of the alternative water supply for the City as it
will provide a sustainable and drought resilient water supply by providing purified water
to recharge local groundwater aquifers. In return, the aquifer recharge that will be
provided by the SWIP will allow the City to maximize groundwater pumping, within
sustainable yield limits, from the Olympic Sub-basin.
Component 3 - New Local Groundwater Production (25% Reduction in Imported
Water Purchases)
To offset the remaining imported water purchased from MWD, local groundwater
production would need to be increased to reduce imported water purchases from
MWD by 25% and resiliency measures implemented to maintain reliable production.
Staff developed and analyzed seven scenarios to expand the City’s groundwater
production and carefully vetted each scenario internally and with outside industry
experts. The seven scenarios were compared based on project feasibility, capital, and
operation cost, and are summarized in Attachment C. All scenarios evaluated assume
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that the Optimal Conservation Plan is implemented. Of the seven scenarios evaluated,
Scenario 1 - Expansion of Arcadia WTP with Closed Circuit Reverse Osmosis (CCRO)
combined with a Separate Olympic Sub-basin Pipeline and Treatment at the Arcadia
WTP site is recommended. Scenario 1 combined with the Optimal Conservation Plan is
the most cost-effective solution to achieve self-sufficiency and maximize local water
resources. Scenario 1 includes the following elements:
Expansion of the Arcadia WTP, including CCRO technology (as discussed under
component 2 - alternative water supplies), to increase treatment capacity and
accommodate future 2040 water demands.
Acquisition of a new groundwater well to enhance resiliency.
Olympic Sub-basin Restoration:
o A new pipeline separating Olympic Sub-basin water, conveying it independently
to the Arcadia WTP, thus requiring a smaller treatment facility at the Arcadia
WTP to remove contaminants in the Olympic Sub-basin.
o Separate contamination treatment facility at the Arcadia WTP for the Olympic
basin.
Expansion at Arcadia WTP
To support development of alternative water supplies and restoration of the Olympic
Sub-basin, treatment capacity expansion and plant upgrades are required at the
Arcadia WTP to support an overall increase in water production and enhance resiliency
to achieve water self-sufficiency. The Arcadia WTP is currently capable of treating up to
approximately 11,300 AFY (10 million gallons per day [mgd]) and produce 9,900 AFY
(8.9 mgd) of treated water (approximately 82% recovery or efficiency). The proposed
expansion and addition of new technologies to increase production efficiency at the
Arcadia WTP will increase its treatment capacity to approximately 14,700 AFY (13 mgd)
and produce 13,400 AFY (12 mgd) of treated water (approximately 92% recovery or
efficiency). The proposed improvements for expanding production capacity at the
Arcadia WTP and enhancing water supply resiliency include:
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Acquire an additional groundwater well to enhance resiliency and maintain
production during routine maintenance or unforeseen downtimes of groundwater
wells, while aggressively pumping within the sustainable yield.
Install new CCRO to increase overall plant efficiency to 90 percent or greater (as
discussed previously under component 2 - alternative water supplies).
Expand capacity (e.g., pumps, blowers, cartridge filters, etc.) of the Arcadia WTP to
accommodate increased groundwater production and new technologies (e.g., CCRO
described in Component 2).
Olympic Sub-basin Restoration
The Olympic Sub-basin plays a key role in achieving the City’s water self -sufficiency
goal as it could provide up to 3,200 AFY of groundwater and is also the location where
purified water from the SWIP will be recharged to sustain this pumping rate. However,
the Olympic Sub-basin contains several contaminants that would require additional
treatment to meet drinking water standards. The key contaminants in the Olympic Sub -
basin include: 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP), 1,4-Dioxane, trichloroethylene
(TCE), and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Drinking water regulations, or maximum
contaminant levels (MCL), have been in place for TCE and PCE prior to January 2018,
and regulations for 1,2,3- TCP were established after January 2018 which required
further treatment analysis. 1,4-Dioxane is currently on the State of California’s drinking
water Notification Level (NL) list, which is a health-based advisory level and not an
MCL. It is anticipated that the NL of 1 microgram per liter (g/L) or part per billion (ppb)
for 1,4-Dioxane will likely become an MCL in the near future (within next 5 years).
