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sr-062089-11aGS:SS:NM:sm:swmnotes June 15, 1989 INFORMATION ITEM TO: Mayor and City Council FROM: City Staff SUBJECT: Discussion of a Proposed Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan for the City of Santa Monica INTRODUCTION Solid waste management has become an increasingly critical environmental issue. The traditional approaches to municipal solid waste must be reevaluated so that long term environmental goals receive as much emphasis as short term collection and disposal requirements. Alternative solid waste management policies such as recycling, composting, and waste minimization are becoming a more cost-effective means of dealing with the solid waste problem and can no longer be considered as discretionary components of our solid waste management efforts. The importance of alternative Solid Waste Management strategies is particularly evident when the many indirect costs associated with traditional refuse disposal are considered; e.g., cost of toxic materials cleanup, landfill opening, operation and closure costs, cost of noise and air pollution resulting from transportation of solid waste to distant landfills, costs associated with the cleanup of litter on our streets and beaches, and the benefits. to be gained from reducing our reliance on virgin natural resources. - 1 - !'- JUN 2 0 1989 Development of a comprehensive solid waste management plan for the City of Santa Monica is an essential endeavor which may, in fact, soon be mandated by State legislation. Without such a plan, the City will be unprepared to face a future landfill crisis which will produce a dramatic increase in landfill fees. This report outlines the recommended strategies for the creation of a solid waste management plan, defines the basis for the establishment of a 25 percent solid waste diversion goal for the City over the next four years, and describes several other actions aimed at achieving desirable solid waste policy changes at other levels of government. This report is the result of the efforts of an inter-departmental Solid Waste Task Force which included representatives from the City Attorney's Office, Rent Control, Community and Economic Development, Cultural and Recreation Services, General Services, and the City Manager's Office. The report also represents extensive discussions with solid waste management experts from both the public and private sector. Solid Waste Disposal Santa Monica's solid waste operation is a self-supporting enterprise, generating virtually all its revenues from the fees charged to residential property owners and businesses in the City. The City provides trash collection services to all Santa Monica residences and approximately 50 percent of commercial/industrial establishments. Six private contractors provide service to the remaining commercial/industrial accounts. - 2 - Some of these private haulers pay the City competitive rates to dump at the City's transfer station. In FY1987-88, the City hauled a total of 92,441 tons of solid waste to landfills. Over the last nine years, the amount of solid waste hauled by the City of Santa Monica to landfills has increased an average of 3.5 percent per year. This increase is primarily due to population growth and increasingly wasteful packaging techniques, and has occured despite our current recycling efforts. From 1952 to 1958, Santa Monica incinerated its solid waste at a facility at the City Yards. The incinerator was closed in 1959 by order of the Los Angeles Air Pollution Control District. In 1960, Santa Monica replaced the incinerator with a refuse transfer station and began hauling waste to Mission Canyon landfill located in the Sepulveda Pass. This transfer station greatly reduces the number of refuse trucks traveling on the freeway and increases the cost-effectiveness of Santa Monica's solid waste operation. In 1979, residents living near Mission Canyon successfully lobbied the Los Angeles City Council to close the landfill. Since that time, Santa Monica has been hauling its solid waste to Sunshine Canyon landfill located in Sylmar, 28 miles from Santa Monica. It is projected that the Sunshine Canyon landfill will reach its capacity in 1990 if expansion permits are not granted by Los Angeles County to its current owners. If Sunshine Canyon does - 3 - not receive an expansion permit, Santa Monica will be forced to haul its trash to a more distant landfill site. Santa Monica is fortunate to pay a low tipping fee at the landfill which is currently $189 per trailer (approximately $9.80 per ton). Landfill fees range up to $150 per ton in the eastern United States and up to $40 per ton in other parts of California. Tipping fees will increase an estimated 20 percent effective July 1, 1989, raising the City's cost per ton to $11.43. No landfill will offer the City a contract term longer than one year due to the uncertainty of their status and the likelihood of increased demand for their services. The projected landfill disposal fee as of July 1, 1989 represents approximately 20 percent of the total costs of the City's solid waste management operation. Although Santa Monica's resident population is fairly stable, its daytime working, tourist, and visitor population should continue to grow. New office developments and hotels in process or under construction will impact the amount of refuse produced and require recycling programs aimed at mitigating their impacts. It is projected that the total tonnage of solid waste transported by Santa Monica to the landfill will reach 96,000 tons in FY1988-89 and 97,000 tons in FY 1989-90. Recyclinq Santa Monica's recycling program was established in 