sr-102610-3bCity Council Meeting: October 26, 2010
Agenda Item: ~'~
To: Mayor and City Council
From: Susan Cline, Acting Director of Public Works
Subject: Report on Water Quality and Public Health Goals
Recommended Action
Staff recommends that the City Council:
1. Concur that the following two recommended actions related to the City's 2010
report on water quality are exempt from review pursuant to the California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines Section 15061 (b).
2. Conduct a public hearing for the purpose of accepting and receiving public
comments on the attached City of Santa Monica Report on Water Quality
Relative to Public Health Goals (Attachment A).
3. Accept the attached report.
Executive Summary
Provisions of the California Health and Safety Code Section 116470 require public
water systems serving more than 10,000 customers to prepare a report every three
years that includes information on the detection of any elements in the water at levels
above Public Health Goals (PHGs) or the equivalent Maximum Contaminant Level
Goals (MCLGs). PHGs are adopted by the State Office of Environmental Health
Hazard Assessment. and MCLGs are set by the United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). A public hearing is required to accept and receive public comments on
the report.
Staff has prepared the attached report (Attachment A) to provide information on the
quality of its drinking water supply relative to adopted PHGs and MCLGs.
Discussion
The California Department of Public Health and the EPA are responsible for setting
regulations and drinking water standards and goals. Drinking water goals include PHGs
and MCLGs. PHGs are set by the State Office of Environmental Health Hazard
Assessment and they are the recommended target levels. MCLGs are set by EPA and
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are the levels of contaminants in drinking water below which there is no known or
expected risk to public health. Both PHGs and MCLGs are not water quality standards
and they are not required to be met by any public water system. PHGs and MCLGs are
goals identifying extremely small risks. These are risks when, normally assessed, one
person in one million would be at risk to a contaminant based on assessments made
using assumptions and theoretical extrapolations.
Drinking water standards are referenced as Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and
Notification Levels (NLs). MCLs are the highest level of a contaminant allowed in
drinking water. They are set as closely to PHGs and MCLGs as economically and
technically feasible. MCLs are enforceable water quality standards that public water
systems must meet. NLs are the concentrations of a contaminant which, if exceeded,
triggers treatment or other requirements that public water system must follow. The
City's drinking water supply complies with all Federal and State drinking water
standards.
The attached report (Attachment A) has been prepared pursuant to the requirements of
the State Health and Safety Code. The report compares the quality of the City's
groundwater and imported supplies with PHGs and MCLGs. The water quality of the
City's water system complies with all of the health-based drinking water standards
established by the California Department of Public Health and EPA. Substances in the
City's water supply are below the applicable MCLs required by these regulatory
agencies. Copies of the report are available for public review at the City Clerk's office,
the Water Resources Division office, the Main Library, and online at the Water
Resources' homepage.
Environmental Analysis
The City of Santa Monica Report on Water Quality Relative to Public Health Goals is
categorically exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) as a Class 8
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exemption (Section 15308 of the CEQA Guidelines), actions by regulatory agencies for
the protection of the environment.
Financial Impacts & Budget Actions
There is no budget/financial impact associated with the recommended actions.
Prepared by: Gil Borboa, P.E., Water Resources Manager
Approved:
Acting Director of Public Works
Forwarded to Council:
--`°°,
~._
-~~ `ay b
Rod Gould
City Manager
Attachments:
A -City of Santa Monica Report on Water Quality and Public Health Goals, June 2010
B -Summary of City of Santa Monica Report on Water Quality and Public Health Goals
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ATTACHMENT A
CITY OF SANTA MONICA
REPORT ON WATER QUALITY
RELATIVE TO PUBLIC HEALTH GOALS
June 2010
The California legislatute has established the concept of a Public Health Goal (PHG).
PHGs are established by the California Environmental Protection Agency (CaUEPA)
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). A PHG is a health risk
assessment, not a proposed drinking water standard. It is the level of a contaminant in
drinking water, which is considered not to pose a significant risk to health if consumed
for a lifetime. This determination is made without regard to cost or treatability. The
California Department of Public Health (CDPH) uses PHGs in the evaluation of health-
related drinking water standards, known as Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs).
CDPH uses PHGs to identify MCLs that are to be reviewed for possible revision or
when setting new MCLs for unregulated chemicals.
Provisions of the California Health arid Safety Code Section 116470(b) (Exhibit A)
requires that large water utilities (>10,000 service connections) prepare a special report
by July 1, 2010 if their waterquality measurements have exceeded any PHGs in the
three previous calendar years. The law also requires that where OEHHA has not
adopted a PHG for a contaminant, the water suppliers are to use the Maximum
Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) adopted by the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA). MCLGs are the federal equivalent to PHGs, but are not
identical. Only constituents which have a California primary drinking water standard
and for which either a PHG or MCLG has been set are to be addressed in this report.
Exhibit B is a list of all regulated constituents with MCLs and PHGs or MCLGs.
There are a few constituents that are routinely detected in water systems at levels
usually well below the drinking water standards for which no PHG nor MCLG has yet
been adopted by OEHHA or USEPA. These include total trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
among others.
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June 2010 Page 1
This report provides the following information as specified in the Health and Safety
Code (Exhibit A) for each constituent detected in the City of Santa Monica's (City) water
supply in 2007, 2008, and 2009 at a level exceeding an applicable PHG or MCLG:
• Numerical public health risk associated with the MCL and the PHG or MCLG
(Exhibit C).
• Category or type of risk to health that could be associated with each constituent.
• Best Available Treatment Technology that could be used to reduce the
constituent level.
• Estimate of the cost to install that treatment if it is appropriate and feasible.
WHAT ARE PHGs?
PHGs are set by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard
Assessment (OEHHA) which is part of Cal/EPA.
PHGs are based solely on public health risk considerations. None of the risk-
managementfactors that are considered by CDPH in setting drinking water
standards are considered in setting the PHGs. These factors include analytical
detection capabilities, treatment technology available, benefits and costs.
PHGs are not enforceable and are not required to be met by any public water
system. MCLGs are federal equivalent to PHGs and are set by the USEPA.
WATER QUALITY DATA CONSIDERED
All of the water quality data collected for Santa Monica's water system between 2007
and 2009 for purposes of determining compliance with drinking water standards were
considered. This information was summarized in tables included in the 2007, 2008 and
2009 Annual Water Quality Reports, which were mailed to all Santa Monica customers,
residents, and businesses in June 2008, May 2009, and May 2010 (Exhibit D).
Most of the constituents tested in the water were reported as Not Detected (ND) and are
not generally listed in the Annual Water Quality Reports. When a constituent is reported
as ND, it generally means that the laboratory did not detect the compound, but it could
also mean that it was detected at a level less than California's Detection Level for
purposes of Reporting (DLR).
GUIDELINES FOLLOWED
The Association of California Water Agencies (ACWA) formed a workgroup, which
prepared guidelines for water utilities to use in preparing the PHG reports. These
guidelines were used in the preparation of this report. No general guidelines are
available from the state regulatory agencies. ACWA's workgroup also prepared
guidelines for water utilities to use in estimating the costs to reduce a constituent to the
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June 2010 Page 2
MCL. Exhibit E provides cost estimates for the best treatment technologies that are
available today.
BEST AVAILABLE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY AND COST ESTIMATES
Both the USEPA and CDPH have adopted what are known as Best Available
Technologies (BATs), which are the best known methods of reducing contaminant
levels. Capital construction and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs can be
estimated for such technologies. However, since many PHGs and MCLGs are set
much lower than the MCL, it is not always possible or feasible to determine what
treatment is needed to further reduce a constituent down to or near the PHG or MCLG.
For example, USEPA sets the MCLG for potential cancer-causing chemicals at zero.
Estimating the costs to reduce a constituent to zero is difficult, if not impossible,
because it is not possible to verify by analytical means that the level has been lowered
to zero. In some cases, installing treatment to try and further reduce very low levels of
one constituent may have adverse effects on other aspects of water quality.
CONSTITUENTS DETECTED THAT EXCEED A PHG OR A MCLG
The following is a discussion of constituents that were detected in one or more of the
City's drinking water sources at levels exceeding the PHG, or if no PHG exists, above
the MCLG. Santa Monica consistently delivers safe water at the lowest possible cost to
its customers using multiple treatment methods approved by CDPH. Coristituents that
were detected in one or more drinking water sources at levels above the MCLs are
reduced to acceptable levels. The health risk information for regulated constituents with
MCLs, PHGs or MCLGs is provided in Exhibit C.
• Total Coliform Bacteria
Total coliform bacteria are measured at approximately 100 sites around the City.
No more than 5% of all samples collected in a month can be positive for total
coliforms. This defines the MCL. Although there is no PHG for total coliform
bacteria, the MCLG is zero positive samples. The reason for the total coliform
drinking water standard is to minimize the possibility of the water containing
pathogens, which are organisms that cause waterborne disease. Because total
coliform analysis is only a surrogate indicator of the potential presence of pathogens,
it is not possible to state a specific numerical health risk. While USEPA normally
sets MCLGs "at a level where no known or anticipated adverse effects on persons
would occur", EPA indicates that it cannot do so with total coliforms. Nevertheless,
without the ability to determine a specific numerical risk, the MCLG has been set at
zero for total coliform bacteria.
Coliform bacteria are a group of indicator organisms that are ubiquitous in nature
and are not generally considered harmful. They are used because of the ease in
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June 2010 Page 3
monitoring and analysis. If a positive sample is found, it indicates a potential
problem that needs to be investigated with follow-up sampling. It is not at all
unusual for a system to have an occasional positive sample. In Santa Monica, about
80 of the sites where samples are taken for total coliform bacteria are taps, typically
hose bibbs, on private residences or businesses. Many of these taps are exposed
to the environment and while they provide a satisfactory sample point most of the
time, occasionally the tap itself may become exposed to bacteria from the
environment, e.g. overgrown plants, pets and humans. When samples are drawn
from these exposed taps, they test positive on rare occasion.
During 2007-2009, the City collected between 119 and 145 samples each month for
total coliform analysis. On one occasion a sample was found to be positive for
coliform bacteria. The water supply to the sample location did not appear
compromised in any way (normal chlorine residual, appearance and odor) and
follow-up samples were taken and tested negative. Additionally, the water leaving
the treatment plant is tested on a weekly basis and always tested negative for
coliform bacteria. The single positive sample occurred in June 2008 for a monthly
total of 0.7% positive samples, well below the MCL of 5%. No samples were found
to be positive for total coliform bacteria in 2007 or 2009.
In an effort to reduce these occasional positive results, the Water Resources
Division (Division) has a program to prioritize the sites and install more dedicated
sampling stations. The dedicated samplers are enclosed in a lockable box and are
protected from the environment. A total of four new boxes were installed during the
period covered by this report with plans to complete several more this year in
conjunction with the Division's main line replacement program.
The Division already maintains an effective cross connection control program, a
disinfectant residual throughout the system, an effective monitoring and surveillance
program, and positive pressure in all parts of the distribution system. The Division
has already taken all of the steps described by the California Department of Health.
Services as Best Available Technology (BAT) for coliform Bacteria in Section 6447,
Title 22, CCR. Since it is unlikely that any change to the treatment process at the
Arcadia Water Treatment Plant would prevent the occasional positive test result at
the distribution sampling sites, staff recommends no change to the existing
treatment.
• Trichloroethylene (TCE)
The PHG for trichloroethylene (TCE) was increased to 0.0017 milligrams per liter
(mg/I) in 2009. The MCL for TCE is 0.005 mg/I. The level of TCE in the City's
groundwater and supplemental supplies was below the MCL at all times during the
period of this report.
Trichloroethylene is a volatile organic compound (VOC). It is a manmade solvent
used since the 40's and 50's as a degreaser, parts cleaner, and in other industries.
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June 2010 Page 4
In the last several decades, TCE has shown up increasingly in groundwater supplies
in Southern California and elsewhere. TCE was discovered at low levels in several
of the City's wells located along or near Olympic Boulevard in -1980. Initially the TCE
from the Olympic Wells was diluted in the mixture with other, uncontaminated wells.
As the TCE levels increased over time, several wells had to be turned off until
treatment to remove the TCE could be installed. In 1992, the Division completed an
expansion and upgrade to the Arcadia Treatment Plant that included mechanical
aeration to remove TCE in the combined well flow to a level below the MCL of 0.005
mg/I. The contaminated Olympic Wells were placed back in service and have been
blended and treated with the other wells since.
The level of TCE in the water produced by the Arcadia Treatment Plant ranged from
ND to 0.0025 mg/I for the period covered in this report. However, TCE was only
found to be greater than the PHG of 0.0017 mg/I for some readings taken in 2009.
The annual average TCE produced at the treatment plant was 0.0005, 0.0004 and
0.0007 mgll for 2007, 2008 and 2009 respectively.
The category of health risk associated with TCE, and the reason that a drinking
water standard was adopted for it, is that people who drink water containing TCE
above the MCL for many years could experience an increased risk of getting cancer.
CDPH says that "Drinking water which meets this standard (the MCL) is associated
with little to none of this risk and should be considered safe with .respect to TCE."
This language is taken from the California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 22,
Section 64468.2. The numerical health risk of ingesting drinking water with TCE
above the PHG is 1X10-6, or one additional theoretical cancer case in one million
people drinking two liters of water a day for 70 years. The health risk of ingesting
water with TCE above the MCL is six additional theoretical cancer cases in one
million people.
