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SR-406-004 (14) PCD:SF:JT:AS:KC:EB:F:\PLAN\SHARE\COUNCIL\STRPT\2002\Civic Auditorium Appeal.doc Council Mtg: January 22, 2002Santa Monica, California TO: Mayor and City Council FROM: City Staff SUBJECT: Appeal of a Decision of the Landmarks Commission Designating the Structure Located at 1855 Main Street (Civic Auditorium) as a City Landmark (Case No. LC-01-LM-004). Applicant: City of Santa Monica Landmarks Commission. Appellant: Council Member Herb Katz INTRODUCTION This report recommends that the City Council uphold the decision of the Landmarks Commission designating the Civic Auditorium, located at 1855 Main Street, as a City Landmark. On November 12, 2001, the Landmarks Commission designated the structure a City Landmark. A Council member has appealed this decision and provided a written waiver to the appeal timeline (Attachment A). DISCUSSION Landmarks Commission Action The Landmarks Commission filed an application nominating the Civic Auditorium for Landmark designation on August 13, 2001. On October 8, 2001, the Landmarks Commission received a preliminary report from staff, with analysis indicating that the property meets the criteria for designation as a City Landmark. The Commission unanimously voted to schedule a public hearing for formal consideration of the Landmark designation on November 12, 2001. The Commission also asked staff to provide additional research on the elements of the auditorium’s interior that might be eligible for inclusion in the designation. On November 12, 2001, the Commission voted 6-0 to approve the designation, which included both the exterior of the building as well as specific character- defining features of the interior public spaces as provided for in SMMC 9.36.110. The Landmarks Commission staff report is contained in Attachment B and the Landmarks Commission minutes are contained in Attachment C. Architectural Description The Civic Auditorium is a good example of the International Style (Modern), a style that dominated the architectural face of the globe from the first decade of the 20th Century until 1972. The Modern Movement emphasized a rational approach to design, and many architects designed their buildings following Mies van der Rohe’s credo of “less is more.” Common character-defining features of this style include flat roofs, curtain walls, large expanses of walls devoid of ornamentation, rectilinear, string or ribbon windows – flush with exterior walls and lacking pronounced sills or lintels, and those following the theories of Le Corbusier incorporated brise-soleils. Their interiors were simple, minimalist spaces, lacking applied decoration. Space would flow freely, interrupted by few walls and filled with limited functional furniture. The Civic Auditorium retains many significant character-defining elements including a grand canopy, supported by parabolic pylons, a glass curtain wall, and brise- soleil, as well as the original hydraulic floor. It occupies a significant and prominent location and is an established and familiar visual feature of the Main Street Civic Center area. Further, the Civic Auditorium has been the venue for hundreds of significant concerts, exhibitions and award ceremonies since its opening. In addition to the exterior features, the Landmarks Commission found that the interior of the Civic Auditorium contains the following character-defining features: ? Configuration of lobby spaces (first and second floors) and auditorium entry doors (height and semi-circular shape of lobby, upper lobby shape reflective of lower lobby, and columns contributing to the overall light, open and modernistic feeling); ? Wood paneling along south wall of first floor lobby; ? Two original lobby staircases; ? Volume and configuration of auditorium main hall space; ? Adjustable auditorium main hall floor with hydraulic lift mechanism; ? Metal acoustical panels and wall sconces in auditorium main hall; ? Soundproof sliding doors to conference room (adjacent to the east elevation). These elements have been noted as significant elements of the building’s interior public spaces and have been included in the designation. Although there have already been some alterations to the lobby and auditorium main hall areas, the above list includes a sufficient number of the remaining original features that contribute to the character of the Civic Auditorium. The Commission has listed these features within the designation to preserve the overall context and character of the building and to ensure that any future proposed changes to these elements will be executed based on compliance with the Secretary of Interior’s Standards for Historic Preservation through a Certificate of Appropriateness. In consideration of the context of the Civic Auditorium, staff’s evaluation included discussion of the view corridor, which adds to the dramatic effect of the structure, especially when lit up at night. However, this view corridor is not a designated feature, nor could it be because it involves property that is not part of the landmark property. Findings for Designation The Landmarks Ordinance permits the Commission to designate a landmark if the structure under consideration meets one or more of six criteria. The Landmarks Commission found that the Civic Auditorium meets all six criteria (see FINDINGS, below). The criteria were met because the Civic Auditorium is a resource that still retains comprehensive integrity of its original architectural design. It was designed in the International Modern Style by a prominent Santa Monica-based architect (Welton Beckett) with acoustics designed by a world-renowned acoustical engineer (UCLA Chancellor Vern O. Knutsen). The building’s character-defining features are still largely intact, including significant