1981 as a part of the refuse operation of the General Services Department. The program is based on drop-off zones for multi-family areas, curbside collection for single family areas, and a central - 4 - buyback center for those who wish to sell their recyclables. This current combination of curbside collection and strategically located drop-off zones is estimated to elicit the participation of approximately 30 percent of Santa Monica residents. Even with this high participation rate when compared to the experience of many other cities with recycling programs, Santa Monica's recycling program has thus far been able to achieve only a 2.6 percent diversion of the total waste stream collected by City crews, or about a 2.0 percent diversion of the City's total waste stream. The City's privately-operated buyback center is estimated to divert an additional 3.5 percent of the City's waste stream. This buyback center, located at the City Yards, is operated under contract with the City of Santa Monica by Ecolo-Haul, a subsidiary of Waste Management, Inc. Ecolo-Haul buys all of Santa Monica's collected recyclables and is responsible for their sale to secondary material brokers. It is estimated that other private recycling programs and scavengers may divert up to an additional 5 percent of the waste stream. Therefore, the current waste stream diversion by all recycling efforts in the City may be as much as 9.5 percent. In general, no recycling program directly recovers its costs through sales to secondary material brokers. Recycling markets depend on the fluctuating cost of commodities and are very volatile. For example, the amount of recyclables collected by the City had been fairly constant at approximately 2,000 tons per year until recently when the price for recycled newspapers declined, resulting in a decrease in scavenging and an increase - 5 - in the amount of newspaper left in the City's bins. However, during the same period scavenging increased for metal and glass recyclables due to the influence of market prices. The long term benefits from recycling programs are in avoided landfill disposal costs, environmental benefits, and numerous other direct and indirect benefits. DISCUSSION Current proposals in the State legislature would mandate municipalities to create an integrated waste management plan which must contain various waste reduction strategies. This report proposes that Santa Monica adopt such a balanced approach to solid waste management by incorporating methods which reuse, reclaim, and reduce waste as much as possible. The solid waste disposal alternatives which are included in the proposed solid waste management plan for the City are: 1. Waste reduction 2. Recycling 3. Composting 4. Landfilling. Staff will also propose that the efficiency of the current refuse collection and disposal operation be enhanced through the implementation of an automated system on selected City refuse routes. This automated system would not only incorporate operational efficiencies but would lay the groundwork for a more equitable refuse fee structure. Each of these planned elements is discussed below. - 6 - WASTE REDUCTION Waste reduction has as its goal the reduction of wastes generated by the community through such actions as changes in product usage and composition thereby lessening the amount of materials entering the waste stream. Such changes can be accomplished through legislation, modification of public attitudes, and changes in procurement policies by business and government. Legislative efforts must be accompanied by public education efforts, which attempt to change public attitudes through advertising, community outreach, and economic incentives. Product Packagin Since 1960, the amount of discarded packaging materials has increased over 80 percent. It now constitutes approximately one-third of solid waste in the United States. While a great amount of creative talent and dollars are aimed at devising packaging that sells a product, virtually no effort is directed at determining what happens to the packaging after it is sold. Although wasteful packaging is a significant solid waste problem, there is not a great deal which Santa Monica can do to reduce the problem in the absence of broader State and federal action. Procurement Policies Developing markets for recycled products is a very critical factor in making recycling work. Currently, approximately $600 billion per year or 20 percent of the nation°s GNP represents government procurement expenditures. The seven largest office paper users in California are State agencies. Twenty-four states - 7 - and seven local governments have already adopted procurement legislation favoring recycled products. By revising the City's procurement policies to mandate purchase of recycled materials, Santa Monica would help to create additional markets for recycled materials and set an example for other government agencies. Santa Monica should also explore the establishment of joint procurement policies with other cities in the region, thereby fostering the development of broader markets for recycled products. In designing an effective procurement policy, the City would have to review existing purchasing specifications to eliminate obstacles to purchasing recyclables, review product specifications to eliminate unnecessarily stringent criteria, establish minimum content standards, create a viable definition for recycled materials, and encourage vendors to establish and abide by similar purchasing programs. Any additional or expanded City programs undertaken as described above should be accompanied by lobbying efforts at the state and federal levels to increase incentives for