Further analysis of treatment options for the Olympic Sub -basin was required due to a
recently established drinking water regulation that established a MCL for 1,2,3 TCP at 5
parts per trillion (ppt), and additional data on 1,4 Dioxane was available to refine the
treatment analysis to determine if the current 1 ppb NL (anticipated future MCL) could
be met once full production of the Olympic Sub-basin is restored. The Olympic Sub-
basin treatment analysis was performed by an outside consultant, Black & Veatch. Key
findings of the treatment analysis are listed below:
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1,2,3-TCP was only detected at one well, SM-4, and the MCL of 5 ppt could be met
through blending with other wells at full production capacity.
1,4-Dioxane is present in all three wells (two existing and one future) and could limit
groundwater production from the Olympic Sub-basin to 845 AFY or approximately
25% of the basin’s total sustainable yield.
Other contaminants, TCE and PCE, do not impact groundwater production from the
Olympic Sub-basin as they would be removed through existing treatment processes
at the Arcadia WTP.
To maximize groundwater production from the Olympic Sub-basin and comply with
regulation on the key contaminants of concern, the following improvements are
recommended:
Increase groundwater pumping from existing wells (SM -3 and SM-4), complete
equipping and permitting of one recently installed new well (SM-8) and install a
replacement well (SM-9) to increase local production from this sub-basin to ~3,200
AFY within sustainable yield levels. Please note that purified water from the SWIP
will be used to recharge the Olympic Sub-basin that helps maintain the sustainable
yield levels by supplementing naturally available groundwater within the sub -basin.
Design and procurement efforts are currently underway, and the well projects were
previously approved by Council in the FY 19-20 Capital Improvement Budget.
Construct a new pipeline to separate Olympic Sub-basin groundwater from
Charnock wellfield groundwater for separate treatment at the Arcadia WTP, primarily
to target removal of 1,4 Dioxane. This reduces the amount of water needing
treatment since only the Olympic Sub-basin flows (3,200 AFY) contain 1,4 Dioxane.
If the flows are not separated, 14,700 AFY (Olympic + Charnock) would need to be
treated.
Construct a new contamination treatment facility for only the Olympic Sub -basin
flows to remove 1,4 Dioxane, 1,2,3-TCP, TCE, and PCE at the Arcadia WTP site.
The proposed treatment train consists of the ultraviolet light advanced oxidation
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process and granular activated carbon. With the new contamination treatment facility
and increased production efficiency (90-92% recovery) at the Arcadia WTP,
approximately 2,900 AFY of treated water will be produced from the 3,200 AFY
extracted from the Olympic Sub-basin. The new contamination treatment facility will
provide high-quality drinking water that meets current and future regulatory
standards.
Sustainable Yield Update
The sustainable yield from the Santa Monica Groundwater Basin is a critical component
to ensure overall groundwater production is within sustainable limits of the basin and
could support the proposed projects described above on an ongoing basis. A
preliminary Sustainable Yield Analysis, (SYA), prepared by Richard C. Slade &
Associates (Slade) in 2017, was presented to Council in January 2018. Since then,
additional work was performed to refine and update the SYA. Additional work included
the Coastal Sub-basin Exploratory Boring Program and a digital elevation mapping
study that analyzed the potential recharge from the nearby mountain front. The updated
report contains findings from this recently completed work as well as 2017 data
regarding rainfall, geology, static water levels in key wells, and groundwater withdrawals
from active City wells and other known private well owners (Attachment D). The
updated SYA estimate from Slade’s analysis for the Santa Monica Basin is between
11,800 and 14,725 AFY.
To substantiate the assessment conducted by Slade, City staff contracted with
consultants from ICF to perform a separate estimate of the sustainable yield using a
water-balance approach. This method compares the amount of water that recharges
into a basin (inflow) from a wide range of sources (natural and anthropogenic), with the
amount of water leaving the basin (outflow) from losses caused by pumping,
evapotranspiration, basin outflow, etc. ICF’s assessment also considered findings from
both the digital elevation mapping and Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture
Radar Study (DInSAR) studies, presented to Council in January 2018. Based on ICF’s
water-balance approach, average sustainable yield was estimated to be between
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11,416 AFY to 13,722 AFY. The similarity of the sustainable yield estimates developed
by Slade and ICF using different modeling methods provide a strong level of confidence
that the City can use local groundwater resources in an ongoing manner into the future
without negatively impacting the basin or creating overdraft conditions.