interior features that are integral to the overall concept of the Civic Auditorium’s architecture. The findings also show that the Civic Auditorium has played an important role in the City’s cultural development by strengthening the function of the Civic Center as a primary hub of activity. Its unique location at the bend of Main Street, its grand scale and its unusual design with futuristic pylons have made the Civic Auditorium a familiar and integral part of the Civic Center complex and an important visual monument in the City. The Civic Auditorium has been associated with many prominent celebrities as the venue for countless events and public performances, representing the diversity for which Santa Monica has become renown. APPEAL ANALYSIS The appeal is based on the following reasons. (Please note that the appellants = bold statement is indicated in text. Staffs analysis follows in regular text.) = “The appeal is for the restrictive nature of the Landmarks designation regarding the Civic Auditorium. This decision highly restricts future improvements and modifications of and to the building. This needs to be a less restrictive designation to allow greater freedom in our Civic Center planning and use and to help conserve our citizen’s monies to be used in the project. ” The appeal statement does not dispute the findings that justify this designation, but rather focuses on concern about whether the designation, including several interior elements and one landscaping element, described as a secondary feature, might hamper the City’s future plans to expand the Civic Auditorium. The expansion, included in concept as part of the Civic Center plan, might include an addition to or replacement of the eastern wing, the removal of western wing offices, and subterranean parking around, but not under, the main hall. The Landmarks Commission, in reaching a decision regarding the designation, found the Civic Auditorium to be a significant historic resource, both its exterior and interior public space areas. The Commission found that the resource meets all six Landmarks Ordinance criteria for designation. The modern architecture of the building, and its design for flexibility and functionality, have served to make the building adaptable for a variety of functions, enabling it to remain viable through many cultural and economic changes in the City. In any future modifications to the building, the principle of flexibility envisioned by the original architects can easily be incorporated by a skilled preservation architect in a way that is consistent with or complementary to the original building while meeting the Secretary of Interior’s Standards. The Landmark designation requires taking a preservation approach to proposed modifications in the future, and reviewing modifications in terms of their impact to a building of historic significance. The designation would result in some change to the approval process for future exterior alterations to the property as well as any alterations involving change to the designated character-defining features in the interior public spaces. These projects would require a Certificate of Appropriateness from the Landmarks Commission prior to approval of building permits. There is an exception for work that is defined by the Landmarks Ordinance as ordinary maintenance and repair, which may receive a staff-approved exemption. Use of architects, structural engineers and contractors experienced in modification and renovation of historic buildings is important to successful compliance with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Historic Resources. Alternatively, if the Civic Auditorium were not a landmark, all exterior changes would require architectural review (ARB). Modifications would still be held to a high standard of architectural quality; however, meeting the Secretary of Interior’s Standards would not be required. The designation of the Civic Auditorium as a landmark changes the approach to the improvements, not the need to propose high quality work and gain City approval. As such, the designation will not impose any undue burden or restriction on the process for implementation of the Civic Center Master Plan as suggested in the appeal. Character-defining features: Primary and Secondary The overall character of a building is identified by looking at its distinguishing physical aspects. The major contributors to the building’s exterior character are embodied in the general aspects of its setting, shape, roof and roof features, projections, recesses or voids, openings for windows and doorways, and various exterior materials utilized. To understand the character of interior spaces, it is necessary to move through the spaces of the building one at a time and identify individual rooms or those spaces that are interconnected and interrelated. Key spaces may be perceived in the visual qualities of an interior space and how those spaces relate to the plan of the building, or through the visual linkage in a sequence of spaces. Those key spaces or features identified can further be seen as a series of primary or secondary elements. Primary spaces and features are usually the places in a building that the public uses and sees. These areas are always important to the character of the building and should be preserved. Secondary spaces and features are generally more utilitarian in appearance and size than primary spaces and features. These areas tend to be less important to the building and may accept greater change in the course of work without compromising a building’s historic character. In regard to the interior features of the auditorium that have been included in the designation, these features as a group contribute to the character of the structure. However, the removal of one of them, if