The Best Available Technology (BAT) for TCE to lower the concentration below the
MCL is either adsorption using liquid phase Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) or
Packed Tower Aeration (PTA). Since the level of TCE remaining in the water
produced by the treatment plant is already well below the MCL, additional treatment
with GAC would be necessary to reliably reduce the TCE level to zero. However,
the City is currently completing construction of a new Reverse Osmosis (RO)
softening plant in conjunction with the Charnock Well Field Restoration Project.
Although RO is not considered BAT for reduction of TCE, City staff anticipates that
additional removal will be accomplished with the new treatment and recommend that
no additional treatment be considered until the new facilities go online and can be
evaluated for TCE removal.
• Lead and Copper
There are no MCLs for lead or copper. Lead and copper are not present in our
water sources, but can leach into drinking water through the resident's plumbing
systems and faucets. Instead of MCLs, every three years a set of special samples is
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collected and the results evaluated to determine whether the City's water system
has achieved "optimized corrosion control". The samples collected are first-draw at
the tap of thirty or more homes identified as high-risk (new plumbing installed with
lead solder before it was banned}. To meet drinking water standards, the 90th
percentile reading (meaning 90% of the samples were lower) of all samples
collected by the City from these household taps cannot exceed an Action Level (AL)
of 0.015 mg/I for lead and 1.3 mg/I for copper. The PHG for lead was lowered to
0.0002 mg/I in 2009 and copper was increased to 0.3 mg/I in 2008.
The last round of testing for lead and copper was conducted by the Water
Resources Division in 2007 (next round is summer 2010). The 90th percentile
reading for lead in the last round was 0.0043 mg/I and was 0.24 mg/I for copper.
These are below the Action Levels, which means the City continued to meet water
quality standards for lead and copper and was again considered to have "optimized
corrosion control". The value for copper was lower than the PHG, but the level for
lead was higher than its corresponding PHG.
There are two categories of health risk associated with lead -chronic toxicity
(neurobehavioral effects in children, hypertension in adults) and cancer. The
numerical health risk of ingesting drinking water with lead above the PHG is 2X10-6,
or two additional theoretical cancer cases in one million people drinking two liters of
water a day for 70 years.
As stated previously, the City's water supply is considered to have "optimized
corrosion control". In general, optimizing corrosion control is considered to be BAT
to address corrosion issues and any lead and copper findings. The Division will
continue to monitor water quality parameters that relate to corrosivity such as pH,
hardness, alkalinity and total dissolved solids and will take action, if necessary to
maintain our system in an "optimized corrosion control" condition.
Since the City's water supply continues to meet the "optimized corrosion control"
requirements, it is not prudent to initiate additional corrosion control treatment until
such time as changirig conditions might warrant further action. Therefore, no
estimate of cost has been included in this report and no recommendations for further
action are advised.
• Arsenic
The PHG for arsenic is 0.000004 mg/I. The MCL forarsenic is 0.01 mg/I. Arsenic is a
naturally occurring metallic element found in water generally at low levels throughout
California and elsewhere due tb the erosion of mineral deposits. It can also enter
water supplies from runoff from agricultural and industrial sites. The MCL was
lowered in 2006 due to increasing evidence of potential detrimental health effects
even at low levels. The concern is that long-term exposure to arsenic in drinking
water may cause skin damage or problems with circulatory systems, and may cause
cancer.
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June 2010 Page 6
Arsenic was below the MCL in all of the City's water sources at all times during the
period covered in this report, however all sources exceeded the PHG at least once
during this period. Arsenic readings for all sources for the period covered by this
report ranged from ND (Reporting Limit was 0.002 mg/I) to a high of 0.0039 mg/I in
the water purchased from the Metropolitan Water District's (MWD) Jensen
Treatment Plant. Annual averages for the Jensen supply and for the water from
MWD's Weymouth Treatment Plant ranged from ND for both in 2007 to 0.0031 mg/I
for the Jensen supply in 2009.
Local groundwater supplies had annual averages for this period that ranged from
0.0007 mg/I for Santa Monica Well #1 in 2007 to 0.0017 mg/I for water coming from.
the Arcadia Treatment Plant for both 2008 and 2009.
The category of health risk associated with arsenic is that people who drink water
containing arsenic above the MCL for many years could experience an increased
cancer risk. The numerical health risk of ingesting drinking water with arsenic above
the PHG is 1X10-6, or one additional theoretical cancer cases in one million people
drinking two liters of water a day for 70 years.
There are two BATS designated for arsenic removal, Ion Exchange and Reverse
Osmosis (RO). As stated previously, the City is currently completing construction of
a new RO softening plant in conjunction with the Charnock Well Field Restoration
Project and it is anticipated that arsenic levels in the water coming from the Arcadia
Treatment Plant will be lower in the future. However, BATS are designed for
treatment to achieve compliance with the corresponding MCL only, and not PHGs. It
is unlikely that arsenic will be removed to a level lower that the very low PHG for
arsenic. In any case, that level is lower than laboratory tests can detect, so it would
be impossible to confirm whether water coming from the Arcadia Treatment Plant, or
any given water supply, actually has arsenic lower than the PHG level because it
cannot be measured at that level.
It is not practical or feasible to estimate costs for the reduction of arsenic from the
supplemental water the City purchases from MWD, so no such determination will be
attempted here and no recommendations for further action are advised.
• Uranium
The PHG for uranium is 0.43 picoCuries per liter (pCi/I) and the MCL is 20 pCi/I.
Uranium is a naturally occurring metallic element which is weakly radioactive and is
ubiquitous in the earth's crust. Uranium is found in ground and surface waters due
to its natural occurrence in geological formations. The average uranium.
concentrations in surface and ground water are 1 and 2 pCi/I respectively. The
uranium intake from water is about equal to the total from other dietary components.
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June 2010 Page 7
Uranium was below the MCL for all watersources at all times during the period
covered in this report, however all sources exceeded the PHG at least once during
this period. Uranium readings for the period covered by this report ranged from ND
(Reporting Limit was 1 pCi/I) to a high of 4.5 pCi/I in the water coming from the
Arcadia Treatment Plant. Annual averages for each of the supplies ranged from ND
for the Weymouth supply in 2007 to 4.5 pCi/I for water coming from the Arcadia
Treatment Plant in 2009 mg/I.
The category for health risk associated with uranium is that people who drink water
containing uranium above the MCL for many years could experience an increased
cancer risk. OEHHA has determined that the numerical cancer risk for uranium
above the PHG level is 1x10-6, or one additional theoretical cancer cases in one
million people drinking two liters of water a day for 70 years.
There are several BATS designated to lower uranium to below the MCL including
RO. The new RO softening plant due to come online later this year is anticipated to
remove uranium levels from the City's groundwater supply. However, BATS are
designed for treatmentto achieve compliance with the corresponding MCL only, and
not PHGs, so evaluation of this water against the PHG will be determined only after
start-up and will be addressed in future reports. '
The City's single well not treated by the Arcadia Treatment Plant is Santa Monica
Well #1. The water for this well had a uranium level that ranged from 0.8 to 0.9 pCi/I
for the period covered by this report and so must be evaluated for treatment for
removal of uranium to below the PHG. Of the designated BATs for uranium, the
most effective and economical approach would be to use RO treatment at the well
site. Based on 2009 flow rates and estimated costs, this would be in the range of
$334,000 per year not including the cost for waste (brine) disposal. However, this
well is located in the center median of San Vicente Blvd in a residential
neighborhood where it would not be feasible to construct even a small treatment
plant at the well site. Again, it is also unclear whether treatment to below the PHG
for uranium could be achieved using RO as BATs are designed to achieve
compliance only to the corresponding MCL. It should also be noted that this cost
estimate may be imprecise as treatment costs can vary widely depending on the
particulars of the situation.
It is not practical or feasible to estimate costs for the reduction of uranium from the
supplemental water the City purchases from MWD, so no such determination will be
attempted here and no recommendations for further action are advised.
• Other Radionuclides
There are several radionuclides for which OEHHA has not set PHGs, but for which
an MCLG has been designated by USEPA. The standards are for radionuclides
including: alpha emitters, beta/photon emitters, combined radium as well as the
standard for uranium described above. In addition to these standards, USEPA has
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June 2010 Page 8
designated an MCLG of zero for each. The groundwater and supplemental water
supplies for Santa Monica met the MCLs for these constituents at all times during
the period covered by this report, but the MCLGs of zero for some of these
radionuclides were exceeded at some sources at various times during this period.
Radionuclides are radioactive elements that are found in nature or are man-made.
They are unstable and emit particles or waves of high energy from the nucleus or
other parts of the atom. There are three basic kinds ofhigh-energy radiation: alpha,
beta, and gamma (included in a broader group called photons). Many radionuclides
emit more than one kind of radiation, but are classified by their most important kind.
The MCL for alpha emitters limits the level of "gross alpha" radiation other than what
is contributed by uranium and radon. The MCL for beta/photon emitters limits the
level of radiation from a group of 179 man-made radioactive materials. The MCL for
combined radium limits the radiation on two kinds (or "isotopes") of radium: radium-
226 and radium-228. These MCLs were adopted to address concern with the health
effects from radiation inside the body after consuming the radionuclides as evidence
suggests that long-term exposure to radionuclides in drinking water may cause
cancer.
The level of alpha emitters in the City's groundwater and supplemental supplies was
below the MCL of 15 pCi/I at all times during the period covered by this report, but
exceeded the MCLG of zero in some monitoring data. Gross alpha readings for the
period covered by this report ranged from ND (Reporting Limit was 3 pCi/I) for all
supplies at various times to a high of 7.6 pCi/I in the water coming from the
Weymouth supply in 2008. Annual averages ranged from ND for some of the
supplies to 5.2 pCi/I for water coming from MWD's Weymouth Treatment Plant in
2008.
The standard for beta/photon emitters does not apply to the City's groundwater and
as such, is not covered by this report. However, the supplemental water the City
receives from MWD met the MCL of 50 pCill for beta/photon emitters at all times, but
exceeded the MCLG of zero in some monitoring data. Readings for beta/photon
emitters for both MWD supplies for the period covered by this report ranged from ND
(Reporting Limit was 4 pCi/I) to a high 9.7 pCi/I in the water coming from MWD's
Weymouth Treatment Plant in 2008. The annual averages ranged from ND for the
Jensen supply to 4.2 pCi/I for the Weymouth supply in 2008.
The level of combined radium in the City's groundwater and supplemental supplies
was below the MCL of 5 pCi/1 at all times during the period covered by this report,
but exceeded the MCLG of zero only once for one reading of 0.8 pCi/I (Reporting
Limit was 0.6 pCi/I) in Santa Monica Well #1 in 2007. No other detection of
combined radium was reported for the period covered by this report.
The BATS for these radionuclides are the same as for uranium. The new RO
softening plant due to come online later this year is anticipated to remove to some
extent, these other radionuclides from the City's groundwater supply as well. As
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explained previously, BATS are designed for treatment to achieve compliance with
the corresponding MCL only, and not PHGs or MCLGs, so evaluation of this water
against the MCLGs for these other radionuclides will be determined only after start-
up and will be addressed in future reports. Likewise, the analysis for treatment of
Santa Monica Well #1 and the MWD supplies is the same as for uranium and no
recommendations for further action are advised.
• Bromate
The PHG for Bromate was set at 0.0001 mg/I in 2009. The MCL for Bromate is
0.010 mg/I. Bromate is a disinfection byproduct (DBP) formed when water
containing naturally occurring bromide ion is ozonated. The MCL for Bromate does
not apply to single readings but is instead compared to a Running Annual Average
~R~)•
The MCL was adopted in 2002 to address concern with potential health effects as
evidence suggests that long-term exposure to Bromate in drinking water may cause
cancer. The standard applies only to water treatment plants that apply ozone for
disinfection or other purposes, and so does not apply to the City's groundwater.
However; the supplemental water the City receives from MWD's Jensen Treatment
Plant is ozonated and met the RAA MCL for Bromate of 0.010 mg/I at all times, but
exceeded the PHG for the period covered by this report.
The Jensen Treatment Plant was retrofitted with ozone in 2005 as part of MWD's
plan to implement ozonation at all six of their treatment plants. The purpose of the
retrofit is to insure compliance with new requirements for disinfection of surface
waters and new DBP regulations, as well as an improvement in the plants' ability to
handle taste and odor episodes resulting from periodic algal blooms in MWD's
source reservoirs. As expected, the switch to ozone at the Jensen Treatment Plant
resulted in reductions of total trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids, which are
classes of DBPs that are also regulated. However, Bromate itself is a DBP and the
formation of which is a consequence of the switch in disinfectant. Bromide readings
for the Jensen Treatment Plant for the period covered by this report ranged from
0.003 to 0.012 mg/I. The highest RAA was 0.0078 mg/I for2008 and demonstrated
compliance with the MCL as did all other RAAs for 2007 and 2009.
The category for health risk associated with Bromate is that people who drink water
containing Bromate above the MCL for many years could experience an increased
risk of getting cancer. OEHHA has determined that the numerical cancer risk for
Bromate above the PHG level is 1x10-6, or one additional theoretical cancer cases
in one million people drinking two liters of water a day for 70 years.
The BAT to reduce Bromate is control of the ozone treatment process to reduce
production of this DBP. As such, this is a process that is under the control and
jurisdiction of MWD, is already being conducted and will not be addressed further in
this report.
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June 2010 Page 10
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER ACTION
The drinking water quality of the City of Santa Monica meets all State of California
Department of Public Health and USEPA drinking water standards set to protect public
health. To further reduce the levels of the constituents identified in this report that are
already significantly below the established health-based Maximum Contaminant Levels
(MCL) would typically require that additional costly treatment processes be constructed.