It should be noted that the estimates developed by Slade and ICF are conservative and
do not include a sustainable yield estimate for the Crestal Sub-basin. In addition, all
estimates of sustainable yield are transitory due to myriad associated climatic and
hydrogeologic factors that are constantly in flux. The State legislature enacted the
Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (Water Code sections 10720 et
seq.)("SGMA"), which became effective on January 1, 2015. A portion of the 50 -square
mile Santa Monica Basin that underlies Santa Monica has been designated by the
Department of Water Resources as a "medium-priority" groundwater basin. Any
groundwater basin designated as medium -priority must be managed under a
groundwater sustainability plan (“GSP”) adopted by a local groundwater sustainability
agency and approved by the Department, by January 31, 2022. In light of SGMA,
further analysis will be required to determine if future demand will exceed what could be
sustainably pumped from the basin. If it is determined that the City’s plans to extract
more groundwater is not supported in the approved draft of the GSP, then the City may
be precluded from withdrawing groundwater in excess of the then -projected sustainable
yield and the City would need to continue purchasing imported water from MWD to meet
its potable water demand. The potential limitations on future groundwater withdrawals
from the City’s active sub-basins indicate that the City’s approach of pursuing
nonconventional resources, indirect potable reuse via aquifer recharge, additional water
supply wells in the Coastal sub-basin, replacement of underperforming wells, increasing
treatment efficiency at the Arcadia Water Treatment Plant, and continuing conservation
efforts are necessary for the City to achieve and sustain its long-term objective of
independence from imported water. Future updates of the SYA and numerical models
will further refine the sustainable yield for the basin. Going forward, the City is planning
to update the SYA approximately every two to three years. Future updates will include
additional findings from work being conducted jointly with the US Geo logical Survey
(USGS) and an ongoing climate stress test evaluation by the Rand Corporation. The
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City plans to produce groundwater within the upper limit of the estimated sustainable
yield, while taking into consideration two irrigation pumpers in the Arca dia Sub-basin
and one in the Crestal in addition to one diminutive residential irrigation well.
Summary of Proposed Plan to Achieve Water Self-Sufficiency
The three components proposed in the SWMP will help the City achieve water self -
sufficiency by 2023 and eliminate the City’s reliance on imported water purchases from
the MWD. The projected makeup of the City’s water supply portfolio is summarized in
Figure 5, and contribution from each component to the City’s total water supply is
provided in Table 4. The location for each of the three components is provided in Figure
6, and the synergy and inter-relationship between each component is illustrated in
Figure 7. Achieving water self-sufficiency through a diversified water supply portfolio
also provides the City with greater cost control over water rates as compared to the
continued purchase of imported water from the MWD. As noted previously,
approximately 1 percent of the water supply would continue to be made up of imported
water purchased from the MWD as periodic circulation is required to maintain the supply
line as an emergency backup for the City.
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New Local
Groundwater
13%
Imported Water
(MWD)
1%Alternative Water
Supply -Purified
Water (Recharge)
Alternative
Water Supply -
Recycled Water
Alternative Water Supply -
Production Efficiency
Conservation
20%
Local Groundwater
47%
WATER SELF-SUFFICIENCY BY 2023
New Local Groundwater Imported Water (MWD)
Alternative Water Supply - Purified Water (Recharge)Alternative Water Supply - Recycled Water
Alternative Water Supply - Production Efficiency Conservation
Local Groundwater
Alternative
Water Supply
19%
Figure 5: A Sustainable and Drought Resilient Water Supply Portfolio Achieved through Self
Sufficiency
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Table 4: Summary of Water Supply Contribution from Each Self-Sufficiency Component
Water Self Sufficiency Component Estimated
Water Supply
Contribution
by 2023 (AFY)
%
Reduction
in Imported
Water
Estimated
$/AFY
Component 1 - Conservation
Optimal Conservation Plan 3,100 38% $708
Component 2 – Alternative Water Supplies
Recycled Water from SMURRF 560 7% $4201
Purified Water from SWIP to
Recharge Olympic Sub-basin
1,100 13% $1,0171
Increase Production Efficiency at
Arcadia WTP
1,200 15% $1,0711
Component 3 – New Local Groundwater Production
Arcadia WTP Expansion and
Resiliency Enhancement2
N/A N/A $7051
Olympic Sub-basin Restoration 2,100 26% N/A3
Subtotal 8,060 99%
Existing Water Resources
Existing Local Groundwater
(2023 projected costs)
7,330 $1,100
Imported Water from MWD
(to maintain for emergency use, 2023
projected costs)