the others are preserved, may still be found to be appropriate for the structure. For instance, if the overall volume and spatial relations of the interior are retained, the acoustical panels may at some time be replaced with more updated materials, or the sliding sound wall may be removed in favor of another element if the eastern wing were replaced. However, overall, changes would need to be undertaken in a manner that is sensitive to the building’s character. As long as the principles of preservation are applied sensitively and consistently, it is possible to make changes to the designated public areas in the interior of the Civic Auditorium. It should be noted that the pygmy palm trees were included in the determination as a “secondary” feature. As such, it is recognized that while the trees are the last remnant of original landscaping, their preservation may be approached at a different level, making it more likely that it would be found appropriate to relocate or remove them with minimal impact to the overall integrity of the resource. Furthermore, since the Main Street view corridor looking towards the Civic Auditorium is not part of the designation, the Civic Auditorium’s landmark status would not impose any restrictions that would preclude other new development and improvements proposed in the Civic Center Master Plan. Staff notes that the Master Plan has already carefully considered the proposed siting of new development in relation to the Civic Auditorium. Conceptual Proposals to Modify the Civic Auditorium As part of the Civic Center Master Plan, the City envisions some modifications to the Civic Auditorium. The Preferred Alternative developed by the Civic Center Task Force shows the removal of the western wing and extension of the eastern wing. The most important character-defining exterior features of the structure – and all of the most significant interior features - are located in the central portion of the building. As currently proposed, the concept plan maintains the prominence of the central hall area, with the eastern wing addition recessed and extended in the southeast direction. To the west of the structure, the proposal shows a loading zone and entrance to new subterranean parking. While a conceptual proposal at this level cannot be analyzed to reach conclusions as to whether it meets the Secretary of Interior’s Standards for Historic Resources, the proposal does show potential as an appropriate addition. With thoughtful architectural design, the loading zone can include an element that adds some symmetry to balance the east wing, and landscaping can be employed to emphasize the prominence of the primary façade of the central hall area. There are many examples, both locally and nationally, of public buildings that have been designated as landmarks and subsequently enlarged in a manner that has enhanced the building’s function and preserved its character-defining features. There is no reason to conclude that this could not be done to Santa Monica’s Civic Auditorium. In the next five years, three significant Capital Improvement Projects are scheduled for the Civic Auditorium, including repairing and strengthening the hydraulic floor (current fiscal year), replacing the East Wing ceiling and lighting fixtures (FY 2002- 03) and replacing the cooling tower (FY 2003-04). The repair of the floor will preserve an important character-defining feature of the building, and the other two projects will likely have no impact on any significant features of the building. Although Landmarks review at Commission or staff level will be required, landmark designation of the Civic Auditorium would not prevent the projects from proceeding. One last project that is likely to come forward when funding becomes available is seismic retrofitting to further strengthen the Civic Auditorium. Again, the Landmarks Ordinance does not prevent this work. However, instead of the easiest and most visually intrusive method of reinforcement, a more careful and thoughtful solution would be required. The Civic Auditorium staff has worked with engineers who have proposed a concept for retrofitting the structure that involves the enlargement of the lobby columns and the installation of a major new girder between the lobby columns. Both of these features would be visible in the lobby. In addition to the lobby work, shear walls would be installed under the seating areas and some walls would be strengthened with shotcrete. This concept could be further developed in the future, and through use of compatible finishes and application of the Secretary of Interior Standards, it is possible to find a solution that will meet the goals of both public safety and preservation. In regard to environmental review, projects involving restoration/rehabilitation of a historic resource are exempt from further review if they meet the criteria of Section 15331 of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). Briefly, the criteria of this section are consistency with all of the Secretary of Interior’s Standards and no adverse impact to the resource. While other aspects of the project (traffic, geology, etc.) may trigger the need for an initial study and possibly an Environmental Impact Report, the designation of the property as a landmark will not add to the length of the environmental review process provided that alterations are consistent with the Standards. Overall, staff does not believe that this designation is restrictive. Rather, it is recognition of the architectural merit and historic importance of the Civic Auditorium as part of the community fabric. Furthermore, it is a tool for ensuring appropriate maintenance and modification in the future. Additionally, the Civic Auditorium appears eligible to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places. If