The effectiveness of the treatment processes to provide any significant reductions in
constituent levels at these already low values is uncertain. The health protection
benefits of these further hypothetical reductions are not clear and may not be
quantifiable.
However, the City is currently completing construction of a new Reverse Osmosis (RO)
softening plant in conjunction with the Charnock Well Field Restoration Project.
Although RO was primarily chosen to provide amulti-barrier approach to MTBE
removal, City staff anticipates that additional removal for many of the constituents
addressed in this report will be accomplished with the new treatment and recommend
that no additional treatment be considered until the new facilities go online and can be
evaluated. Therefore, no action is proposed at this time.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
1.4-Dioxane
No MCL, MCLG, or PHG exists for 1,4-Dioxane, and as such, is not a requirement for
this report. However, CDPH has set a Notification Level (NL) of 0.003 mg/I in drinking
water for 1,4-Dioxane. As reported to City Council in 2002, the City's Olympic Wells
(Santa Monica Wells 3&4) were found to have 1,4-Dioxane above the NL. The City was
advised by CDPH in 2002 that it was acceptable to continue the use of these wells as
long as the level remained less than 100 times the NL.
EXHIBITS:
A -California Health and Safety Code Section 116470(b)
B -List of Regulated Constituents with MCLs, PHGs or MCLGs
C -Numerical Health Risk Information
D -Tables excerpted from Annual Water Quality Reports for 2007- 2009
E -Cost Estimates for Treatment Technologies
F -Acronyms
Water Resources Division
June 2010 Page 11
EXHIBIT A
Health & Safety Code
Section 116470 (b)
On or before July 1, 1998, and every three years thereafter, public water systems
serving more than 10,000 service connections that detect one or more
contaminants in drinking water that exceed the applicable public health goal,
shall prepare a brief written report in plain language that does all of the following:
(1) Identifies each contaminant detected in drinking water that exceeds the
applicable public health goal.
(2) Discloses the numerical public health risk, determined by the office,
associated with the maximum contaminant level for each contaminant identified
in paragraph (1) and the numerical public health risk determined by the office
associated with the public health goal for that contaminant.
(3) Identifies the category of risk to public health, including, but not limited to,
carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and acute toxicity, associated with
exposure to the
contaminant in drinking water, and includes a brief plainly worded description of
these terms.
(4) Describes the best available technology, if any is then available on a
commercial basis, to remove the contaminant or reduce the concentration of the
contaminant. The public water system may, solely at its own discretion, briefly
describe actions that have been taken on its own, or by other entities, to prevent
the introduction of the contaminant into drinking water supplies.
(5) Estimates the aggregate cost and the cost per customer of utilizing the
technology described in paragraph (4), if any, to reduce the concentration of that
contaminant in drinking water to a level at or below the public health- goal.
(6) Briefly describes what action, if any, the local water purveyor intends to take
to reduce the concentration of the contaminant in public drinking water supplies
and the basis for that decision.
(c) Public water systems required to prepare a report pursuant to subdivision (b)
shall hold a public hearing for the purpose of accepting and responding to public
comment on the report. Public water systems may hold the public hearing as part
of any regularly scheduled meeting.
(d) The department shall not require a public water system to take any action to
reduce or eliminate any exceedance of a public health goal.
(e) Enforcement of this section does not require the department to amend a
public water system's operating permit.
(f) Pending adoption of a public health goal by the Office of Environmental Health
Hazard Assessment pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 116365, and in lieu
thereof, public water systems shall use the national maximum contaminant level
goal adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for the
corresponding contaminant for purposes of complying with the notice and
hearing requirements of this section. (g) This section is intended to provide an
alternative form for the federally required consumer confidence report as
authorized by 42 U.S.C. Section 300g-3(c).
EXHIBIT B
MCLs, DLRs and PHGs for Regulated Drinking Water Contaminants
Last Update: December 31, 2009
The following table includes:
CDPH's maximum contaminant levels (MCLs)
CDPH's detection limits for purposes of reporting (DLRs)
Public health goals (PHGs) from the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
(OEHHA)
(Units are in milligrams per liter (mg/L), unless otherwise noted.)
State
MCL DLR PHG or
MCLG Date of
PHG
Chemicals with MCLs in 22 CCR §64431-Inorganic Chemicals
Aluminum 1 0.05 0.6 2001
Antimony 0.006 0.006 0.02a 1997
Arsenic 0.010 0.002 0.000004 2004
Asbestos (MFL =million fibers per liter; for
fibers >10 microns Ion
7 MFL
0.2 MFL
7 MFL
2003
Barium 1 0.1 2 2003
Be Ilium 0.004 0.001 0.001 2003
Cadmium 0.005 0.001 0.00004 2006
Chromium, Total - OEHHA withdrew the
0.0025-m /L PHG 0.05 0.01 withdrawn
Nov. 2001 1999
Chromium-6 -MCL to be established -
currently regulated under the total chromium
MCL
--
0.001
0.00006°
C anide 0.15 0.1 0.15 1997
Fluoride 2 0.1 1 1997
Mercury (inorganic) 0.002 0.001 0.0012 1999
rev2005
Nickel 0.1 0.01 0.012 2001
Nitrate as NO3 45 2 45 1997
Nitrite as N 1 as N 0.4 1 as N 1997
Nitrate + Nitrite 10 as N -- 10 as N 1997
Perchlorate 0.006 0.004 0.006 2004
Selenium- 0.05 0.005 0.05 --
Thallium 0.002 0.001 0.0001 1999
rev2004
Copper and Lead, 22 CCR §64672.3
Values referred to as MCLs for lead and copper are not actually MCLs; instead, they are
called 'Action Levels" under the lead and copper rule
Co er t.3 4A5 d9.3 2008 :'
Lead € 0'015 .0,005 t1.0042" ::2009..:;
Radionuclides with MCLs in 22 CCR §64441 and §64443-Radioactivity
[units are picocuries per liter (pCi/L), unless otherwise stated; n!a =not applicable]
Gross alpha particle activity - OEHHA
concluded in 2003 that a PHG was not
ractical
15
3
(zero)
n/a
MCLs, DLRs and PHGs for Regulated Drinking Water Contaminants
Last Update: December 31, 2009
State
MCL
DLR PHG or
MCLG Date of
PHG
Gross beta particle activity - OEHHA
concluded in 2003 that a PHG was not
practical
4 mrem/yr
4
(zero)
n/a
Radium-226 -- 1 0.05 2006
Radium-228 -- 1 -0.019 2006
Radium-226 + Radium-228 (addressed
to ether as one MCL 5
Strontium-90 8 2 0.35 2006
Tritium 20;000 1,000 400 2006
Uranium 20 1 0.43 2001
Chemicals with MCLs in 22 CCR §64444-Organic Chemicals
(a) Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
Benzene 0.001 0.0005 0.00015 2001
Carbon tetrachloride 0.0005 0.0005 0.0001 2000
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 0.6 0.0005 0.6 1997
(rev2009
1,4-Dichlorobenzene p-DCB 0.005 0.0005 0.006 1997
1,1-Dichloroethane 1,1-DCA 0.005 0.0005 0.003 2003
1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 1999
rev2005
1,1-Dichloroeth lens 1,1-DCE 0.006 0.0005 0.01 1999
cis-1,2-Dichloroeth lens 0.006 0.0005 0.1 2006
trans-l,2-Dichloroeth lens 0.01 0.0005 0.06 2006
Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride) 0.005 0.0005 0.004 2000
1,2-Dichloro ro ane 0.005 0.0005 0.0005 1999
1,3-Dichloropropene 0.0005 0.0005 0.0002 1999
rev2006
Eth (benzene 0.3 0.0005 0.3 1997
Meth I tertia bu I ether MTBE 0.013 0.003 0.013 1999
Monochlorobenzene 0.07 0.0005 0.2 2003
Styrene 0.1 0.0005 0.1 °
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.001 0.0005 0.0001 2003
Tetrachloroeth lens PCE 0.005 0.0005 0.00006 2001
Toluene 0.15 0.0005 0.15 1999
1,2,4-Trichoorobenzene 0.005 0.0005 0.005 1999
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1,1,1-TCA 0.2 0.0005 1 2006
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,1,2-TCA
Trichlokoefh lens'; CE 0:005
0:005 ~ 0.0005
"fl0005 0.0003
OA017 2006
:2009
Trichlorofluoromethane Freon 11 0.15 0.005 0.7 1997
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane (Freon
113 1 2 0.01 4 1997
Vin I chloride 0.0005 0.0005 0.00005 2000
X lenes 1.75 0.0005 1.8 1997
(b) Non-Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
Alachlor 0.002 0.001 0.004 1997
Atrazine 0.001 0.0005 0.00015 1999
MCLs, DLRs and PHGs for Regulated Drinking Water Contaminants
Last Update: December 31, 2009
State
MCL DLR PHG or
MCLG Date of
PHG
Bentazon 0.018 0.002 0.2 1999
rev2009
Benzo(a)pyrene 0.0002 0.0001 0.000004° 1997
Carbofuran 0.018 0.005 0.0017 2000
Chlordane 0.0001 0.0001 0.00003 1997
rev2006
Dalapon 0.2 0.01 .0.79 1997
rev2009
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)
2,4-DfGhlorophenoxyaceUc acid(2,4-Dj: 0.0002
0.07 0.00001
0.01 1.7E-06
"0.02 1999
'2009 ,
Di 2-eth Ihex I adipate 0.4 0.005 0.2 2003
Di 2-eth the I phthalate DEHP 0.004 0.003 0.012 1997
Dinoseb 0.007 0.002 0.014 1997
Di uat 0.02 0.004 0.015 2000
Endrin 0.002 0.0001 0.0018 1999
rev2008
Endothal 0.1 0.045 0.58 1997
Eth lene dibromide EDB
GI phosate 0.00005
0.7 0.00002
0.025 0.00001
'0.9 2003
2007
Heptachlor 0.00001 0.00001 0.000008 1999
He tachlor a oxide 0.00001 0.00001 0.000006 1999
Hexachlorobenzene 0.001 0.0005 0.00003 2003
Hexachloroc clopentadiene 0.05 0.001 0.05 1999
Lindane 0.0002 0.0002 0.000032 1999
rev2005
Methox chlor 0.03 0.01 0.03 1999
Motinat~
Oxam '.I' ' 6.02
Q.D5 ' 6.002
0.02 D.OD1
6A26 12008 '
:2009
Pentachtoropheno] PCP OiD01 OA002 6.0003 ='2009 ~:
Picloram 0.5 0.001 0.5 1997
Pol ehti~rinatedbi'hen Is PGBs - 0-0DD5 0:0005 0=00009 ;2007
Simazine 0.004 0.004 0.004 2001
2,4,5-TP Silvex 0.05 0.001 0.025 2003
2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin) 3x10"g 5x10"9 0 e
Thiobencarb 0.07 0.001 0.07 2000
Toxa hene 0.003 0.001 0.00003 2003
Chemicals with MCLs in 22 CCR §64533-Disinfectant Byproducts
Total Trihalomethanes 0.08 -- -- --
Bromodichloromethane -- 0.0005 (zero)
Bromoform -- 0.0005 (zero)
Chloroform -- 0.0005 (0.07)
Dibromochloromethane -- 0.0005 (0.06)
Total Haloacetic Acids 0.06 -- -- --
Monochloroacetic acid 0.002 (0.07)
Dichloroacetic acid 0.001 (zero)
Trichloroaceticscid 0.001 (0.02)
Bromoacetic acid 0.001 --
Dibromoaceticacid 0.001 --
MCLs, DLRs and PHGs for Regulated Drinking Water Contaminants
Last Update: December 31, 2009
DLR PHG or Date c
(MCLGI PHG
TT
TT
a. A draft CA PHG of 0.0007 mg/L was published in 2009
b. For informational purposes only-no action needed at this time
c. A draft CA PHG of 0.0005 mg/L was published in 2008
d. A draft CA PHG of 0.000013 mg/L was published in 2009
e. A draft CA PHG of 1x10-9 mg/L was published in 2007
f. Draft CA PHGs for individual trihalomethanes were published in 2009
' OEHHA's review of this chemical during the year indicated (rev200X) resulted in no
change in the PHG.
"Surface water systems only
EXHIBIT C
Health Risk Information for
Public Health Goal Exceedance Reports
April 2010
Under the Calderon-Sher Safe Drinking Water Act of 1996 (the Act), water utilities are
required to prepare a report every three years for contaminants that exceed public
health goals (PHGs) (Health and Safety Code Section 116470 (2)[b]). The numerical
health risk is to be presented with the category of health risk, along with a plainly
worded description of these terms. PHGs are published by the Office of Environmental
Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) as concentrations of contaminants in drinking
water that OEHHA, using current risk assessment principles, practices and methods,
considers to pose no significant health risk if consumed for a lifetime (Health and Safety
Code Section 116365). This report is prepared by OEHHA to assist the water utilities in
meeting their requirements.
Numerical health risks. The tables that follow summarize health risks for chemical
contaminants in drinking water that have PHGs and state and/or federal regulatory
standards. The regulatory standards are maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). As
defined in statute, PHGs for noncarcinogenic chemicals in drinking water are set at a
concentration "at which no known or anticipated adverse health effects will occur, with
an adequate margin of safety." For carcinogens, PHGs are set at a concentration that
"does not pose any significant risk to health." PHGs provide one basis for revising
MCLs, along with cost and technological feasibility. OEHHA has been publishing PHGs
since 1997 and the entire list published to date is shown in Table 1.