170 $1,248
Subtotal 7,500
TOTAL WATER
RESOURCES (2023)
15,560
1Estimated year 1 cost when project is complete and includes savings from avoided imported water
purchase cost
2Aracadia WTP upgrades to accommodate increase in production efficiency and Olympic Sub-basin
Restoration
3Olympic Sub-basin Restoration will be paid for through settlement funds
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•Olympic Sub-Basin Restoration
•Recharge with SWIP
•Production Efficiency and Capacity
Expansion at Arcadia WTP
•Separate Olympic Pipeline +
New Treatment
•CBI Tank
•SWIP
Well Acquisition to
Enhance Resiliency
Figure 6: Project Locations of Proposed SWMP Component Toward Self-Sufficiency
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Figure 7: Synergy between Proposed Water Supply Components to Achieve Self-Sufficiency
SWMP Cost Summary and Implementation Schedule
A cost summary for the proposed SWMP components to achieve self -sufficiency by
2023 is provided in Table 5. The funding required to complete the capital projects
increasing local water supplies and enhance water supply resiliency is $38 million. A
Five-Year Rate Study (2020-2024) is currently underway and will present funding
solutions to cover these costs. It is projected that the components of the proposed
SWMP may be funded primarily through the issuance of water revenue bonds
(approximately $34.75 million), with the debt service on the bonds incorporated into
water rates, and from a contribution from the Wastewater Fund (approximately $3.25
million). Staff will return to Council in spring 2019 for a rate study session. An additional
$64 million from existing water-contamination settlement funds would be used for
restoring the Olympic Sub-basin, which would allow additional water production from
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that sub-basin to support water self-sufficiency. The Olympic Sub-basin restoration cost
includes an approximate, one-time $20 million capital expenditure for treatment systems
and 30 years of ongoing operation and maintenance for an additional $20 million. Based
on current modeling projections by ICF, over 80% of the Olympic Sub-basin will be
remediated within the first 30 years; however, the Sub -basin may not be completely
restored. Thus, the remaining balance in the settlement fund ($24 million) should be
reserved to address any contamination that may still be present after 30 years or any
new regulations that may impact use of the Olympic Sub-basin. A more detailed
discussion on recommended budget appropriations is provided below.
Table 5: SWMP Cost Summary for Proposed Components to Achieve Self-Sufficiency
Unfunded Projects Additional Cost
Arcadia WTP: Expand Capacity and Production Efficiency
Enhancement
$30M
Additional Well and Improvements: Increase Resiliency and
Ground Water Production
$8M
Olympic Sub-basin Restoration, Capital Improvements and 30
years of Operations and Maintenance
$40M
Olympic Sub-basin Restoration Reliability Reserve $24M
Total: $102M
Implementing the SWMP and reaching water self-sufficiency by 2023 entails numerous
capital projects that are interrelated. An overview of the proposed implementation
schedule is provided in Figure 8. Several well projects (SM-8, SM-9 and injection well)
were approved by Council on July 11, 2017 and on June 12, 2018 and are on track to
be completed by 2021 (Attachments E and F, respectively). A portion of the projects are
in the City of Los Angeles and require installation of pipelines. Construction and
permitting of pipelines in the City of Los Angeles will take time and was considered in
the schedule. The design, construction, and permitting of improvements at the Arcadia
WTP, including efficiency upgrades, are expected to be completed in 2023 if
procurement starts in December 2018. A schedule contingency of approximately six
months has been included to account for unforeseen conditions or new regulations that
could impact the plan implementation.
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Figure 8: Proposed Implementation Schedule to Achieve Self -Sufficiency by 2023
Alternatives to Water Self-Sufficiency
The proposed SWMP components summarized above are a considerable investment
towards the City’s future resiliency and achieving water self-sufficiency by 2023. In
consideration of the capital investment and impacts to water rates, staff has also
evaluated potential alternatives to reduce capital expenditures to potentially provide
relief to potential water rate increases (to be confirmed in the Five-Year Rate Study for
2020-2024). A summary of potential alternatives that may reduce upfront capital
investment compared to the proposed water self-sufficiency plan is provided in Table 6.
The capital cost summarized in Table 6 for each alternative is the capital cost that
needs to be funded and does not include the $64 million in settlement funds that will be
used for the Olympic Sub-basin restoration. For all alternatives, it is assumed that the
Olympic Sub-basin restoration will be implemented. A brief description on which
component is implemented and its associated capital cost to be funded is provided.