designated, the City would then be able to apply for preservation grants to help maintain the Civic Auditorium, representing a new source of funding for the structure that would not otherwise be available. CITY COUNCIL ACTION Municipal Code Sections 9.36.180 (c) and 9.36.180 (e) prescribe that an appeal hearing must occur within 45 days of the appeal filing and a decision rendered within 30 days of the hearing. Council Member Katz submitted a letter to waive this timeline in order to allow the hearing to be held on January 22, 2002. Under the provisions of the Landmarks Ordinance, the City Council may grant the appeal or uphold the decision of the Landmarks Commission in whole or in part and designate the Civic Auditorium located at 1855 Main Street as a Landmark based upon the Landmarks Ordinance criteria contained in Section 9.36.100. PUBLIC NOTIFICATION Notice of this public hearing was published in the California Section of the Los Angeles Times and mailed to all owners and residential and commercial tenants of property located within a 300 foot radius of the project at least 10 days prior to the hearing. A copy of the notice is contained in Attachment F. BUDGET/FINANCIAL IMPACT The recommendation presented in this report does not have any immediate budget or fiscal impact. Future work on the Civic Auditorium would require design input from preservation architects and other experts who might not otherwise be involved in the project. However, the City’s policy generally is to hire qualified design professionals for major City projects. Architects hired for a Civic Auditorium renovation would be charged with creating a meaningful and innovative public space regardless of the landmark designation status, so the additional financial impact incurred in designing modifications that are appropriate for a landmark property may not be significant. RECOMMENDATION It is respectfully recommended that City Council uphold the decision of the Landmarks Commission to designate the Civic Auditorium at 1855 Main Street as a City Landmark with the following findings: FINDINGS (1) It exemplifies, symbolizes, or manifests elements of the cultural, social, economic, political, or architectural history of the City. This building was constructed in 1958 in response to the development of the Santa Monica Civic Center. It was the third of three major 20th century Civic Center structures, beginning with the Art Deco style City Hall, designed by Los Angeles architect Donald Parkinson and completed in 1938 and the Los Angeles County Courthouse, which was added in 1951. It remains an excellent example of the International Style (Modern), a style that dominated th the architectural face of the globe from the first decade of the 20 century until 1972. It is the only surviving institutional design in the City of Santa Monica. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium replaced a classically inspired facility that had been located at Lick Pier, known as the Ocean Park Municipal Auditorium. In this way, its construction also served to strengthen the function of the Civic Center as a primary hub of activity. Therefore, this resource satisfies this criterion. (2) It has aesthetic or artistic interest or value, or other noteworthy interest or value. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is an excellent example of the mid- century International Style, and the only such example of the work of master architect Welton Becket in the City. Furthermore, it is significant for the unique engineering design of its hydraulic floor, the largest in the nation at the time. This was a landmark use of hydraulic technology for adapting an assembly space to accommodate a vast variety of stage performances, athletic events, and exhibitions. It proved to be the forerunner to the retractable domes and flexible seating of contemporary stadiums (Alan Lieb, 2001). Finally, its acoustical design by world-renowned acoustical engineer, UCLA Chancellor Vern O. Knutsen, was described as, “the most perfect and…(deserving)…a rating higher than that of the Royal Festival Hall in London” (Becket, 2001, and Progressive Architecture, May 1959). Thus, as a truly remarkable resource, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium meets this criterion. (3) It is identified with historic personages or with important events in local, state or national history. The Civic Auditorium is associated with its architect, Welton Becket, as well as its acoustical engineer Vern O. Knutsen, both internationally prominent professionals in the design of major institutions. Becket’s work is found throughout the world with notable Commissions in Cairo, Havana, Manila, Honolulu, Tokyo, Boston, Philadelphia, Kansas City and Dallas, and includes numerous civic designs. Vern O. Knutsen, a professor and Chancellor of UCLA, was the world’s leading authority on architectural acoustics, and a master designer of acoustically significant facilities. His principles in architectural acoustics became the foundation for the design of contemporary soundstages. Additionally, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is associated with countless events and public performances, like no other facility in the City. These performances have represented the diversity for which Santa Monica has become renown. A few prominent examples include an array of musicians from Andre Previn and Dave Brubeck in 1959 to Pete Seeger, Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett, Joan Baez and Bob Dylan in the 1960’s, to Elton John, Ray Charles, Arlo Guthrie, the Beach Boys and the Carpenters in the 1970’s. The number of performances eventually reached a level of nearly 60 concerts annually in the peak years of the 1970s. The auditorium also hosted several prominent