the adoption and expansion of recycling programs, discourage the production of non-recyclable and/or disposable products, improve markets for secondary materials, and encourage use of reclaimed rather than virgin materials in the production process. RECYCLING Recycling can be applied to residential, industrial, and commercial materials after they become wastes. Santa Monica's - 8 - present recycling program collects and markets glass, aluminum, bi-metal, newspaper, white office paper, motor oil, and PET beverage containers. Multi-Family Recycling The high percentage (about 80 percent) of multi-family dwellings in Santa Monica presents a challenge to achieving a 25 percent recycling goal. Almost all recycling programs found elsewhere in the country are designed for single family areas. It has been repeatedly demonstrated that the more convenient recycling is made for residents, the higher the participation rate will be. In Santa Monica, residents of multi-family buildings deposit their recyclables in 100 drop-off zones located throughout the City. Inconveniences may result from drop-off zones located away from a building's refuse bins and by limited space inside dwelling units for collection containers. Staff proposes the implementation of two pilot programs designed to generate increased participation and recycling volume in multi-family zones. One program will entail the placement of separate recycling collection containers alongside regular refuse bins on multi-family sites with the agreement of the property owner or building manager. The City will also provide specially- designed individual collection containers to participating multi-family residents to facilitate separation of their recyclables. In conjunction with this pilot program, staff will explore the feasibility of providing rebates to property owners who provide - 9 - space for the recycling containers. It is hoped that providing a financial incentive will encourage property owners to participate in this program, thereby resulting in increased recycling convenience for residents of multi-family buildings. The second pilot program proposed for multi-family zones involves a different recycling approach. This approach will require targeted multi-family buildings to separate all recyclables from their nonrecyclable refuse. The commingled recyclables will then be deposited in a separate compartment of the refuse bin to allow collection and transport to a central sorting facility. There, the commingled recyclables will be separated by material category and sold through established market channels. This proposed program has the potential for a higher success level than the City's current recycling program in multi-family areas due to increased ease of participation for residents. However, this program will also require a higher level of investment by the City for new customized collection bins, additional collection vehicles, additional staff, and greater commitment of sorting facility space at the City Yards. It is proposed that the City's initial commingled recycling efforts be limited to a selected number of multi-family buildings. Once data on program costs and program results are available, decisions regarding expansion of the program can be considered. Single Family Recyclin The City's current curbside collection program for single family - 10 - and small multi-family residences has been more successful than the City's multi-family program from the standpoint of resident participation. It is proposed that the single family zone efforts be expanded through additional public education and community outreach and through investigation of a more efficient recycling collection container design. Simultaneous with the continuation of the City's curbside collection of recyclables, additional proposals dealing with separated yard waste collection and a "fee-for-waste-volume" rate structure are discussed below. Public Information and Community Outreach The proposed multi-family recycling programs as well as the other proposed changes in solid waste collection and recycling presented in this report will necessitate implementation of a broad public information campaign to inform residents of the benefits of participation. Outreach strategies will vary from building to building, depending on factors such as size, type of building, and type of onsite recycling implemented. Marketing of the City's recycling and waste reduction programs must be aggressively pursued if the proposed 25 percent waste diversion goal is to be achieved. Additional Drop-Off Zone Locations It is proposed that another promising way to increase recycling participation by employees and residents in the City is through the establishment of additional recycling drop-off zones. Logical locations for the placement of up to 25 additional recycling drop-off zones include supermarket and other private parking lots. The potential loss of parking spaces in these - 11 - lots from the installation of drop-off zones must be evaluated before the zones are established. Participation by both public and private schools and colleges through the approval of recycling drop-off zones in their parking lots should also be encouraged. Placement of drop-off zones at these institutions would provide an opportunity to reach and educate young people about the value of recycling and help expand recycling program participation. Plastics Recycling Beginning March 1, 1989, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage containers were added as one of the items which is collected by the City's Recycling Program. At present, PET containers are collected commingled with metal cans. The feasibility of adding