Staff also considered delaying self-sufficiency goal to beyond 2023 and delaying capital
expenditures to ease rate increase over the next five years. However, delaying
implementation may result in increasing overall project cost due to inflation and negate
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any potential up front capital savings. The alternatives summarized in Table 6 only
consider reduction in upfront capital cost and do not include projected increase of
imported water purchase from MWD (estimated to be at 5% annual increase), which will
ultimately be more expensive than locally produced water.
Table 6: Summary of Alternatives Considered for Self-Sufficiency
Alt. No. Alternatives
Description
Capital
Cost3
Locally Sourced
Water +
Conservation
Imported
Water
Purchase
from MWD
Staff
Recommended
Plan
99% water self-
sufficiency1 Component
1 - Conservation
Component 2 -
Alternative Water
Supplies Component 3 -
New Local Groundwater
$38M 11,730 AFY
(Existing Arcadia
WTP + Olympic)
3,100 AFY
(Conservation)
560 AFY
(Recycled
Water)2
170 AFY
1 87% water self-
sufficiency1 Implement
only SWIP and Olympic
Sub-Basin Restoration.
Acquire new well to
enhance resiliency at
Arcadia WTP. No
expansion and
production efficiency
enhancements at Arcadia
WTP
$8M 9,900 AFY
(Existing Arcadia
WTP + Olympic)
3,100 AFY
(Conservation)
560 AFY
(Recycled
Water)2
2,000 AFY
2 90% water self-
sufficiency1 Implement
SWIP, Olympic
restoration, and
expansion at Arcadia
WTP. No production
efficiency enhancements
at Arcadia WTP. Results
in loss and negative
impact to treatment
resiliency.
$21M 10,500 AFY
(Existing Arcadia
WTP + Olympic)
3,100 AFY
(Conservation)
560 AFY
(Recycled
Water)2
1,400 AFY
3 94% water self-
sufficiency1 Implement
SWIP, Olympic
Restoration, expansion
$30M 10,900 AFY
(Arcadia WTP +
Olympic) 3,100
AFY
1,000 AFY
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and production efficiency
upgrades at Arcadia
WTP. Do not acquire a
new well to enhance
resiliency.
(Conservation)
560 AFY
(Recycled
Water)2
1Percentages are based on year 2023 projected demand. 2560AFY of recycled water to be available in
2023, but actual usage of full capacity may not be until 2040. 3Excluding Olympic Sub-Basin restoration cost,
which is funded through settlement funds and SWIP capital costs as it is already funded through a low
interest loan from the State of California.
The alternatives evaluated by staff are simply presented as scenarios to reduce capital
expenditures over the next five years but does not provide a complete solution to
achieve the City’s water self-sufficiency goal.
Funding Recommendations to Achieve Water Self-Sufficiency
A financial analysis for the plan outlined in this report to achieve water self-sufficiency
was conducted by staff. The financial analysis includes comparing the future cost of
imported water to the projected cost of locally produced water over a 30 -year period.
This analysis excluded the Olympic Sub-basin restoration costs, as the recommended
funding source would be from groundwater settlement funds received by the City from
outside sources to cover the costs for remediating the contaminants in that sub -basin. In
summary, locally produced water from the recommended SWMP components outlined
in this report is projected to cost between $400/AFY to $1,100/AFY, which is less than
the expected cost to purchase imported water from the MWD at $1248/AFY in 2023.
Please refer to Table 5, presented previously, for a detailed breakdown on the cost per
acre-foot for each local water supply component. A comparison of the projected cost
differential between the purchase of imported water from the MWD and production of
locally produced water is provided in Table 7. With locally produced water cheaper than
imported water costs, the components outlined in the SWMP to achieve water self -
sufficiency by 2023 are a positive investment toward the future of the City. Ratepayers
will benefit from the implementation of these projects, thus keeping local water costs low
compared to the ongoing cost increases for imported water. Not only does the proposed
SWMP provide a sustainable and drought resilient water supply for the City, it would
also benefit the ratepayers with greater control over future water rates compared with
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imported water rates that are projected to increase at a higher rate and are outside the
City’s control.
Table 7: Future Estimated Imported Water Cost (increased at 5%) Compared to Projected
Locally Produced Water Cost. Assuming Efficiency (CCRO) technology is installed and
2,800AFY is produced.
As noted previously, staff recommends a combination of bonding and use of settlement
funds to fund the capital projects supporting water self-sufficiency and the Olympic Sub-
basin restoration.