comedians in the early years of their careers, such as Bill Cosby, Jonathan Winters and Bob Hope, as well as a 1967 performance by Beatnik poet Allen Ginsburg. Therefore, this resource meets this criterion. (4) It embodies distinguishing architectural characteristics valuable to a study of a period, style, method of construction, or the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship, or is a unique or rare example of an architectural design, detail, or historical type to such a study. The Civic Auditorium is an excellent example of the mid-century International Style in the City of Santa Monica. The style was a response to the thth industrialization of the late 19 and early 20 centuries. It advocated the use of the “machine”, rather than historical precedents for building and product designs, as well as the use of contemporary materials such as steel, concrete and glass for their construction. The Civic Auditorium retains many significant character-defining elements of this style, including, a grand canopy, supported by parabolic pylons, a glass curtain wall, and brise-soleil. The Civic Auditorium also retains a number of significant interior features that are integral to the overall concept of the Civic Auditorium’s architecture. Conceived as a space for a variety of activities, Welton Beckett designed the Civic Auditorium for functionality and flexibility. Some intact features that are part of the public space include the original adjustable auditorium main hall hydraulic floor, touted as revolutionary for its time, the innovative acoustical design and the soundproof sliding doors to the east conference rooms. Additionally, although some alterations have been made, interior elements such as the wood paneling in the lobby, the auditorium entry doors, the volume and configuration of the lobby (both the first and second floors including the height and semi-circular shape of the lobby, the upper lobby’s shape being reflective of the lower lobby, and the columns), all contributing to the overall light, open and modernistic feeling), the volume and configuration of the auditorium main hall, the metal acoustical panels and wall sconces in the auditorium main hall, and the two floating staircases in the lobby, all attributes of the building’s integral design, remain intact and continue to be valuable to a study of this unique architectural style and method of construction. The Civic Auditorium also includes some character-defining features in the backstage area that are not part of the public space, and thus not part of the landmark designation. These include the orchestra pit hydraulic lift mechanism, stage area and proscenium opening, stage rigging and historic signage along the east wall at the rear of the stage. As a resource that still retains a comprehensive integrity of its original architectural design, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium satisfies this criterion. (5) It is a significant or a representative example of the work or product of a notable builder, designer, or architect. The Civic Auditorium is the only surviving institutional design of master architect and Santa Monica resident Welton Becket in the City of Santa Monica. Becket is significant not only as a leading local designer, but, internationally. His work is found throughout the world with notable commissions in Cairo, Havana, Manila, Honolulu, Tokyo, Boston, Philadelphia, Kansas City, and Dallas, and includes numerous civic designs. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is also significant for its association with internationally renowned acoustical engineer Vern O. Knutsen. Knutsen, a professor and Chancellor of UCLA, was the world's leading authority on architectural acoustics, and a master designer of acoustically significant facilities. An ardent researcher and author on architectural acoustics, Knutsen wrote two seminal books and over one hundred articles, which appeared in scientific and technical journals. As a consultant he was responsible for the acoustical design of over five hundred structures. His principles in architectural acoustics became the foundation for the design of contemporary soundstages. The acoustical panels developed for the Civic Auditorium by Knutsen are still highly functional and have required minimal maintenance over the last 43 years. Therefore, the Civic Auditorium meets this designation criterion. (6) It has a unique location, a singular physical characteristic, or is an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community or the City. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium has a unique location within the Civic Center, at the bend of Main Street. Its grand scale, and unique design with futuristic pylons, commands attention as one travels south along Main Street. Pigmy Date Palm trees frame the north entry to the building. The Civic Auditorium is also a familiar and integral part of the Civic Center complex. The Civic Auditorium is, thus, an important visual monument in the City of Santa Monica. Therefore, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium satisfies this criterion. Prepared by: Suzanne Frick, Director Jay M. Trevino, AICP, Planning Manager Amanda Schachter, Principal Planner Kimberly Christensen, AICP, Senior Planner Elizabeth Bar-El, AICP, Associate Planner City Planning Division Planning and Community Development Department Attachments: NOT AVAILABLE A. Appeal Application and Timeline Waiver ELECTRONICALLY B. Landmarks Commission Staff Reports dated October 8, 2001 and November 12, 2001 C. Landmarks Commission Minutes dated October 8, 2001 and November 12, 2001 D. City Landmark Evaluation Report, dated September 28, 2001 E. PCR Memorandum dated November 5, 2001 (addendum to evaluation report) NOT AVAILABLE ELECTRONICALLY