The Act requires that for chemical contaminants with California MCLs that do not yet
have PHGs, water utilities will use the federal maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG)
for the purpose of complying with the requirement of public notification. MCLGs, like
PHGs, are strictly health based and include a margin of safety. One difference,
however, is that the MCLGs for carcinogens are set at zero because the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) assumes there is no absolutely safe level
of exposure to them. PHGs, on the other hand, are set at a level considered to pose no
significant risk of cancer; this is usually a no more than one-in-a-million excess cancer
risk (1x10-6) level for a lifetime of exposure. Chemicals with MCLGs but no PHGs are
presented in Table 2. The cancer risks shown are based on the U.S. EPA's
evaluations.
Please note that draft PHGs for dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), hexavalent chromium, selenium,
styrene and the trihalomethanes (THMs) have been posted for review and comment on
the OEHHA web site at httg://www:oehha.ca.gov/water/php/index.html. These may be
of interest to water agencies as an indication of the proposed direction of the OEHHA
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 1
Water Toxicology Section
April 2010
risk assessments, but are not required to be cited in communications with the public
because they are not yet final.
Health risk categories. The following information can be used for presenting the
health risk categories in "exceedance reports." The health risks shown in the tables are
based on long-term exposures to low levels of contaminants as would occur with
drinking water (unless otherwise stated), rather than high doses from a single or short-
term exposure. The potential health effects are the most sensitive adverse effects that
occur when chemical exposure reaches a sufficient level and duration fo produce
toxicity. Health goals that protect against these risks also protect against health risks
that would occur from short-term exposures. For most health risk categories, the
specific health outcome or the organ or system that is affected is also given. The health
effects are given in nontechnical terms when possible, and the categories are described
below.
Acute toxicity- adverse health effects that develop after ashort-term exposure to a
chemical (minutes to days).
Subchronic toxicity- adverse health effects that develop after repeated or longer-term
exposures to a chemical (days to months).
Carcinogenic -capable of producing cancer.
Chronic toxicity -adverse effects that usually develop gradually from low levels of
chemical exposure over a long period of time (months to years).
Developmental toxicity -adverse-effects on the developing organism that may result
from exposure prior to conception (either parent), during prenatal development,
or postnatally to the time of sexual maturation. Adverse developmental effects
may be detected at any point in the life span of the organism. The major
manifestations include: (1) death of the developing organism, (2) structural
abnormality (birth defects), (3) altered growth, and (4) functional deficiency.
Neurotoxic -capable of adversely affecting or destroying parts of the nervous system or
interfering with nerve signal transmission. Effects may be reversible (for
example, effects on chemicals that carry nerve signals across gaps between
nerve cells) or irreversible (for example, destruction of nerve cells).
Reproductive effects -the occurrence of adverse effects on the reproductive system of
females or males that may result from exposure to environmental agents. The
toxicity may cause changes to the female or male reproductive organs, the
regulating endocrine system, or pregnancy outcomes. Examples of such toxicity
may include adverse effects on onset of puberty, egg production and transport,
menstrual cycle normality, sexual behavior such as sexual urge, lowered fertility,
sperm production, length of pregnancy, and milk production.
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 2
Water Toxicology Section
April 2010
The tables further note whether the health risk category is based on human or animal
data. Data on health effects of toxic substances are usually obtained from studies on
laboratory animals.
For more information on health risks: The adverse health effects for each chemical
with a PHG are summarized in each PHG technical support document. These
documents are available on the OEHHA Web site (http:!/www.oehha.ca.gov). Also,
U.S. EPA has consumer and technical fact sheets on most of the chemicals having
MCLs. For copies of the fact sheets, call the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-
4791, orexplore the U.S. EPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water's home page
at http://www.epa.gov/OGWDW/hfacts.html.
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 3
Water Toxicology Section
April 2010
Table 1: Health Risk Categories and Cancer Risk Values for Chemicals
with California Public Health Goals (PHGs)
cancer ~ 0.0045 ~ NA5 ~ 0.002 ~ NA
Aluminum chronic toxicity 0.6 NA 1 NA
(increased serum
aluminum level)
(human data)
Antimony chronic toxicity 0.02 NA 0.006 NA
(shortened lifespan)
Arsenic cancer 0.000004 1x10-6 0.01 2.5x10-3
(4x10-5) (one per (2.5 per
million) thousand)
Asbestos cancer 7 MFL 1x10-5 7 MFL~ 1x10-6
(fibers (fibers (one per
>10 >1p million)
microns in microns in
length) length)
Atrazine cancer 0.00015 1x10-5 0.001 7x10-6
(seven per
million)
~ Health risk category based on experimental animal testing data evaluated in the OEHHA PHG technical
support document unless otherwise specified.
z mg/L =milligrams per liter of water or parts per million (ppm) (PHGs are expressed here in milligrams per
liter for consistency with the typical unit used for MCLs and MCLGs.)
s Cancer Risk =theoretical 70-year lifetime excess cancer risk at the statistical upper confidence limit.
Actual cancer risk may be lower or zero. Cancer risk is stated in terms of excess cancer cases per million
~or fewer) population exposed for a lifetime.
MCL =maximum contaminant level.
e Non-linear approach used for alachlor risk assessment, no cancer risk assumed at the PHG level.
s NA =not applicable. Noncarcinogenic, or a cancer risk cannot be calculated. The PHG for these
chemicals is set at a level that is believed to be without any significant public health risk to individuals
exposed to that chemical over a lifetime.
~ MFL =million fibers per liter.
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 4
Water Toxicology Section
Apri12010
Table 1: Health Risk Categories and Cancer Risk Values for Chemicals
with California Public Health Goals (PHGs)
Barium chronic toxicity 2 NA 1 NA
(hypertension)
Bentazon chronic toxicity 0.2 NA 0.018 NA
(clinical, body weight,
liver and intestinal
effects)
Benzene cancer 0.00015 1x106 0.001 7x10-6
(leukemia) (seven per
million)
Benzo[a]pyrene cahcer 0.000004 1x10-6 0.0002 5x10-6
(five. per
hundred
thousand)
Beryllium chronic toxicity 0.001 NA 0.004 NA
(gastrointestinal
lesions)
Bromate cancer 0.0001 1x1.0-6 .0.01 1x10'
(one per ten
thousand)
Cadmium chronic toxicity 0.00004 NA 0.005 NA
(kidney effects, human
data)
Carbofuran chronic toxicity 0.0017 NA 0.018 NA
(enzyme inhibition,
blood chemistry and
testis effects)
Carbon cancer 0.0001 1x10-6 0.0005 5x10-6
tetrachloride (flue per
million)
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 5
Water Toxicology Section
April 2010
Table 1: Health Risk Categories and Cancer Risk Values for Chemicals
with California Public Health Goals (PHGs)
Chlordane cancer 0.00003 1x10-6 0.0001 3x10-6
(threeper
million)
Chlorite chronic toxicity 0.05 NA 1 NA
(anemia) and
neurotoxicity (infants
and children, human
data)
Copper acute toxicity 0.3 NA 1.3 (AL)8 NA
(gastrointestinal effects
in children, human
data)
Cyanide chronic toxicity9 0.15 NA 0.15 NA
(no clinical and
histopathological
effects observed)
Dalapon chronic toxicity 0.79 NA 0.2 NA
(kidney effects)
1,2-Dibromo-3- cancer 0.0000017 1x10-6 0.0002 1x10A
chloropropane (1.7x10-6) (one per ten
(DBCP) thousand)
1,2-Dichloro- chronic toxicity 0.6 NA 0.6 NA
benzene (o-DCB) (liver effects)
1,4-Dichloro- cancer 0.006 1x10-6 0.005 8x10-'
benzene (p-DCB) (eight per ten
million)
s AL =action level.
z Cyanide: Acute toxicity of concern is respiratory arrest. Long-term exposure allows for detoxification.
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 6
Water Toxicology Section
Apri12010
Table 1: Health Risk Categories and Cancer Risk Values for Chemicals
with California Public Health Goals (PHGs)
Health'Risk Caiitornia Cancer 'Califorrfia .Cancer 1
Chemical Category PHG Risk3 MCL4 Risk @
(more specific (mg/L)2 @PHG (mg/L) California
:information in MCL "
parenttreses7";
1,1- cancer 0.003 1x10.6 0.005 2x10.6
Dichloroethane (two per
(1,1-DCA) million)
1,2- cancer 0.0004 1x10.6 0.0005 1x10.6
Dichloroethane (one per
(1,2-DCA) million)
1,1-Dichloro- chronic toxicity 0.01 NA 0.006 NA
ethylene (liver effects)
(1,1-DCE)
1,2-Dichloro- Subchronictoxicity 0.1 NA 0.006 NA
ethylene, cis (kidney effects)
1,2-Dichloro- Subchronic toxicity 0.06 NA 0.01 NA
ethylene, trans (liver effects)
Dichloromethane cancer 0.004 1x10.6 0.005 1x10.6
(methylene (one per
chloride) .million)
2,4-Dichloro- chronic toxicity 0.02 NA 0.07 NA
phenoxyacetic (liver and kidney
acid (2,4-D) effects)
1,2-Dichloro- cancer 0.0005 1x10.6 0.005 1x10.5
propane (one per
(propylene hundred
dichloride) thousand)
1,3-Dichloro- cancer 0.0002 1x10.6 0.0005 2x10"6
propene (two per
(Telone II®) million)
Di(2-ethylhexyl) developmental toxicity 0.2 NA 0.4 NA
adipate (DEHA) (disrupted
development)
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 7
Water Toxicology Section
April 2010
Table 1: Health Risk Categories and Cancer Risk Values for Chemicals
with California Public Health Goals (PHGs)
Diethylhexyl- cancer 0.012 1x10.6 0.004 3x10-'
phthalate (DEHP) (three per ten
million)
Dinoseb reproductive toxicity 0.014 NA 0.007 NA
(uterus and testis
effects)
Diquat chronic toxicity 0.015. NA 0.02 NA
(eye effects) and
developmental toxicity
(malformation)
Endothall chronic toxicity 0.58 NA 0.1 NA
(stomach effects)
Endrin chronic toxicity 0.0018. NA 0.002 NA
(liver effects) and
neurotoxicity
(convulsions)
Ethylbenzene chronic toxicity 0.3 NA 0.3 NA
(phenylethane) (liver effects)
Ethylene cancer 0.00001 1x10.6 0.00005 5x10.6
dibromide (five per
million)
Fluoride chronic toxicity 1 NA 2 NA
(tooth mottling, human
data)
Glyphosate chronic toxicity 0.9 NA 0.7 NA
(kidney effects)
Heptachlor cancer 0.000008 1x10.6 0.00001 1x10.6
(one per
million)
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 8
Water Toxicology Section
April 2010
Table 1: Health Risk Categories and Cancer Risk Values for Chemicals
with California Public Health Goals (PHGs)
Heptachlor cancer 0.000006 1x10-6 0.00001 2x10-6
epoxide (two per
million)
Hexachloroben- cancer 0.00003 1x10-6 0.001 3x10.5
Zene (three per
hundred
thousand)
Hexachlorocyclo- chronic toxicity 0.05 NA 0.05 NA
pentadiene (HEX) (stomach lesions)
Lead chronic toxicity 0.0002 3x10$ 0.015 (AL) 2x10-6
(neurobehavioral (PHG is (two per
effects in children, not based million)
hypertension in adults) on this
and cancer effect)
Lindane cancer 0.000032 1x10-6 0.0002 6x10-6
(y-BHC) (six per
million)
Mercury chronic toxicity 0.0012 NA 0.002 NA
(inorganic) (kidney effects)
Methoxychlor reproductive toxicity 0.03 NA 0.03 NA
(vagina, ovary, uterus
and hormonal effects)
Methyl tertiary- cancer 0.013 1x10-6 0.013 1x10-6
butyl ether (one per
(MTBE) million)
Molinate cancer 0.001 1x10-6 0.02 2x10.5
(two per
hundred
thousand)
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 9
Water Toxicology Section
April 2010
Table 1: Health Risk Categories and Cancer Risk Values for Chemicals
with California Public Health Goals (PHGs)
Monochloroben- subchronictoxicity 0.2 NA 0.07 NA
zene (liver damage)
(chlorobenzene)
Nickel developmental toxicity 0.012 NA 0.1 NA
(increased neonatal
', deaths) and
possible cancer risk
Nitrate acute toxicity 45 as NO3 NA 45 as NO3 NA
(methemoglobinemia,
human data)
Nitrite acute toxicity 1 as NA 1 as NA
(methemoglobinemia, nitrite- nitrite-
human data) nitrogen nitrogen
Nitrate and Nitrite acute toxicity 10 as NA 10 as NA
(methemoglobinemia, nitrogen nitrogen
human data)
N-nitrosodimethyl- cancer 0.000003 1x10"6 --- --- I
amine (NDMA)
Oxamyl chronic toxicity 0.026 NA 0.05 NA
(body weight effects)
Pentachloro- cancer 0.0003 1x10.6 0.001 3x10.6
phenol (PCP) (three per
million)
Perchlorate subchronictoxicity 0.006 NA 0.006 NA
(thyroid and
reproductive effects)
Picloram chronic toxicity 0.5 NA 0.5 NA
(liver effects)
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 10
Water Toxicology Section
April 2010
Table 1: Health Risk Categories and Cancer Risk Values for Chemicals
with California Public Health Goals (PHGs)
HeafthRisk - California Cancer Caiifornra Cancer
Chemical Category PHG Risk3 MCL4 . ~ Risk @
(more specific ~ ~ (mglL)~ @PHG ~ {mg/L~ Ga6fornia
`.information in MCL
:parentheses).