Water Revenue Bond: A rate study is currently being conducted through October 2019
to set water and wastewater rates for calendar years 2020 to 2024. The rate study will
address options to support the costs of this plan. A possible funding solution, to be
confirmed in the rate study, is the issuing of a 30-year water revenue bond totaling
approximately $34.75 million to increase local water supplies and enhance resiliency as
outlined in the SWMP. The remaining $3.25 million would be contributed from the
Wastewater Fund due to joint property use. The $34.75 million in bonds would cover
new well acquisition, treatment capacity expansion and implementation of new
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technologies to enhance production efficiency at the Arcadia WTP, and other supporting
infrastructure upgrades. The Water Fund would need to cover an annual payment of
approximately $2.2 million over the next 30 years to fund the projects outlined in the
SWMP. Assuming a bond is issued, Figure 9 illustrates projected annual savings from
avoiding imported water purchases and estimated annual bond repayments. In year
2036, where the two lines cross, the City will start saving money for rate payers on an
annual basis. This analysis assumes imported water cost from MWD will increase at an
annual rate of 5%. The total money borrowed is estimated to be offset by cumulative
savings in the year 2048.
Figure 9: City’s Projected Annual Savings due to Local Water Production in lieu of Import
Water Purchases, compared to the Payments (debt service) for a 30 Year Bond.
Settlement Funds Usage - The current balance of Gillette/Boeing funds available to
program is $64.1 million. This balance includes $11.1 million transferred and currently
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available in the W ater Fund as authorized by Council on January 9, 2018 and $53.0
million in the General Fund. Staff recommends transferring $53.0 million from the
General Fund to the Water Fund to be used to restore the Olympic Sub -basin.
Additionally, to satisfy the settlement agreement, Boeing still owes the City three
payments totaling $11.0 million. Staff recommends depositing these funds directly into
the Water Fund.
Approximately $20 million would be used to construct a new treatment facility to remove
the contaminants currently present in the sub-basin and $20 million would be reserved
for operation and maintenance costs of the treatment facility related to restoration of the
Olympic Sub-basin over a 30-year period. Due to uncertainty with the Olympic Sub -
basin restoration after 30 years, staff recommends setting aside the remaining $24
million of Gillette/Boeing funds as a reliability reserve. The remaining $11.0 million that
has been previously transferred to the Water Fund, is currently being used for
groundwater modeling, monitoring, and reporting in support of Olympic Sub-basin
remediation.
With the proposed injection of advanced purified water from the SWIP into the Olympic
Sub-basin, staff will revisit this timeframe and report back to Council in the future o nce
recharge operation begins.
Grants - Staff will identify and apply for state and/or federal grants to help offset the $38
million capital investment and return to Council in early 2019 with resolutions required
for grant applications if available for the proposed projects. Staff has engaged a grant
consultant to assist in the process. Grants being considered are:
MWD, Local Resources Program
California Department of Water Resources, Water Quality, Supply, and
Infrastructure Improvement Act of 2014 (Proposition 1).
Previously Authorized Water Rate Increase
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On February 24, 2015, the City Council adopted Resolution Number 10867 (CCS) to
authorize water rate increases over a five-year period, beginning March 1, 2015.
The five-year water increase schedule was adopted after Council’s consideration of a
rate study conducted by Kennedy Jenks Consultants. Resolution Number 10867 (CCS)
also contained a provision, giving Council flexibility to approve a suspension of each
annual increase, in whole or part, beginning with the 9% scheduled increase for January
1, 2016. This resolution was adopted without a majority protest, following a noticed
public hearing in accordance with Proposition 218. Since adoption of this resolution,
Council has partially suspended the full increases authorized for 2016-2018, and
instead approved 5% increases for each of those years due to:
Actual water sales revenues exceeded expectations during 2015 to 2017.
Actual operating and capital expenditures lower than expected. Resu lting savings
were applied to conservation programs, water main replacements and partially
suspending planned 9% annual rate increases to more modest 5% increases.
State of the Water Fund and Forthcoming 2019 Rate Adjustment Justification
Staff will return to Council on January 8, 2019 for a public hearing and to obtain
authorization for the full 9% water rate increase previously approved by Council on
February 24, 2015 for calendar year 2019. If approved this would result in a monthly
increase of $4.33 to average single-family customer. This is the final year of a five-year
rate adjustment cycle approved via resolution as mentioned above.
A summary of rate increases from 2015 is provided in Table 8.