F. Public Notice G. Landmarks Commission Statement of Findings and Determination H. Letters Received Regarding the Application I. Landmarks Designation Application F:\PLAN\SHARE\COUNCIL\STRPT\2002\Civic Auditorium Appeal.doc ATTACHMENT B Landmarks Commission Staff Reports dated October 8, 2001 and November 12, 2001 M E M O R A N D U M PLANNING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT CITY OF SANTA MONICA PLANNING DIVISION DATE: October 8, 2001 TO: The Honorable Landmarks Commission FROM: Planning Staff SUBJECT: 1855 Main Street - Civic Auditorium (LC-01-LM-004) Public Hearing to Receive Historic Evaluation Report and Determine Formal Consideration of Landmark Designation Application PROPERTY OWNER: City of Santa Monica APPLICANT: City of Santa Monica Landmarks Commission INTRODUCTION At its August 13, 2001, meeting, the Landmarks Commission filed an application for landmark designation of the Civic Auditorium located at 1855 Main Street. BACKGROUND The Civic Auditorium was completed in 1958, and due to its age has not been previously identified as a potential landmark on the City’s Historic Resources Inventory. There are currently no applications for any modifications to the Civic Auditorium. However, the Auditorium lies within the Civic Center Specific Plan area. The City is currently conducting an extensive community process to amend this specific plan, which governs buildings, uses and other improvements in the Civic Center area. The City’s proposals regarding the specific plan do not as yet include any particular changes to the auditorium. However, a need for seismic retrofitting has been identified and will be undertaken when funding becomes available, at which time changes may be required in the lobby area. The Landmark Designation application and historic evaluation are contained as Attachment A. Santa Monica Municipal Code (SMMC) Section 9.36.120(b) requires that a hearing to determine whether the structure merits formal consideration to be scheduled within 60 days from the date the landmark application is filed. Therefore, the public hearing for formal consideration must be scheduled before October 12, 2001. Carole Curtin, the Civic Auditorium’s Events Facilities Manager, was present at the August meeting. In addition, on September 13, 2001, the Planning Division mailed a memorandum to formally advise her of receipt of the application, setting forth time frames for the City’s review. PUBLIC NOTIFICATION Pursuant to SMMC section 9.36.120, notice of the public hearing was mailed to all owners and residential and commercial tenants of property within a 300-foot radius of the project and was published in the section of at least ten consecutive calendar days “California” TheLos Angeles Times prior to the hearing. A copy of the notice is included as Attachment B. ANALYSIS The Landmarks Commission must determine whether the structure merits formal consideration as a landmark and, if so, a designation hearing must be scheduled within 60 days. The Landmarks Ordinance requires the Commission to review the building’s eligibility as a landmark based on the criteria discussed below. If designated, the Commission may consider applications for Certificates of Appropriateness for any proposed alteration, restoration, construction, removal, relocation, or demolition, in whole or in part, to the Landmark structure or parcel. The Landmarks Ordinance permits the Commission to designate a landmark if the structure under consideration meets one or more of the following criteria: (1) It exemplifies, symbolizes, or manifests elements of the cultural, social, economic, political, or architectural history of the City. (2) It has aesthetic or artistic interest or value, or other noteworthy interest or value. (3) It is identified with historic personages or with important events in local, state or national history. (4) It embodies distinguishing architectural characteristics valuable to a study of a period, style, method of construction, or the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship, or is a unique or rare example of an architectural design, detail, or historical type to such a study. (5) It is a significant or a representative example of the work or product of a notable builder, designer, or architect. (6) It has a unique location, a singular physical characteristic, or is an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community or the City. The following section contains excerpted information from the Landmark application and historic evaluation report as it relates to these criteria. For greater detail, please refer to Attachment A. Architectural Description The Civic Auditorium is a good example of the International Style (Modern), a style that dominated the architectural face of the globe from the first decade of the 20th Century until 1972. The Modern Movement emphasized a rational approach to design, and many architects designed their buildings following Mies van der Rohe’s credo of “less is more.” Common character-defining features of this style include flat roofs, curtain walls, large expanses of walls devoid of ornamentation, rectilinear, string or ribbon windows – flush with exterior walls and lacking pronounced sills or lintels, and those following the theories of Le Corbusier incorporated brise-soleils. Their interiors were simple, minimalist spaces, lacking applied decoration. Space would flow freely, interrupted by few walls and filled with limited functional furniture. Formal Consideration The Commission must make a determination, based on the Landmark application and historic evaluation, that the proposed designation of the structure merits formal consideration as a landmark. Attachment A outlines and details a number of aspects of the Civic Auditorium that support the Commission’s