HDPE (high density polyethelene) plastic, found in products such as milk jugs and juice bottles, is currently being studied. Plastics constitute an estimated 13 to 33 percent of solid waste by volume, but only about 7 percent of solid waste by weight. Volume is usually the more significant variable since it is directly related to the lifespan of landfill space. More than half of the discarded plastic derives from packaging. Plastic packaging does not decompose and can produce toxic gases when burned. Currently, only one percent of all plastics are recycled, yet the use of plastic consumer items and plastic packaging is rapidly increasing. - 12 - Recent meetings organized by City staff with representatives from the plastics industry have resulted in several proposals for reducing the impact of polystyrene (styrofoam) litter on Santa Monica streets and beaches and reducing the volume of plastics in landfill wastes. At least one plastics recycler has agreed to accept post-consumer (dirty) polystyrene for reprocessing. A pilot polystyrene recycling program for a large fast food restaurant in Santa Monica is also expected to be implemented by this summer. Staff is working to develop a more comprehensive polystyrene recycling program in cooperation with plastics industry representatives and Santa Monica businesses. The program which is envisioned would recycle a significant amount of post-consumer and industrial polystyrene in the City. At this time, staff believes that an effective polystyrene recycling program is preferable to legislative action banning polystyrene use since a polystyrene ban would very likely result in the substitution of a packaging material which is not recyclable. If polystyrene packaging were replaced with "biodegradable" materials, serious questions would need to be raised about how these degradable products will ultimately affect the environment. Scientific evidence shows that most materials expected to biodegrade in landfills are not in fact decomposing or are releasing toxic substances into the air and ground during the decomposition process. If staffs current discussions with plastics industry representatives do not result in an appropriately aggressive recycling program, the City should reevaluate its strategy on the plastics packaging issue. - 13 - Commercial and Industrial Recycling The adoption of City policies to promote recycling in commercial and industrial occupancies is made difficult by the fact that only 50 percent of commercial refuse collection is currently provided by the City. To achieve a 25 percent waste diversion goal, it is important that City businesses and industries are included in a comprehensive recycling program. At the same time, however, the City must be careful not to diminish competitiveness with private haulers. The approach which has been taken by the City up to this point is to promote voluntary recycling efforts for selected materials such as glass from restaurants and bars. An alternative approach could involve the establishment of specific recycling requirements for all businesses whether collected by City or private refuse haulers. This alternative entails a complex set of legal and logistical issues which would need to be examined thoroughly prior to implementation. Given the complexity surrounding commercial recycling, staff proposes that the feasibility of commercial recycling alternatives be studied during the next fiscal year so that specific recommendations can be presented to City Council for consideration. One of the work efforts which will be carried out as a part of this feasibility analysis will include a detailed waste characterization study to provide data on the proportion of marketable components within the City's commercial/industrial waste stream. Staff will also continue discussions with small and large businesses to elicit their support for current and proposed voluntary recycling programs. - 14 - Recycling Requirements for New Construction General Services and Planning Division staff are developing a proposed ordinance requiring all new developments which exceed a specific size threshold to provide recycling systems and operational recycling plans in their final development design. It is anticipated that a staff report containing recommendations on this issue will be presented to City Council within the next 60 days. YARD WASTE COMPOSTING Yard waste composting is a solid waste reduction process applied to organic materials in the waste stream. Through biological action, these organic materials are converted into a usable soil conditioner known as compost. The major advantage of composting is that it can be accomplished through the application of a relatively simple technology and that the compostable materials (yard waste) can be easily separated from other solid waste. It is estimated that a yard waste program in Santa Monica could divert from 10 to 20 percent of the City's solid waste stream. Diversion of yard waste through composting is probably the single most important means by which the volume of materials hauled to the landfill can be reduced. The success of such a program would depend on identifying a suitable composting site and markets to accept and use the material. Even if a market for the material cannot be found, the composting process reduces volume and weight of the waste by over 50 percent. At present, no yard waste collected by the City's sanitation crews is diverted from the landfill. A pilot composting facility - 15 - was operated on Santa Monica Airport property between 1986 and 1988 and produced several hundred tons of compost from the Parks and Cemetery Divisions' landscape waste and tree