Table 8: Rate Increase History
Calendar
Year
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Effective Date March 1,
2015
January
1, 2016
January 1,
2017
January 1,
2018
January 1,
2019
Maximum
Authorized
Increase
9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
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Actual
Increase*
9% 5% 5% 5% 9%**
Date Actual
Increase
Authorized
February
24, 2015
February
23, 2016
November 22,
2016
January 9,
2018
**public
hearing on
January 8,
2019
The full implementation of the 9% previously authorized adjustment would be sufficient
to allow the City to:
A) Deliver potable water to Santa Monica customers reliably, safely and sustainably
in compliance with federal and state regulations.
B) Fund operating and capital budgets that are necessary to implement the City's
self-sufficiency goals to encourage water conservation and sustainability, as
contemplated in the City's 2014 water rate analysis.
C) Continue to implement infrastructure improvements associated with replacing
aging existing infrastructure facilities comprised of water mainlines that are
approaching the end of their useful lives.
The 9% rate increase would provide sufficient funding to complete the following capital
projects as contemplated in the City's 2014 water rate analysis and to continue progress
toward the City’s water self-sufficiency goal:
1. Additional capacity improvements, which include Preliminary Design for the
Arcadia Treatment Capacity Expansion and Enhancement Project - $3.18 million
in FY 2018-19. As noted in the prior section, the design would upgrade pumps,
blowers, cartridge filters, and other equipment at the treatment plant to
accommodate increased groundwater production and new technologies. The
design would also incorporate a new process (CCRO) to increase overall plant
efficiency to 90% or greater (as discussed previously under component 2 -
alternative water supplies.
2. New Groundwater Resiliency Well - $6,825,000 in FY 2018-19 for acquisition of a
new groundwater well to enhance resiliency. Also limit future exposure to
imported water.
3. Water Main Replacement Cost Escalation - an increase of $2,000,000 starting in
FY 19-20. The rate increase is necessary to fund the sharp increase observed in
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water main replacement construction costs. Water main contract awards in 2017
and 2018 have returned bids of $600 to $700 per linear foot in the current high -
cost construction environment. These costs have increased from a prior $400 per
linear foot estimate. The budget was established at $4 million per year. However,
staff is now estimating a need of $6 million per year to implement the
recommended 100-year water main replacement cycle (2 miles replaced per year
for the City’s 205-mile water main system. Maintaining a $4 million per year
budget would only yield replacement of 1.1 to 1.25 miles of pipeline per year,
thus increasing the replacement cycle from 100 years to approximately 160 to
190 years. Staff recommends staying on a 100-year replacement cycle to
maintain operational reliably.
Council approval of the full 9% rate increase would also help fund the following
ongoing operational expenditures:
1) Metropolitan Water District (MWD) of Southern California - $5 million per year
from FY 2020-21 to FY 2022-23 (additional $8.7 million) to ensure sufficient
funding for imported water deliveries prior to achieving water self -sufficiency.
2) City Yards Master Plan - Required contribution from the Water Fund for
upgrades to City Yards - $4 million modeled, actual costs to be determined.
As noted above, staff will return to Council on January 8, 2019 with a recommendation
that Council adopt the full 9% rate increase for calendar year 2019 as previously
authorized in 2015. The staff report will include a detailed justification for the 9% rate
increase as well as a 10-year fund forecast, cost comparison with other water agencies
and an analysis of impacts to ratepayers.
Funding Summary
Table 9 provides a summary of funding recommendations to implement the SWMP. As
noted above, staff also recommends that Council approve funding for three Capital
Improvement Program (CIP) projects, which would commence in FY 2018 -19:
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Arcadia Capacity Expansion and Enhancement Project, Preliminary Design
($3,180,000)
New Groundwater Resiliency Well ($6,825,000)
Olympic Wellfield Restoration Design ($1,800,000).
Table 9: Funding Summary
Settlement
Funds
Available for
current
remediation
and O&M for
next 30 years
Settlement
Funds
Available for
Future Reserve
(Olympic sub-
basin
Restoration)
Water
Bond
Amount
(pending
ongoing rate
study)
Est. Annual
Bond Payment
(30 yrs):
$40 million $24 million $34.75 million $2.2 million
Task Force on the Environment and Water Advisory Committee Actions
Findings of the Sustainable Yield Analysis, Sustainable Water Master Plan Update and
proposed projects, cost and schedules were presented to the Task Force on the
Environment on March 19, June 18, and October 15 and to the Task Force on the
Environment Water Subcommittee on November 19, 2018. Similar updates were
presented to the Water Advisory Committee on March 5, May 7, June 4, September 5
and November 5, 2018.