initial inquiry into landmark designation. The report clearly identifies that the Civic Auditorium is a rare example of mid-century modernism (International style) associated with the development of the City of Santa Monica and is the work of a significant architect, Welton Beckett, as well as internationally renowned acoustical engineer Vern O. Knutsen. Furthermore, it is significant for the unique engineering design of its hydraulic floor, the largest in the nation at the time, and which was a landmark use of hydraulic technology for adapting a vast variety of stage performances, athletic events, and exhibitions. It proved to be the forerunner to the retractable domes and flexible seating of contemporary stadiums. The Civic Auditorium retains many significant character-defining elements including a grand canopy, supported by parabolic pylons, a glass curtain wall, and brise- soleil, as well as the original hydraulic floor. It occupies a significant and prominent location and is an established and familiar visual feature of the Main Street Civic Center area and has been the venue for hundreds of significant concerts, exhibitions and award ceremonies since its opening. In addition to the unique value of the exterior architectural style of the Civic Auditorium, the report indicates that certain parts of the interior are also of value due to their use of pioneering engineering and acoustical technologies. The hydraulic floors and acoustical system in the auditorium are significant features that contribute to the historic importance and unique identity of the auditorium, and as such the Commission may elect to specify that they be included in the designation. Although there have been several significant changes to the lobby, as a public area that contributes to the overall style and design, this area, too, might be considered for inclusion in the designation should the Commission decide to schedule a designation hearing. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Based on the preliminary evaluation of this structure, staff believes that formal consideration of the landmark application is warranted since there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the criteria for landmark status may be met. Therefore, staff recommends that the Commission schedule a Landmark designation hearing on the application for its November 12, 2001, meeting. Staff further recommends that consideration of the landmark include the lobby and auditorium areas of the building in order to safeguard the remaining unique features and to ensure that future modifications to these areas maintain the character of the building and are appropriate for the resource. Attachments: A. Evaluation Report B. Public Notice C. History of Performances held at Civic Auditorium M E M O R A N D U M PLANNING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT CITY OF SANTA MONICA PLANNING DIVISION DATE: November 12, 2001 TO: The Honorable Landmarks Commission FROM: Planning Staff SUBJECT: Landmark Designation LC-2001-LM-004 1855 Main Street - Civic Auditorium Public Hearing to Consider a Landmark Designation Application PROPERTY OWNER: City of Santa Monica APPLICANT: City of Santa Monica Landmarks Commission INTRODUCTION At its August 13, 2001 meeting, the Landmarks Commission filed an application for landmark designation of the Civic Auditorium located at 1855 Main Street and directed staff to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the property. On October 8, 2001, the Landmarks Commission unanimously voted to schedule a public hearing for formal consideration of the landmark designation for November 12, 2001. The Commission also asked staff to further research the elements of the auditorium’s interior that might be eligible for inclusion in the designation. BACKGROUND The Civic Auditorium was built in 1958 and due to its age has not been identified previously as a potential landmark on the City’s Historic Resources Inventory. On September 10, 2001, the Landmarks Commission filed an application to consider the designation of the property. The Landmarks Ordinance permits the Commission to designate a landmark if the structure under consideration meets one or more of the criteria described below. The Commission supported the initial analysis contained in the October 8, 2001 staff report which demonstrated that, although the Landmarks Ordinance only requires a property to meet one of the findings for designation, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium meets all six designation criteria as detailed in the Statements of Significance outlined below. The Commission also discussed the building’s interior characteristics at the preliminary hearing. The Landmarks Ordinance (SMMC 9.36.110) states that: “For the purpose of this chapter, any interior space regularly open to the general public, including, but not limited to, a lobby area may be included in the landmark designation of a structure or structures if the Landmarks Commission, or the City Council upon appeal, finds that such public spaces meet one or more of the criteria listed under Section 9.36.100.” No previous designation in the City of Santa Monica has included interior public space. However, the Civic Auditorium is an appropriate structure for utilization of the Commission’s authority granted in this section of the Ordinance. The Commission directed staff to conduct further research to determine which elements of the interior might be included in the designation. ANALYSIS The Landmarks Commission must determine whether the structure merits formal consideration as a landmark and, if so, a designation hearing must be scheduled within 60 days. The Landmarks Ordinance requires the Commission to review the building’s eligibility as a landmark based on the criteria discussed