Polychlorinated cancer 0.00009 1x10"6 0.0005 6x10-6
biphenyls (PCBs) (six per
million)
Radium-226 cancer 0.05 pCi/L 1x10-6 5 pCi/L 1x10
(one per ten
thousand)
Radium-228 cancer 0.019 pCi/L 1x10-6 5 pCi/L 3x10
(Combined (three per ten
Ra22s+z2s) thousand)
Silvex (2,4,5-TP) chronic toxicity 0.025 NA 0.05 NA
(liver effects)
Simazine chronic toxicity 0.004 NA 0.004 NA
(reduced body weight)
Strontium-90 cancer 0.35 pCi/L 1x10"6 8 pCi/L 2x10-5
(two per
hundred
thousand)
1,1,2,2- cancer 0.0001 1x10-6 0.001 1x10-5
Tetrachloroethane (one per
hundred
thousand)
Tetrachloro- cancer 0.00006 1x10-6 0.005 8x105
ethylene (eight per
(perchloro- hundred
ethylene, or PCE) thousand)
Thallium subchronic toxicity. 0.0001 NA 0.002 NA
(hair loss)
Thiobencarb chronic toxicity 0.07 NA 0.07 NA
(body weight, food
efficiency and enzyme
activity effects)
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 11
Water Toxicology Section
April 2010
Table 1: Health Risk Categories and Cancer Risk Values for Chemicals
with California Public Health Goals (PHGs)
Health :Risk California Cancer California Cancer
Chemical ~ ,Category' . Pl•tG Risk3 ~ IVICG` ~ Risk @
~mbre"specific jmg1L)~ ~ PHG ;;, (mg/L) ~ California
;information in NtCL _
parenthesesj, "
Toluene chronic toxicity 0.15 NA 0.15 NA
(methylbenzene) (liver and thymus
effects)
Toxaphene cancer 0.00003 1x10-6 0.003 1x10-4
(one per ten
thousand)
1,2,4-Trichloro- chronic toxicity 0.005 NA 0.005 NA
benzene (effects on adrenal
(Unsym-TCB) glands)
1,1,1-Trichloro- neurotoxicity (structural 1 NA 0.2 NA
ethane changes), reproductive
toxicity (fewer
offspring), chronic
toxicity (liver and blood
effects)
1,1,2-Trichloro- cancer 0.0003 1x10-6 0.005 2x10.5
ethane (two per
hundred
thousand)
1,1,2-Trichloro- cancer 0.0017 1x10-6 0.005 3x10-6
ethylene (TCE) (three per
million)
Trichlorofluoro- chronic toxicity 0.7 NA 0.15 NA
methane (liver effects)
(Freon 11)
1,1,2-Trichloro- chronic toxicity 4 NA 1.2 NA
1,2,2-trifluoro- (liver effects)
ethane (Freon
113)
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 12
Water Toxicology Section
April 2010
Table 1: Health Risk Categories and Cancer Risk Values for Chemicals
with California Public Health Goals (PHGs)
# Health ;Risk California Cancer California Cancer
Chemical ,Category PIiG. Risk3 MCL4 Risk@
(more specific ~ ~ {mgat)~ ~ @ PHG {mglL} California.:
informa#ion in MGL ,
;parentheses)
Tritium cancer 400 pCi/L 1x10.6 20,000 5x10-5
pCi/L (five per
hundred
thousand)
Uranium cancer 0.43 pCi/L 1x10-5 20 pCi/L 5x10-5
(five per
hundred
thousand)
Vinyl chloride cancer 0.00005 1x10.6 0.0005 1x10-5
(one per
hundred
thousand)
Xylenes neurotoxicity 1.8 (single NA 1.75 (single NA
(effects on senses, isomer or isomer or
mood and motor sum of sum of
control, human data) isomers). isomers)
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 13
Water Toxicology Section
April 2010
Table 2: Health Risk Categories and Cancer Risk Values for Chemicals
without California Public Health Goals
Health Risk Category1 U.S. EPAi .Cancer Galifornia . Dancer
Ghemical (mots specific , MCf;G~ ~ : Risk3° MGL4 .Risk @,
inforrnation in . ;(mg/L) ~ @ '~ , ~ (mg%L}.. Galifornia;
parsnthese5), MGLG MCL
Chromium (total) chronic toxicity 0.1 NA 0.05 NA
(stomach, liver effects),
immunotoxicity
(allergic dermatitis)
Dioxin cancer and 0 0 0.00000003 1X10-5
(2,3,7,8-TCDD) reproductive effects (one per
hundred
thousand)
Selenium chronic toxicity 0.05 NA 0.05 NA
(hair and nail changes,
skin lesions, blood
effects; human data)
and neurotoxicity
Styrene chronic toxicity 0.1 NA 0.1 NA
(vinylbenzene) (liver, kidney and blood
effects)
Disinfection byproducts (DBPS)
Chloramines acute toxicity (irritation) 45 NA none NA
and chronic toxicity
(stomach effects,
anemia)
Chlorine acute toxicity (irritation) 45 NA none NA
and chronic toxicity
(stomach effects)
~ Health risk category based on experimental animal testing data evaluated in the U.S. EPA
MCLG document or California MCL document unless otherwise specified.
z MCLG =maximum contaminant level goal established by U.S. EPA.
s Cancer Risk =theoretical 70-year lifetime excess cancer risk at the statistical confidence limit.
Actual cancer risk may be lower or zero. Cancer risk is stated in terms of excess cancer cases
per million (or fewer) population, e.g., 1x10 5 means one excess cancer case per million people;
5x10-5 means five excess cancer cases per 100,000 people.
° California MCL =maximum contaminant level established by California.
5 Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal, or MRDLG
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 14
Water Toxicology Section
April 2010
Table 2: Health Risk Categories and Cancer Risk Values for Chemicals
without California Public Health Goals
:Health Risk Category U.S. fPA`:- Gancer .California Cancer i
~(more.specific" ~ MGLG~ Ris{c3i~ ~ MCL4 Risk @
Chemical.. information in (mg/L) @. ; (mg/L) California=
parentheses}, MCLG MCL
Chlorine dioxide chronic toxicity (anemia) 0.85 NA none NA
and neurotoxicity
(infants and young
children, human data)
Disinfection byproducts: haloacetic acids (HAA5)
Chloroacetic acid chronic toxicity 0.07 NA none NA
(body and organ weight
changes)
Dichloroacetic cancer 0 0 none NA
acid
Trichloroacetic chronic toxicity 0.02 0 none NA
acid (liver effects)
Bromoacetic acid NA none NA none NA
Dibromoacetic NA none NA none NA
acid
Total haloacetic cancer none NA 0.06 NA
acids
Disinfection byproducts: trihalomethanes (THMs)
Bromodichloro- cancer 0 0 none NA
methane (BDCM)
Bromoform cancer 0 0 none NA
Chloroform chronic toxicity 0.07 NA none NA
(liver and kidney effects)
Dibromo- chronic toxicity 0.06 NA none NA
chloromethane (liver and kidney effects)
(DBCM) and neurotoxicity
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Page 15
Water Toxicology Section
April 2010
e MCLs for grass alpha and beta are screening standards for a group of radionuclides. A corresponding
PHG was considered inappropriate because risks vary for the individual radionuclides covered by the
screening level; see OEHHA memoranda discussing the cancer risks at these MCLs at
h tt p: //www. o e h h a. ca. g ov/water/ p h g/i n d e x. h tm I.
' pCi/L = picocuries per liter of water.
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
Water Toxicology Section
April 2010
Page 16
Table 2: Health Risk Categories and Cancer Risk Values for Chemicals
without California Public Health Goals
CITY OF SANTA MONICA WA"iER DIVISION
~aar~e~r~a a~~ F'~-i ~r~ C.Srir~l6ie~~ a~~~ Cl~a~l~-t~ Fi~st.al~ts ~~~° ~t7CP~
EXHIBIT D
7 s t ,>ii 9 i3 LOCAL '. I U ~ ~~ `~~(f ~ (i ' ((I P ~(it til i ~nEi~ ~ s ti MAJOR SOURCES
(is ,i(~~'p~~sssl C~,~~' WELL WATER IaI SM WELL Ai IhI i+ ~s~{(~~,I~Pk'ty~ I(i ~+I!( ~~~ ~}~y ~' ~~ '~i~i+ IN DBINKING WATER
~,~~ ~~tE@ {~t t t ~E+~ i~''"~'~~~~si~Yi ~+~ ~ sI~IIif~, ~~~i~~R ~f~~~l¢~IS~`.aiS~~l,~fl
Parameter IEEi. ~Nii.El€ Arcadia Plant: d.,.~:6 mnl tftiPykdii, (tllsri,Idr{~O~fZi l~nFi i,.lr. IC16x 9r:`ri
c arif I~~'i9~~'~i'i,~5.li~'i131~I~I~s3I,I '71 islyhiii i+~ fi t(ss l s s ~s ss ls: ! y~~t{ s ts.
ps ° 03 ~ 'i!i (n)il ( 3 lil s sag { + E ss s~61 FEF {E..
Maximum Turbidity lNTUI I10 I!(Ippp 31s N/A N/A N/A N/A ni'Ob sl 3'~~¢i/ gQ~ 1 ° ~,~.{ Ir{ f(~It I l;~ s€ ikl~ i((i
(,~~~ p~i(~( ( I t~ 3'3 1+~ (( ty( + k(t (t { : III+II it Soil runoff
i S i ss s¢ i ' Liss (s { k`!s`( { ( i (l I
t` s~99i sssSq s({(ti ((s i( (i {~((I I( it
Microhialoaical ~~j ~{ + f lIR {..s ({II(~{Eli(~IIGji(llhiliiiii~~~i((i~3s'~~~~ii~j(
Total Coliform Bacteria l { n] j78,3' l{{= ~7;~7~{tti,~t~. tr Ettpeh~pgp~~p ;t ~''i3 jf tr;~+t};7{r~ t }~ j t 7G S II s I t!('+ t 7d'tyJ i~~it {1~fli( 1{lll+i{{i
z {P ~g4~~i~t3g~!lGIIE!I!{iRl7![fI'f~ulfGEtp9[kL'G4i~~7~.., 41 ~~~~~}'1)~y~~sii'~~~~ISj~S~~~~~~+~~~`~I~~+~{~~~~~~~f+~~i~~~l'+~Il~i€i3! (t~I+S I{{i. Naturally present in [he environment
(%positive samples/month) ~~s~+~~~~:~~ Isi{ „j ii Kill ii ii) (l~9:j~l ~i 131~I ~.i. i~lyss s t }st t°~
i3~ ` t ,, a ...+ tnirtr7~i ttyt f 7 t ~ i pal t 5 fg {
Fecal Coliform/E. Colt ~~3{ff1~3.I 3 s ~ ~~j?y{'~jgiq;tt„~H',5.t3 1i ri8G9€f8+lf~ dP7lttdil~~r"'~,~~~h'~Et"~P~~~Ei~t~(({I5(f':.'~(iN~~~ ° t ~"~(
is I~ r~L~ ~ i 1 k~ + S I ss E { t ; ; l 1ss l 1 Human and animal fecal waste
Or anic Chemical ~ (; ~l'i~l,l( j;hP sl sI0 11U Iii~ij 3 sill ~ (ttt~ ss i ;i (tl t t ids s~+i{4~i~
g ~fS,{{.~'{~°~'s EE (+ I {~+s'jt I Et is14 s4 ~{E~{IftI(I'+i(Ihil (Ji~i~Ii iJ ~tli~~
Methyl tart-Butyl EtherIMTBEI Ippb) 1 ~ P-# (i ill,. ND ND'. t ND ND ~: ~j~ t} 4s ~,~{IIS{I {II NR(+(i{i ~ i~ ~~(~j1((+I {Is{islli~!~ Leaking underground storage tanks
f i ({ I t~ (~ tl I((~~~ ~) ~~l ~ 3s~
Trichloroethylene Ippb) {{ i , ~jtl~,~ 65 ND 1.2 NB ND It"li ~-~ slt~it N11:i ~i74~i~~pi sIII 7~~i7~i~~iq(' i~i ijssAls it Discharge from metabdegreasing sites
[1 ssl( (I I i(i is s 113 i+ 4 si s s ssss
Disinfection lk { ii((;( (i ~~I((Iili Il dili~~~i~j9~i~~I~I~i ~il~~i ~ ] ssy) l i i{i sss 7S~ . ~~{+ € p t(t
O I~~i Iy~l~lii islsiis i s1 {il ss ssss +& l{{i
Byarotucts&Residuals j(,9 }3 ' ij idi Ei i~I ilj j~js i s, 3.t r.: ~ { t ti g( Ii IIis`
k ii ~3I~ I~ 9 {j 1' s p t ~ t 'tort ; r rI'(~1 ,~ , tr t bi, t i~'~i0~ ~~) E
Total Trihalomethanes Ippb) ! ~ ~{~~ ~{ l s lkl I{ +L ii= ~ ~ti' ~ ~i ~~j( ; ( k~ , I ! j g$~{ ~i ~{ ~~ S~s~~i G~~li ~isi7s By-product of drinking water chlorination
Halvacetic Acids lDPbl t~~~~° ~~,~~" ~ ~{~ ~j. (~~~p;' ~ 91~ & I ~ ~ 3:i ~t~ ~ 'Ih ~~~~(Ih~l~ai,,. BY'Produci of thinking water chlorination
i I~~~~ ~~ ~~pppp~~, 7j7$yy~~s d { E p t {~ ~ '(i I i (i ij
Total Chlorine/Chioramines lpPml ~+j~L~ ~I~ ~~ i~i ~~~~ ~r~r ~~ ds l;il tl ~ I Is~~i~~~~~~ ~,.+~ i i ~~~~~~~3i+jJ II+~ s',. Drinking water disinfectant added for treatment
{ EE~~~ ,p~ l ~~ {jI sslSs{{ ijgl ii lsi "sIl ( IINsI i
Bromate Ippb) 1 ,!j(E'IC '~I NIA N/A: N/A N/A s,. t¢ i i i ! 1
~I,°j = C#~ f ~s Rl~is i?~G1i ~q ~ ~j~(~i;~a~}f~+
x!s I iIs 6Ij ~ i~.is~I s~ (j ss III 33 ssss, sl t s{s BY product of drinking water ozonation
(( i ( ~ (~iil i{~ii++ip~! 1 t i i t(' t( t14sliti(,i~
Inorganic Chemicals ~ it L( { : ii ~) s~I((iJ is~i ~~ il1ls st I tsn{+ { i ~{ {i ks' lI i is i
s I 'j~ i~i sniisP! 1 ~ ! { tttt F t.tf t i t~~t Ei (s~I(~I ~li ~~I~
Aluminum lppml s~, j 006 006'. NO ND 4~~i (Q,tP ~kl 3s D:b 14s y ti ~8{lit si[~s f~'I (~ii lei I Ills Erosion of natural deposits; used in water treatment process
Arsenic Ippb) ~ ~~,~ + 14 0.9-1.9 07 07 Il~~jjj?~~~', °f~F}~5{x+.I jifiypll~i(~Illit~i ~~~Is~~~~~~~~~~13 ~~~~~'~~I~s~'. Erosion of natural deposits
Barium lppml (~ ~ s~~s -005 0.05'. 005 005 _,lNlks.s d~i'{I~. t(i("(~({I: ~{il~i(P slit ass Rj s3s siisi Discharge from oil and metal industries; Erosion of natural deposits
~(~ l 3 ~ s s s Is' ~ 7~~1~ s iP S ty~y ry l er ~,y~s{~' I' ~ { {ff a~#I h l H +~„{(~ sj ss($ ~ ~(~ ~ ' s s i s s.