Rate Adjustment recommendations were presented to the Water Advisory Committee
on November 5, 2018 and at a Task Force on the Environment Water Subcommittee on
November 19, 2018. The Water Subcommittee strongly supports the Sustainable Water
Master Plan Update and staff’s recommendations.
Financial Impacts and Budget Actions
Approval of the recommended action requires the following:
1. Appropriations to the FY 2018-19 Capital Improvement Program in the Water
Fund:
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Account Number Amount
C5007740.689000 - Arcadia Capacity Expansion and
Enhancement Project, Preliminary Design
$3,180,000
C5007750.689000 - Olympic Wellfield Restoration Design $1,800,000
C5007760.689000 - New Groundwater Resiliency Well $3,575,000
Total $8,555,000
2. An appropriation to the FY 2018-19 Capital Improvement Program in the
Wastewater Fund
C5107760.689000 - New Groundwater Resiliency Well, Property
Joint Use.
$3,250,000
Total $3,250,000
3. $53 million cash transfer of Gillette/Boeing settlement funds from the General
Fund to the Water Fund and the corresponding release of the remaining fund
balance in General Fund account 1.380237. The cash will be recorded in an
interest earning restricted cash account in the Water Fund, Olympic Wellfield
Remediation account 50.102442.
4. Transfer of two remediation capital projects, appropriated in previous fiscal years
and funded with Gillette/Boeing funds, from the General Fund to the Water Fund
to consolidate all budgeted Olympic restoration projects in the Water Fund.
General Fund Account Number Proposed Water Fund
Account
Amount
C019045.589000 Olympic Sub-basin
Remediation
C5005880.689000 $1,909,732
C019067.589000 Olympic Sub-basin Well
Hydrology
C5006050.689000 $1,946,407
5. The following budget items related to Gillette/Boeing water mediation settlement
funds were previously taken by Council:
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On January 9, 2018, Council authorized staff to make an $11,100,000
transfer of Gillette/Boeing settlement funds from the General Fund to the
Water Fund for ongoing and future remediation costs associated with polluted
groundwater in the Olympic Wellfield (Attachment B). Staff transferred these
funds to account 25695.570080 in FY 2017 -18.
On June 12, 2018, Council approved a FY 2018 -19 transfer of $2,300,000 of
Gillette/Boeing water mediation settlement funds from the General Fund to
the Water Fund (Attachment F). This transfer was to fund the projects for the
Olympic Wellfield remediation appropriated in the FY 2018-19 Capital
Improvement Program.
Account Number Amount
C5007460.689410 City / USGS Monitoring Well & Numerical Flow
Model
$1,800,000
C5007260.689410 Redrill Santa Monica Well #3 $500,000
Total $2,300,000
6. Future Gillette/Boeing settlement funds are to be deposited in the Water Fund,
and a corresponding receivable shall be established. The liability associated with
current and future pollution remediation utilizing Gillette/Boeing funds will be
recorded in the Water Fund.
Prepared By: Alex Nazarchuk, Interim Water Resources Manager
Approved
Forwarded to Council
Attachments:
A. October 28, 2014 Staff Report (Web Link)
B. January 9, 2018 Staff Report
C. Summary of Water Self-Sufficiency Scenarios to Expand Groundwater
Production
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D. Updated Preliminary Sustainable Yield Analysis
E. July 11, 2017 Staff Report (Web Link)
F. June 12, 2018 Staff Report (Web Link)
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5.B.b
Packet Pg. 130 Attachment: KJ OaksInitiative-PC (5559 : Award RFP #2678 to Kennedy Jenks for Design Injection well SM-11i & SM-12i)
5.B.b
Packet Pg. 131 Attachment: KJ OaksInitiative-PC (5559 : Award RFP #2678 to Kennedy Jenks for Design Injection well SM-11i & SM-12i)
Item 5B
Award RFP to Kennedy Jenks Consultants, Inc.
for Groundwater Wells Engineering Design
Services
City Council Meeting
May 23, 2023
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2
Proposed Groundwater Recharge Well Locations
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CEQA Amendment (April 2022)
•REMOVED Groundwater
Recharge Well and Recycled
Water Pipeline at Ishihara Park
•Relocated Groundwater
Recharge Well sites to within
City Yards
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CEQA Amendment (April 2022)
5.B.c
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THANK YOU
5.B.c
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