trimmings. Given the tremendous potential benefits to be gained from composting, City staff has begun an in-depth analysis of the feasibility of reestablishing a composting facility in Santa Monica. Clearly, for a highly urbanized community such as Santa Monica, composting is made more difficult because of siting constraints. Staff has identified potential sites for the establishment of a composting facility which could provide adequate space for the operation and allow mitigation of adverse impacts to neighborhood residents and businesses. Two of these potential composting sites are located on Santa Monica Airport property and the third site could be established at the City Yard by relocating some existing uses. Staff also proposes to meet with representatives of neighboring jurisdictions to examine the feasibility of a shared composting facility located at a site outside of Santa Monica. Another problem associated with establishment of a composting facility is development of a market for the composted material. In an attempt to identify existing markets or creation of new markets, staff has contacted soil amendment companies in the Los Angeles area and has received a response from at least one of these companies which is interested in using the finished compost product from Santa Monica. It is critically important that a market for the compost be identified prior to the establishment - 16 - of the facility since a significant investment would be required for equipment and personnel at the compost facility, as well as equipment and personnel to collect separated yard waste from Santa Monica residents. One option which is being investigated by City staff would involve only a one-step processing of yard waste through a large grinder. The resulting unfinished product could then be marketed to established composting companies for final compost processing at their site and inclusion in their marketed soil amendment products. A grinder-only operation would require considerably less space than a full composting facility. Implementation of a composting program will also require a partial restructuring of current refuse collection procedures. For example, each single family house or multi-family building would be required to separate their yard waste from the rest of their refuse for collection and transport to the composting facility. The current disposal practices for City-generated landscape waste and tree trimming debris would also need to be changed. These changes in the refuse collection operation would involve additional initial costs for purchase of equipment and hiring of additional staff. In the long run, however, these additional investments would result in significant avoided hauling costs and landfill disposal fees. Since establishment of a composting facility involves significant modifications to our current solid waste practices and presents a complex set of siting issues, it is proposed that the services of - 17 - a professional consultant be retained to assist and advise City staff as to the most cost-effective means to pursue this important objective. LANDFILLING For the forseeable future, landfilling will remain an essential part of an integrated solid waste management plan. Current regulations require landfills to provide daily cover, landfill liners, leachate control, landfill gas collection systems, and environmental monitoring. Siting of landfills has become increasingly difficult due to opposition from surrounding residents, space requirements, and environmental hazards. The State's Waste Management Board estimates Los Angeles County will begin to experience the same type of landfill crisis as has become commonplace in other states during the last few years as existing landfills reach capacity and siting of new landfills becomes more difficult. It is estimated that most California cities will face closure of their present landfills within the next 10 years. As a result, cities will have few options but to implement alternative solid waste management strategies. INCREASED EFFICIENCY OF REFUSE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL A more efficient refuse collection and disposal system in single family areas can be accomplished through implementation of automated collection in conjunction with an increase in recycling collection service from once every two weeks to once per week. Many cities have implemented automated refuse collection, a - 18 - system where the sanitation worker remains in the truck throughout the collection process. Automated collection also has the advantage of providing a means to offer financial recycling incentives to single family and small multi-family buildings. These financial incentives would be possible since the different sizes of standardized containers which will be provided by the City to residents as a part of automated collection service would allow establishment of a "fee-for-volume" rate structure. This fee-for-volume system will charge residents based on the size and number of containers which they request. Rates would therefore more closely reflect the actual waste disposal service which each resident receives from the City. Corollary benefits to the City from automated collection are lowered operating costs resulting from increased efficiencies; reduced injury hazard to employees; and a cleaner, more efficient collection process. Currently, three single family refuse collection routes service 4,950 single family homes. It is projected that automated collection would allow the City to consolidate the three existing routes into two routes. Another benefit from automation would be obtained from the conversion of the present twice weekly refuse