Copper lei lPPml ~ ~~~li ~i `+ s{ id?Giil~l~~II~~~~~~Iii~h~ilht~~~~~II~({PII ,~hYS~~RY~~~~T~NEP,,.i}S•~tl~~igiF~y~K~~'~y~,q~~~~ d ji n.t) Corrosion of household Plumbing systems
~EI ~~~ddd {, ~, i ;t; ,~91 t) t s 1 s t g, s; ; tt gsE~~'t t't tiCt i~i ('
Fluoride lpPml ~~ ~I{ ll s( tsj` qE l02 0,2:-0.3 ~ 0.3 03 :q, tli (ii Ii l;~ik ~' islsisA Ns)ss,ssss Ri UUU ~{E,i sj~i s~~i l( Erosion of natural deposits
Fluoride After Treatment lPPml { {l ' '( ~ { i° l Fy ~ m r t' ~"~~„{~j S t ~~}i~ {'~331~ Is } sI j ~'' ` ~ ~j ss s ~$'s s `{st Ntli({j~(I
l {lIC+~~~~~IdIH~II~Y a~(d~~~~~,97~~,.,tt~~ ~ ~ ~~j '~i` ~'i (~~~ii~~~lU{ Wateradditive for dentalhealth
Lead lei Ippb) >l ~ ~ i,tl ~ s, "I F i;s;, ~is v t~~~i ~~~',a~~} ~~:+ ~~!~~1 ~~ I17S~Iiv sssinir~ Corrosion of household plumhin9 systems
Nitrate las N lppml sl ~ i' s i !' 28 25-3.1 3.9 38 40 n; ~~~s~ L~ppiit (i j ll~i is I ~hii sis ; s{ i Runoff from fertilizer use; Leachin from sewat e;
~I ~ I1~.s9s [ t s t¢ip I tp jl { (ilj i~L1pp t ~s s 9 J
~tt~s~s,~~~j i33 {~~~~~p~~ Ip{p0 Ili ~ t ttt ir(ii(~ri jl~~i i~~3 i~Iiiii,i~Li~(isl sl{s! l+ ! i st(. Erosion of natural de osits
~~~ ~ll~ ~ ~~~! {((~ {~ i ~~~i ~~ ~ i~ ,l(i (3 (~~ E) li) )till ( ~ ! ~ j"i I( l ili+ > ~~ { { {'i i`~{ii p
Perchlorate Ippb) sE E{'. {{ v s~E{ ~s dE ND ND ~ ND ND ~i i ~ ((jai is ~. isi is 71 ~{it {~£ {i ~is ((I GIs ((( ii i77 7s Intustrial waste discharge
~~i It s i~~~~ ~I~~~ € { E~j ~ i~3~ (i ~ s (ssss hs { s[s {~ slt~s s".iii ~llll~~Cijjl
Redidnuclidas { t~. {~l{{ s ~I'~I ~~~ { i (~i~ ii{ Its ~s sl(/b~7LR t t t it+k Nt ~ a{s~~i t 3 i 1ji
t ( ~J s s (t)ilt I i~sis) si ! s s (;ts jss i s(~I s (~l+s(I)
Alpha emitters PCl/II >* {~~ss ~~:- NO ND. ND ND ~'171~,~~i~I+t l(sst ={~ss {{ s{(`i Ss(~j(iii'i~~~ ~~ si~ix~~j~~~~~~~~~ (': Erosion of natural de osits
~il i,;~! sqs e, +t+'('is stt ll i~i (i~ t{~i(i iii rsf I .~ ~~ p
Beta/photon emitters lpCl/II ;~~,i 11~P~,~'1 ~W ~' N/A N/A, N/A N/A ~,~ssts(l {tI i Iii}i~i~~l~ ilil~lkl~ p{1 p~ test
{l{Y ~~s' ~~ Ls~l i (sli ill n'~~~(~iii~l il~~tl.i~~ll l{s3 ~b ~~(f7p tr~r7r~i}s. ( Decay of natural and man-mate deposits
Combined Ratium lPCi/II S~13~1~~~13,;~,~t,.~~ sll~~ ND NDS 078 078 r(`s,{~s~~{{iii ~~iii i;,iiis ii jSS7I~~(~iSss +~s sNA'st`{i~{i~s~iP}I1', Erosion of natural deposits
Uranium lpCi/II ~ ~~ d 00 si s t i I ~ If ii i s s
3 31; 33~Ita i28 27-3,p 080 080 I, ({~} Ii~(~Ir 4~lli+l {'~l9 fjp ("~Eip'(i 9 ih Erosion ofnatural de osits
I~,~lr3,~~~: ~~E~,IIiE!'~i,~l(,~, ,~~i;i('~~j El'hti( {(n.IL,(i,~°u~1...,,xJd°,,,t„tmil~i i~u;E;li~~~x'll'7:a~j~ p
KEV T® ABBREVIATIONS
Primary Orinkiny Water StandaNs = MCLs for contaminants that affect health along
with (hair monitoring and reporting requirements, and water treatment requirements.
PNG =Public Nealth Goal, or the lave) of a contaminant in drinking water below
which them is ne known or expected risk to health. PHGs are set by the California
Environmental Protection Agency
MCLG =Maximum Contenninent Leval Goah or fie lave.) of a rontnminam in drinking
water below whirh Chera, is no known or expected risk m health. MCLGs are set by
the U.S. Envirm~mental Protection Agency.
MCL= Maximmn Cnntamiuant Laval, nr the highest level of a contaminant that is
alloweA in drinking water. Primary MCLs are set as close to the PHGS'lor MCLGSI as
is economically and technologically feasible.
MRULG =Maximum Residual Oisinlectan[ Laval Goal, or the level of no expected risk
to health.
MRGL.: Maximum Residual OisinfectantLevel,or [he level ofatlisinfectant added for lal=: FOr 2gy], the Arcadia well water treatmen[plant treatedablend of 45%well water
water trea[mentthal may not he exceeded in me ronsumer's tap. anA 55% imported surface water.
N/A =Not Applicable tb1= SM WeIlA1 is pumped'mto a transmission lion, is blended with Imported Surfacx
AL=Action Level, or the concentration afacontaminant which, when exceeded, Water and enters the system at lyth Si. &Itlaho Ave.
ttiggers treatment or other requirements which a water system must fallow. Icl = We are not required to test for every parameter each year. If indicated, data is
NS=No Slandartl fromaprevious year.
NU = Manimretl IDr but Nat Ua[arted Idl =Two consecutive Total Cnliiorm-positive samples, one of which contains Fecnl
NTU=Nephelometric TUrbitliry Units-used to measure cloudiness of drinking water. Coliform/E. Colt wnsti[u[es an acute MCL violation, NO Violations occurred for 20g].
ppb=parts par billion, or micrograms per li[xr lpG/g lei=The MCC has been replaced wishatreatmenl technique requiring agouties to
ppm =parts per million, or milliymms per liter Imylll optimize corrosion control. Results given are tram first tlmw, at-thetap monitoring
pCi/1=picocuries per liter performed every three years.
"=secondary standard; <=less than tl1= Fluoridation began tale November Z-g]; data is for December only.
Per additional vwater quality questions, contact M. Cardenas, Principal 4PVater Cf'temist at 31 Q-826-6712
CI"t"Y OF SANTA MONICA WA~TE.R DIVISION
u ~r-~ cs~ 1-~~rr~~lry ~~~ia~Icsr~c~ ~t~;w ~a~li~~ F~~~~it~ fca~° ~C&C3
a ~~3 ~i'~ ~ ~° 3u1~113Ii~ I1(+{ °' LOCAL t{Q~ i ! ~NIPbRY i'1 d i + + 4 ~ i u ,; i i F' ~ i
j I ~ I li~lPO F it i~{) j I) MAJUR SOURCES
1 ~ ~ +~(~ y~('~~~ WELL WATER Ia) SM WELLN1161 i IMF W`f~Rilii °ill~ Ili) ~+~N~~4~1j,
Parameter ~ i~~ii~j+ {+ I(,~,I ~ ~~ A.G~'; ~i ( i Ili ~~ A~` A#~~ + 4a~+p~e~il IN DRINKING WATER
1 13 ! Arcadia Plant , t NIA higt(!T(I fsI~t`4PI (IIII I~Ip,IULd ~yp>y ~,f 1{~+{ I~ ';lph tha'p Ii;'~'
__....... 1~+. ~~~~~~I~I Average flange Average'. Rangy i.M~}{~Q51!,i~7!,:.:Iii.~lt@~1~,+,~af.47ff"j(ItiAlt~~iliiP~~eh~~OpB~~ij
it ~ {Q{ i;df~l~ ~p{#Yii1~9i iij~ ~id p(+~i31i i' 11 tty h tti ~~~i~i(~{j~I~~Ihi~~~Ilili; i~j~il~~1ij
Maximum Turbidity INTUI ~i ~ }~~ N/A N/A N/A N/A S (!' IQ i i i 1~7#ajd.KU;§ ~ Q ~¢ (+ II ij~q~o-~u~p ' ip l (i (~~Ijili{ Sail runoff
+' Q,'1 ( 7 ,} j I III;!dpp{'III{ I I. !I t4;r 14s E I 1 i l i k Illy
t ~3 i I~Iii I1 I {i~ ~I ~ j `P) I III i III,
Microbiological ~ } E (((~Es '; iii iii ~ ++ + s F a tssi iji il~i; (i i I
}~~ ~ ail I i 'i .l I~ II)11i
Total Coliform Bacteria I ~ IESs€'" V~ ~„FPFaNtiE°=b ~ i~l+' ~' 1 ~'''u ++~(; 44~~'"P$+{j~'i~jE;'(il(#~s(~{Et{ v(^.(ii'~ ~}+ijit{~;'`ilsj ~ji, iilji~IS~ Naturally present in the environment
~ ~ p~p~, ? i p E ~~L,dE~~~~h~~s ~~:,~Pdb~ah~ ~ ~,>~`>~~I ~i t~~j(~~~ ~q~ ~ ~ ~ I h ~ ~~~~t { ~~~~ i ~ ~ ~ € (C ~
I%POSitive sam les/month) S, , ~~ ~ EI sE ~ElI; Eapc r 4"E"! ~~Tn n~ i ° y! c~au~BF ~ ~(}si{{nil+,i{{t3'3i+=i,~I3jl j! it il~~{sl :I i-'k{d# {~ {3II i}z}lt's`s4s i :i(~~{)
fecal Coliform/E. Coll iOE,{IE~{{t r~ ~~ ~~3I ~,49'Cl~l~~1Q81~18{BId~~{FN~6~3Iaai:ahi€i iEPOE;d~.+i,~F;~G~~tT{~~FIFt:LTIy~ ({~}~n{~+ri ,~ °J~~~d iEt °i,# ~~ 41 (~(€ ii;( ~` 4,1 I, ~,
~~!° I~I~I ~~~'~~~~~ ~1~.. ~{51 +1~}~~ly~~{ T ISRSi~+ IE ~~${~;I #~ (~ ~ !~ Human and animal fecal waste
Drnanic Chemical i~Iiil i((Ij'y°1~1°' i+S 11~1i 3; I I'I'I in it d~iil3;i lif! ~'I ~ii ill v~~~3+il ~s4'+4' ..I i'. i(;
IE~:°,°~1yE3+siiI13~33 +3 ~'Ed 3i ~ ii s ~tl ~~ II t I I) IIII jil I ~i sjii;j~ i+ i ~ iiri{i:~i +
Methyl tart-Butyl EtherIMTBEI IPPb) ° 1 ~5E °IEi11'p33 + NO N0 ND ND i+~ !N ~ ilia iIi41il {i Ilr~Dl tl_, ~{ i+ t + iii
1~~~9,g~ I~gt~~i~il~~~~~~E~I 0.4 ND-1.4 ND ND ~ s 4fd6 is(Ijlki ~illlflll~Iljiii Ii~ai+i+i M~s Ott Ss si, II Leaking undergroundstora9etanks
Trichloroethylene lpp6l 1iy ~, S~I iI !°'' ~ iS Illll i ! i~l~i,+li li ~D rq-i ; +4 Dischar efrom metal de reasin sites
~.°„E' ! !~1°v'I 1. (;i 33 € Isis ;I II((II ~~i it ( it i 11Iis +~i +i i ii s .3 f,I i. 9 9 9
Oisinfectian I IS° IS~e+i II `dI°i E~4.Eppp IE~ 3 E1~31i + I I (Gr i II III (i I~ 'n'•I ii i
113+ 6~ S;'~ 9191,E3~i3s ° 91,~~i3 F r 11 IIII I IIII ii null III + i i lit i. I ; i
6 roducts & Residuals ~ °°1 ~vl~p 3s~ 1i,1°, lpppgg 33 ~p,Iv IS~1 1 € ~~ i s ( I~ {n l) 111 (j Ij11 +~i) ~ 13I I11!i i { ;S 1i (I i;i ! ~ 1
VP ~ ~~;i,133a~i 1113 Ii3~i~1,3 33i ~3 3 3 33 + I,. I,:, v i to sit r, i,.. Nr,in.,;p,c .n." U i#i (t. .i{; j,, ~II i li ?•' Ill, iP+(, i++, i i it' iii ,Si
Total Trihalomethanes lPPb) ~~i~'i=,,g ~ ~~31l!IiiI 1~~31~1iv s" 9.3r l(1 qq (3113? 3 9, v . ~~ t ~ i~i~"i ~! ~~ ~~
~3}'sl~ i t3+.lpi 93 ~ ,~9 ~i~,~~ ~3e~i,,??i 3, 3 +~ I ~E31 ~ ~ xC~ F< ~1~8A {~ '~ 1311 l1 (I 33 „(61..,,~,~1~, ;' ~s",E'111"+I'ipj~Vi,+;~ BV-Product of drinking water chlorination
Haloacetic Acids b ~: ~ ~ ~: I,dl°~+3~3iI,~ l . ~3~s i1sl' I+ .3 ~Il9 ~~'31III~,+I'!5 : Vii" 133 E, i,11~l ~, dt{i ~ + x ~ij#'j+' 1'~ III,I~g9~1'I ~ i~1;1~ I~;ua.i;;i„(;,~
(DPI ~.~ ,,i ~~~1.~ r~~i 110 ~+33: ~ ~~ 11 ',~33~"ilsl'~~1~Si`~i[3 ~°{ ~~ ;~,+P .(~}:~~#j1 #? ~~ ~ ~;31"!'"{,3~j31S;3I;(',{~l;lf+, I:ll';'i+€ B - roduct of drinkin water chlorination
,,gg r~ ~ {I 1 3 n tc y ~ 1 + i 93{ 13 i °+j' ~ ' i 'js iE I(; +E a h`H~~"= t'{ 3 ?i ~11 ~~ ~ i~3 33E+ s~~I+IE~€ l;'+71.i (ly~llp Y P 9
Total Chlorine/Chloramines lPpm) '.~~ `,45 1' ~°s ~ }, 'i(33~~ 1 ~ 1 (. i!! 393~3q ~ E~ f $¢k;~{ (' ~ j~'~'s13 9~ 9933~~3~ ~ ~ Ee h (
}~,,~11hh,g,g33 ~ii~~~ I Ili ~'I'E3~~„S~~r~~~b ~~~~I~~~t3: Ii339S~S~1,~~~lSI~R15*l~u~+~t64T'tfi~~g~&,~.f ~~~i1~i~{; Sibs+, ~!7 3~3i,~s~,1~1°l~ i°~qi{ail jl i 71+) Drinking water disinfectant added fortreatment
Bromate lPPbl ~~NSi °~q4~9~'9I°?~~ ~~,1s (~13,~~ 1~ N/A N/A N/A N/A ~iiii'(}Ij(} !' ~~ si ! '1 plus j~iiili~ +;y+i; 911ji i, + ~ I
~+°; ~{" 1~ 1l ~31~19(1=1~1{~ i I~~i +++il s ii i t E 3liliii i (ii' i ii.ii iji ~j7~iill'oh nj3'i'(Ij i iii) I BV Product of drinking water ozonation
Inorganic Chemicals - f 1I,§'i3~I~~~3°i~I(l° ~~ ie:l~ Ili ii i`si ++~ 4t s;ilG (s III IIIIIII it I i~ IiI ij~~~+I ynljs I
'#, +,.3:11,3gqI+I 3 iii'iiii 3 I Isi iC•i IIII in jlii~ll~•I°i IIII Ili
Aluminum lppm) 1~' F>ii li ~ ~~,~ 0.07 0.06-0.8 ND ND IIIOrShall g(jG+gQ6 i~~~i (tlti~Ag ., Erosion of natural de osits; used in watertreatment rocess
L l a 3,3f3 t ij~i i( ~jI. i I 21 jail ~ P P
Arsenic IPP61. ~. ~' ~ ~j ,l 1 7 1 4 -20 7 4 1 4 I IIII 1+ii i Ntl: ~..~ s I Mali I i) i i III~+i Iii iii (I~1~ijiili+ ij + ( Eroson of natural de osits
~.- ~(IL,~iA;y ii l~ i ( + ,Ll ilii.j~li~il l~ I~Iii 3~iii~1~1I+i p
Barium lpPml t#.~ ' 0.06 006 007 OW Ill~ 2 kt ':a "(3 I NW ~ (; {L~~ ~ ( I. Dischar efrom oil and metal industnes; Erosion of natural de osits
3i"° tl !fl't mi r o„'u ++ s v~l~i+{'+Ei'~ v41~ H +li ° 'i~i I~71 IsSi~ + it:~~ 9 P
CoPPer lei lPPml I,Q ~',I j tt ,~~ ~3~q~i~t ~~( ~ ' 1~ i~i; i. ihQs, ~~~.'ii~'ii!' li$$ ~~~qt`~ I.~l, s, (~~N~~I I(;~ii,i~i+i+ii++r{s Corrosion of household plumb+n9 systems
Fluoride After Treatment IDPmI ..3 } '! + 1, itliv (+ ° i i{ S~ 1 ~3 3(i s c 1 s i i i S i ~ ; 1 r
+. ~ ~}~}}I}I~ { ~ ~~~~jj?? 3 ~ ~~1~'i!i i {~~7~~'(+Iai {~ }~~{~}i~i 3 s~~ + ~ 41S°~+i +i isi Water additive for dental health
Lead Ie11PP41 ~'{a°t; j' °t~ '~~~i `A~~~~fYli + ~ ]31i~Hlt'L~~II~d'+.IIEi`-~~4ti3g{'t`?'~ 1~~~~~~1113 ~~~~EE~11~I~j~Iliili +11~ Corrosion of household lumbin sstems
~(~ ~ ; 7Fl h r 11 ~1{iS~Lh S'i ~G ii It i{ i~ isi 3 tl+i I,I iI'~~i'Ii+i its i P 9 Y
Nitrate las Nl lppml ~ ~. ni~~i 2.8 27-2.9 3.8 37 39 Iii)~ ii Il yli + '10£ i ~ ~{i ii+'i(dlii 6l!I 9~{+j IiI I+IL i+;+i;i qunoff from fertilizer use; Leaching from sewage;
;tQ;~` ~~1`,~ ~iij~~;i~li (I~i~l+iiN !.i sl(iI(Liiill!I(I~I(i';IIIjjll l j~ilj~I»1~Ii+~~Ii~i+~Erosion ofnaturaldePOSits
Perchlorate lppbl ~E (~l s~ ND ND. ND ND Ilij!(1i~llly li131~R. i ~{}hlir ;~ pl Npi~lilil lilllii! ii+l jil Industrial waste discharge
hsii s,!i IEs / t } Ilill a i~,il iii is s (ii lis I il~ii~~ III 113 uili 111! j 1'ti
Radionuclides IE+°1~~~~~ ~v ~~ (ih'pi if ! (++ ( I (114i 4.I (IIII j~llli rpi~+ii i
~53~3 ~(s~l ~+~ E~ T: (jiljl~~ii p ' +1( F; (11 ~i (lit IJ161~(II~ ~ i~ i 1 i ~~
Alpha emitterslpCi/II liryi ~{,EE s~E IQ € '2.4 ND 4.0 5.2 52 Iilli52ii I h5 ~ 'E I f3 Ii ; Erosion of naturalde osits
~i 131 S{ E1, ~ tS E~'3{p III IiI+ i{ j ~~ 7+Yry ~~Iit~~i IIIM ~il+ r Ili ji Il i+3Ei ~L P
Beta/photon emitters lPCi/II s3s l1'{9'e~~ll l{EE~~1 ~s~#i! N/A N/A N/A N/A iil'i~l~i$I111 N4LB7 dsi ~~I{ii: ill (i(IVD (~i "~31 si .++ Deca of naturaland man-made de osits
Combined RadmmlpCi/I) v1 °i ~i1 E, 1~~'p~E~R i ( Ixi dlu 9 ¢ r ns j, ~~ l~l ii: 3. Y P
s1 E 3 1 ~ Q ND NO ND ND Ipin +1 i 1 i II II ~ ii. i I
~E~~I '~11(~3~13~~i I~~j131 Ij~Ifi"~Iilillil l{ iiNli~•~llii jA I'IE(~(~~r~i~`Ii~.IIi I~t 1311{/ Erosion of natural deposits
UranmmlpCi/ll 1 i ~ IH33°ii iii'3 4,1 40-4.1 0.67 087 ili3~ IjIillii it lF~~ i i+a t: li ~r l~li, is+i ill !!{' Erosion ofnaturaltle osits
3 ,.~ 1~3~~ p~ 3• ~ I II I~y ~ ~ ~ (((ICICII~ ' ( P
~~~3~ 1 s~Pv,~~1~~ 3~SiIi3=~,S~1,~~0 EI i3i5(41iil IIII {Ili its ~~n li ~f i , Z~,..,°Q °! tl~~ii~~~(141~I3i~1li~j~( ij
KEY TO A98REVId1T10NS
Primary Drinking Water Standards = MCLS for contaminants that affect health along
with their moni[orinq and reporting requirements, and water treatment requirements.
PHG =Public Health Goel, or the level of a contaminant in drinking water below
which there is no known or expected risk to healilt. PHGs are se[ by the California
Environmental Protection Agency.
MCLG =Maximum Contaminant Level Goai, or the level of a contaminant in drinking
water below which there is no known or expected risk ro heykh. MCLGs are set by
the U.S, Environmental Protection Agency.
MCL =Maximum Contaminant Level; m the highest level of a contaminant that is
allowed in drinking water. Primary MCLS are set as close to the PHGs for MCLGsI as
is economically and technologically feasible.
MRGLG =Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal, or the level of no expected risk
to health.
MRGL=Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level, orthe level ofa disinfectant added for lal=For 2008, the Arcadia well watertreatmentplanttreatetla blend of 45Yo well water
water treatment tltal may no[ he exceeded in the consumer's tap. and 55% imported surface water
N/A=NOt Applicable IbI=SM Wellki is pumped into atransmissian line, is blended with Imported Surface
AL=Action Leval,orthe concentration ofa contaminant which, when exceeded, Water and enters the system at 19th St &Itlaho Ave.
triggers treatmem or other requirements which a water system must follow. Ic1= We are novequired [o test for every parameter each year. If indicated, data is
NS = No Standard from a previous year.
NG =Monitored far but Not Detected Itll =Two consecutive Total Coliform-positive samples, one of which contains Fecal
NTU=Nephelometric Turbidity Units-used [o measure cloudiness of drinking water. Coliform/E. Coll constiNtes an acute MCL violation. No violations occurred for 2008.
ppb =parts per billion, or micrograms per liter (pg/II lei =The MCL has been replaced with a treatment technique requiring agencies to
ppm =parts per million, or milligrams par liter mg/II optimize corrosion control. Results given are from first draw, at-the-tap monitoring
pCi/1=picocuries per liter performed every three years.