collection service in single family zones to a system of once per week regular trash collection and once per week recycling collection. This change to once per week regular trash collection and once per week recycling collection is consistent with staff's projection of increased recycling participation in single family areas once the new proposed programs are implemented. - 19 - A comprehensive community education program explaining the benefits of these proposed changes would be undertaken before the implementation of the new automated system. The most important component of the public outreach efforts will entail assisting residents in choosing the standard refuse container size which best meets their household's needs. Automated collection requires significant start-up costs for both new trucks and purchase of the standardized containers which the City will provide to single family and small multi-family residences. It is projected, however, that in the first year following implementation of the automated trash collection system annual savings for increased operating efficiencies will begin to accrue to the City. CONCLUSION The proposed solid waste management plan which is described in this report lays the foundation for the accomplishment of a 25 percent diversion of the City's solid waste stream over the next four years. Each of the program enhancements which is discussed will require the commitment of financial resources from the City's Refuse Fund and will consequently impact the level of refuse rate increase which is necessary to maintain a positive fund balance over the next two years. A staff report has been distributed to Council which outlines the current financial status of the Refuse Fund and recommends a rate increase sufficient to finance the operations of the enterprise through the next two fiscal years. The specific costs associated - 20 - with the enhancements summarized above are detailed in the staff report. The rate adjustment which is recommended incorporates the two year costs of these enhancements. The staff report also discusses some of the remaining unknowns which could impact the fiscal needs of the Refuse Fund within the next two year planning period. Prepared by: Stan Scholl, Director of General Services Neil Miller, Maintenance Manager Craig Perkins, Administrative Services Manager Susan Munves, Administrative Analyst - 21 - RESOLUTION NO. 7826(CCS) (CITY COUNCIL SERIES) A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA REVISING FEES CHARGED FOR GENERAL CITY SANITATION SERVICES, SANITATION BIN RENTAL AND ROLL-OUT SERVICES WHEREAS, Municipal Code Section 5233 allows fees for general City sanitation services to be set by resolution; and WHEREAS, Municipal Code Section 5228D allows fees for City sanitation bin rental and roll-out fees to be set by resolution; and WHEREAS, a study has determined the need to increase all sanitation fees so that the City can recover its costs for providing sanitation services; , WHEREAS, it is in the best long-term interest of the City to adopt a comprehensive solid waste management plan with enhanced recycling and waste reduction programs; and WHEREAS, the fees established by this Resolution are no more than necessary to recover the costs of the services provided, NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA DOES RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. The charges for sanitation service, as provided for in Municipal Code Section 5233, shall be as follows: Type of Service Monthly Charge Residential Single Family $ 14.63 per unit 1 _ Multi-Family Apartments, 2-50 units $ 7.40 per unit Apartments, 51-100 units $ 6.73 per unit Apartments, 100 or more units $ 6.22 per unit Boarding Houses,-Sleeping .Room s - $ 6.22 - and Miscellaneous Services Water Accounts Not Using City Refuse Service $ 9.74 Business and Commercial Custom ers without Approved Bins Twice Weekly $ 30.00 per 1/2 cubic yard Three Times Weekly $ 44.96 per 1/2 cubic yard Six Times Weekly $ 89.93 per 1/2 cubic yard Business and Commercial Customers Using 2 Yard Bins Twice Weekly $ 66.82° Three Times Weekly $100.18 Six Times Weekly $200.37 SECTION 2. The fees for bin rental from the City, as provided, for in Municipal Code Sect ion 52 28D, shall be as follows: Frequency of Collection Type of Bin Twice Weekly 6 Times Weekly 2 cubic yard $10.60/month $31.78/month SECTION 3. The fees for roll-out charges, as provided for in Municipal Code Section 5228D, shall be as follows: Twice Weekly Collection $14.97/month Six Times Weekly Collection $44.70/month SECTION 4. The fees which are established by this Resolution shall become effective on July 1, 1989. SECTION 5. Upon the effective date of this Resolution, all Resolutions~of the City Council of the City of Santa Monica inconsistent with the provisions of this Resolution, to the _ 2 _ extent of such inconsistencies only and no further, are repealed or modified to the extent necessary to affect the provisions of this Resolution. _ ,_ SECTION 6. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution, and thenceforth and thereafter the same shall be in full force and effect. APPROVED AS TO FORM: -- ROBERT M. MYERS " City Attorney - 3' - Adopted and approved this 20th day of June, 1989. Mayor Pro Tempore I hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution No. 7826(CCS) • was duly adopted by the City Council of the City of Santa Monica at a meeting thereof held on June 20, 19$9 by the following Council vote: Ayes: Councilmembers: Abdo, Genser, Katz, Jennings, Reed, Mayor fro Tempore Finkel Noes: Councilmembers: `None Abstain: Councilmembers: None Absent: Councilmembers: Mayor Zane ATTEST: City Cl k