* = secondary standard
For additional water quality questions, rontact M. Cardenas,Princdpal Water Chemist at 310-826-6712
CITY OF SANTA MG7NICA WATER DIVISf6N
~a~~m~ry ~~ F~rirro~rr~r C51rir~l~.it~~ iiVafier £3.`a~llity Fie~ca~~s fot~ ~C9
Parameter
C arit
Maximum Turbidity NTU{
M_igrohioloaical
Total Coliform Bacteria
(% positive samples/month{
Fecal Coliform/E. Coll
Ornnn'c Che ti r.?I
Methyl tart-Butyl Ether (MTBEI IPpbl
Trichlaraeihylene Ipphl
Bisinfecfion
Byproducts & Residuals
Total Trihalomethanes Ippbl
Halaacetic Acids (ppb{
Total Chlorine/Chloramines Ippml
Bromate Ippb)
Inornanic Chemicals
Aluminum Ippml
Arsenic Ippbl
Barium Ippml
Copper let lppml
Fluoride After Treatment Ippm1
Lead let (Ppbl
Nitrate lay N{ (ppml
Perchlorate IpVb)
Radionuclides
Alpha emitters IpCi/II
Beta/photon emitters IpCi/I{
Combined Radium IPDI/II
Uranium IpCi/q
SM WELLfltlh) '
N/A N/A. 4 N/A '. N/A
~~~~~~~3~~~~iii~i~('~~l~h~ili'r~ii~~~iY~~
°:iI13iIIIIIIilliiliili~ilii~~I~~~IIIII~~~~t~9i~Ellllii~~i~~~i~t
t
'..ND ND'.' , ND :. NO
IV/H IV/H.. IV/H IV/H :.
006 0.06 -'07 001 001 r
tl7 15<1.8 09 0.9
'.009 O.OG•0.11 005 05
X32 28:-.4.0 38 I 37-4.0
'ND ND' ND ND
4fi 45-4.6 ND ND :'
f:. N/A N/A'.. NIA N/A ,.
'. ND ND ND ND
4 5 4 5 0 88 0 88 :'
MAJOR SOURCES
IN DRINKING WATER
Soil runoff
Naturally presmriin [he environmmtt
Human and animal fecal waste
leaking underground storage tmdcs
Discharge from metal degreasing sites
By-product of drinking water chlorination
By-product of drinking water chlorination
Drinking water disinfectant added for treatment
By-product of drinking water ozonation
Erasion of natural deposits; used in water treatment process
Erosion of natural deposits
Discharge from oil and metal industries; Erosion of natural deposits
Corrosion of household plumbing systems
Water additive for dental health
Corrosion of household plumbing systems
Runoff from fertilizer use; Leaching from sewage;
Erosion of natural deposits
Industrial waste discharge
Erosion of natural deposits
Decay of natural and man-made deposits
Erosion of natural deposits
Erosion of Itatural deposits
KEY TQ ABB REVIATlQftIffi
Primary Drinking Wntnr Standards =MCLS for conlaminanis that affect health along
with their monimring and reporting raquiromxnts, and water treatment requirements.
PH6 = Public Heafih Goal pr the level of a contaminant in drlnking water below
which [here is no known or expected risk to health. PHGs are se[ by the Galifornio
Environmental Protection Agency.
MCLG =Maxbnum Contnminant Laval Goal, or dm level of a comeminant In drlnking
water below which (hero is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGS are set by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
MGL=Maximum Contaminant Level, nr iha highest lovol of a contaminant that is
allowed in drinking water. Primary MCLS are sot as close to the PH6s for MCLOSI ns
is economically and technologically feasible.
MROLG =Maximum Residual Disinfectant Laval Goal, or the level of a drinking water
disinfectant below which there is noknown or expected rik to health. They do nut
reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants m control microbials.
MROL=Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levet, orthe highest level ofatlisinfectam lal=. For 21199, the Arcadia well watertreatment plant treatetla blend o145%well
allowed in drinking water. There is convim:inq evidence that addition ofa water and 55%imported surface water.
dlslntectent is nocessary for control of lnicroblal oontaminants. pd= SM WOIlY1 is pumped intpotransmieslon lion, Is bleudetl with Imported SUrtoce
N/A=Not ApplicaGle Water and enters the system at 19th SL&Itlaho Ave.
AL=Action Level, nr the concentration ota contaminan[which, when exceeded, Ic1= We are nut requiredto test for every parantetar each year.lf intliratetl, data is
triggere tremment or other mVUiremenis whirhawater sysfam must follow. fromapmvinus year.
NS=NO Standard Id1= Two consatuHVe Total COliform-positive samples, one of whlgh oontolns fecal
NO =Monitored for bm Not Detected Coliform/E. Coll constitutes an acute MCL violation. No violations occurred far
NTU=Nephelometric Turbidity Units-used hl measure cloudiness pf drinking water. 3ag9.
pph=peas per billion, or micmgmms per liter lp9lll Iel - The MCl has been replaced with atreannent technique requiring agencies
ppm =pmts per million, or mllllgmlre par Ilter Imy/ll m optimize cormeion control. Results given are from first tlmw, et-the-tap
poi/1=picocuries per liter monimring performed every thrna years.
"=secondary standard
Far addiiianai water quality quastians, contest M. Cardenas, Assistant Manager for Water Produetidn and Treatment at 37G-RZG-G7'12
EXHIBIT E
COST ESTIMATES FOR TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
(INCLUDES ANNUALIZED CAPITAL AND 08M COSTS)
Estimated 2007*
.Treatment unit Cost
No Source of Information
Technology ($/1,000 gallons
treated
Granular Reference: Malcolm Pirnie estimate for California Urban Water Agencies, large surface
1 Activated Carbon water treatment plants treating water from the State Water Project to meet Stage 2 D/D
and bromate regulation, 1998 0.46 - 0.8784
2 Granular Reference: Carollo Engineers, estimate for VOC treatment (PCE), 95 % removal of PC ,
0.21
Activated Carbon Oct. 1994,1900 gpm design rapacity
Granular Reference: Carollo Engineers, est. for a large No. Calif. suit. water treatment plant (90
3 Activated Carbon mgd capacity) treating water from the State Water Project, to reduce THM precursors,
ENR
ti
t i
d
= 6262
S
F
i
1992 1.017
construc
on cos
n
ex
(
an
ranc
sco area) -
4 Granular Reference:. CH2M Hill study on San Gabriel Basin, for 135 mgd central treatment facili 0.394 - 0.5783
Activated Carbon for VOC and SOC removal by GAC, 1990
5 Granular Reference: Southern California Water Co. -actual data for "rented" GAC to remove
1.$23
Activated Carbon VOCs (1,1-DCE), 1.5 mgd capacity facility, 7998
6 Granular Reference: Southern California Water Co. -actual data for permanent GAC to remove
1.178
Activated Carbon VOCs (TCE), 2.16 mgd plant capacity, 1998
Reference: Malcolm Pirnie estimate for California Urban Water Agencies, large surface
7 RBVerSe OSMOSIS water treatment plants treating water from the State Water Project to meet Stage 2 D/D 1.367 -2.616
and bromate regulation, 1998
Reference: Boyle Engineering; RO cost to reduce 1000 ppm TDS in brackish
$ Reverse Osmosis groundwater in So. Calif., 1.0 mgd plant operated at 40 % of design flow, high brine line 3.224
cost, May 1991
Reference: Boyle Engineering, RO cost to reduce 1000 ppm TDS in brackish
9 Reverse 0$mosis groundwater in So. Calif., 1.0 mgd plant operated at 100 % of design flow, high brine lin 1.9$4
cost, May 1991
Reference: Boyle Engineering, RO cost to reduce 1000 ppm TDS in brackish
1 U RBVerSe Osmosis groundwater in So. Calif., 10.0 mgd plant operated at 40% of design flow, high brine lin 2.15
cost, May 1991
Reference: Boyle Engineering, RO cost to reduce 1000 ppm TDS in brackish
11 RBVerSe OSrt10SIS groundwater in So. Calif., 10.0 mgd plant operated at 100 % of design flow, high brine li e 1.66
cost, May 1991
12
Reverse OSMOSIS Reference: Arsenic Removal Study, City of Scottsdale, AZ - CH2M Hill, fora 1.0 mgd
5.394
plant operated at 40 % of design capacity, Oci. 1991
13
Reverse Osmosis Reference: Arsenic Removal Study, City of Scottsdale, AZ - CH2M Hill, fora 1.0 mgd
3.19
plant operated at 100 % of design rapacity, Oct. 1991
14 RBVer58 Osmosis Reference: Arsenic Removal Study, City of Scottsdale, AZ - CH2M Hill, fora 10.0 mgd 2 39
plant operated a[ 40% of design capacity, Oct. 1991
15
Reverse Osmosis Reference: Arsenic Removal Study, City of Scottsdale, AZ - CH2M Hill, fora 10.0 mgd
1.48
plant operated at 100% of design capacity, Oct. 1991
16 RBVefSe Osmosis Reference: CH2M Hill study on San Gabriel Basin, for 135 mgd central treatment facili 1.485 - 2.616
with RO to remove nitrate, 1990
17 Packed Tower Reference: Analysis of Costs for Radon Removal... (AW WARF publication), x.66
Aeration Kennedy/Jenks, fora 1.4 mgd facility operating at 40 % of design capacity, Oct. 1991
18 Packed Tower Reference: Analysis of Costs for Radon Removal... (AW WARF publication), 0.46
Aeration Kennedy/Jenks, fora 14.0 mgd facility operating at 40 % of design capacity, Oct. 1991
Packed Tower Reference: Carollo Engineers, estimate for VOC treatment (PCE) by packed tower
19
Aeration aeration, without off-gas treatment, O&M costs based on operation during 329 days/yea 0.22
at 10 % downtime, 16 hr/day air stripping operation, 1900 gpm design capacity, Oct. 19
Page 1 of 2
COST ESTIMATES FOR TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
(INCLUDES ANNUALIZED CAPITAL AND 08M COSTS)
Estimated 2007*
Treatment unit Cost
No. Source of Information
Technology ~$/1,00o gallons
treated
Packed Tower Reference: Caroilo Engineers, for PCE treatment by Ecolo-Flo Enviro-Tower air strippi
20 ~
Aeration without off-gas treatment, O&M costs based on operation during 329 days/year at 10 % 0.24
downtime, 16 hr/day air stripping operation, 1900 gpm design capacity, Oct. 1994
21 Packed Tower Reference: CH2M Hill study on San Gabriel Basin, for 135 mgd central treatment facilit
0.3680 - 0.6046
Aeration acked tower aeration for VOC and radon removal, 1990
p
Advanced Reference: Carolio Engineers, estimate for VOC treatment (PCE) by UV Light, Ozone,
22 Oxidation Hydrogen Peroxide, O&M costs based on operation during 329 dayslyear at 10 % 0.45
Processes downtime, 24 hr/day AOP operation, 1900 gpm capacity, Oct. 1994
Reference: Malcolm Pirnie estimate for CUWA, large surface water treatment plants
23 Ozonation using ozone to treat water from the State Water Project to meet Stage 2 D/DBP and 0.1051 - 0.2080
bromate regulation,Cryptosporidium inactivation requirements,1998
24 Ion Exchange Reference: CH2M Hill study on San Gabriel Basin, for 135 mgd central treatment facilit 0.4995 - 0.6441
ion exchange to remove nitrate, 1990
Note:
"Costs were adjusted from date of original estimates to present, where appropriate, using Engineering
News Record (ENR) construction indices for Los Angeles and San Francisco.
Page 2 of 2
EXHIBIT F
ACRONYMS
ACWA -Association of California Water Agencies
AL -Action Level
BAT -Best Available Technology
Cal/EPA -California Environmental Protection Agency
CCR -California Code of Regulations
CDPH -California Department of Public Health
DBP -Disinfection Byproduct
DLR -Detection Level for purposes of Reporting
GAC -Granular Activated Carbon
MCL -Maximum Contaminant Level
MCLG -Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
mg/I -milligrams per liter
MWD -Metropolitan Water District
ND -Not Detected
NL -Notification Level
OEHHA -Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
pCi/I - picoCuries per liter
PHG -Public Health Goal
PTA -Packed Tower Aeration
RAA -Running Annual Average
RO -Reverse Osmosis
TCE -Trichloroethylene
TTHMs -Total Trihalomethanes
USEPA-United States Environmental Protection Agency
VOC -Volatile Organic Compound
Attachment B
Summary of City of Santa Monica Report on
Water Quality Relative to Public Health Goals
Each year, the City of Santa Monica sends out its Annual Water Quality Report which
includes details about the water that Santa Monica residents and businesses use every
day. Along with information regarding important current water issues, the annual report
includes information required by the Federal and State Governments to illustrate how the
quality of the water at the consumer's tap compares against established water quality
standards. These water quality standards are established by Federal and state
regulations as MCL's (Maximum Contaminant Levels). Consistently, Santa Monica's
water is shown to be in full compliance with all regulatory water quality standards.
Every three years, a special report is required to be prepared by all water agencies in
California to describe how the water quality compares against a different set of
standards, known as Public Health Goals (PHG's). PHG's are levels of contaminants
much lower than MCL's. Because they are goals, and not legally enforceable standards
like MCL's, certain elements in the water may exceed the established public health goal
while still remaining below the allowable MCL. For the period from 2007 to 2009 in
Santa Monica, public health goals were exceeded for six unique elements. Although
these elements exceed Public Health Goals, Santa Monica's drinking. water- meets all
State and Federal drinking water standards.
Details about Public Health Goals, how they were developed, what they mean, and the
current state of the City's water quality are included in the 2010 Citv of Santa Monica
Report on Water Quality Relative to Public Health Goals. The report will be received
and filed at a public hearing by the Santa Monica City Council on Tuesday, October 26.
Public comments can also be heard at this time. This report is available for public
review at the City Clerk's office in City Hall, the Main Library, the Water Resources
Division office, and online at the Water Resources Division at
http://www.smgov.net/departments/publicworks/water.aspx .