below. If designated, the Commission may consider applications for Certificates of Appropriateness for any proposed alteration, restoration, construction, removal, relocation, or demolition, in whole or in part, to the Landmark structure or parcel. The Commission may also authorize certain specific alterations to the structure as part of the designation if specific alterations are proposed and considered during the designation process and are found to be appropriate and compatible with the Secretary of Interior’s Standards for Historic Preservation. Statements of Significance The Landmarks Ordinance permits the Commission to designate a landmark if the structure under consideration meets one or more of six criteria. These criteria and the statements of significance for the proposed property at 1855 Main Street are as follows: (1) It exemplifies, symbolizes, or manifests elements of the cultural, social, economic, political, or architectural history of the City. This building was constructed in 1958 in response to the development of the Santa Monica Civic Center. It was the third of three major 20th century Civic Center structures, beginning with the Art Deco style City Hall, designed by Los Angeles architect Donald Parkinson and completed in 1938 and the Los Angeles County Courthouse, which was added in 1951. It remains an excellent example of the International Style (Modern), a style that dominated the th architectural face of the globe from the first decade of the 20 century until 1972. It is the only surviving institutional design in the City of Santa Monica. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium replaced a classically inspired facility that had been located at Lick Pier, known as the Ocean Park Municipal Auditorium. In this way, its construction also served to strengthen the function of the Civic Center as a primary hub of activity. Therefore, this resource satisfies this criterion. (2) It has aesthetic or artistic interest or value, or other noteworthy interest or value. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is an excellent example of the mid-century International Style, and the only such example of the work of master architect Welton Becket in the City. Furthermore, it is significant for the unique engineering design of its hydraulic floor, the largest in the nation at the time. This was a landmark use of hydraulic technology for adapting an assembly space to accommodate a vast variety of stage performances, athletic events, and exhibitions. It proved to be the forerunner to the retractable domes and flexible seating of contemporary stadiums (Alan Lieb, 2001). Finally, its acoustical design by world-renowned acoustical engineer, UCLA Chancellor Vern O. Knutsen, was described as, “the most perfect and…(deserving)…a rating higher than that of the Royal Festival Hall in London” (Becket, 2001, and May 1959). Thus, as a truly remarkable resource, the Progressive Architecture, Santa Monica Civic Auditorium meets this criterion. (3) It is identified with historic personages or with important events in local, state or national history. The Civic Auditorium is associated with its architect, Welton Becket, as well as its acoustical engineer Vern O. Knutsen, both internationally prominent professionals in the design of major institutions. Becket’s work is found throughout the world with notable Commissions in Cairo, Havana, Manila, Honolulu, Tokyo, Boston, Philadelphia, Kansas City and Dallas, and includes numerous civic designs. Vern O. Knutsen, a professor and Chancellor of UCLA, was the world’s leading authority on architectural acoustics, and a master designer of acoustically significant facilities. His principles in architectural acoustics became the foundation for the design of contemporary soundstages. Additionally, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is associated with countless events and public performances, like no other facility in the City. These performances have represented the diversity for which Santa Monica has become renown. A few prominent examples include an array of musicians from Andre Previn and Dave Brubeck in 1959 to Pete Seeger, Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett, Joan Baez and Bob Dylan in the 1960’s, to Elton John, Ray Charles, Arlo Guthrie, the Beach Boys and the Carpenters in the 1970’s. The number of performances eventually reached a level of nearly 60 concerts annually in the peak years of the 1970s. The auditorium also hosted several prominent comedians in the early years of their careers, such as Bill Cosby, Jonathan Winters and Bob Hope, as well as a 1967 performance by Beatnik poet Allen Ginsburg. Therefore, this resource meets this criterion. (4) It embodies distinguishing architectural characteristics valuable to a study of a period, style, method of construction, or the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship, or is a unique or rare example of an architectural design, detail, or historical type to such a study. The Civic Auditorium is an excellent example of the mid-century International Style in the City th of Santa Monica. The style was a response to the industrialization of the late 19 and early th 20 centuries. It advocated the use of the “machine”, rather than historical precedents for building and product designs, as well as the use of contemporary materials such as steel, concrete and glass for their construction. The Civic Auditorium retains many significant character-defining elements of this style, including, a grand canopy, supported by parabolic pylons, a glass curtain wall, and brise-soleil. The Civic Auditorium also retains a number of significant interior features that are integral to the overall concept of the Civic Auditorium’s architecture. Conceived as a space for a variety of activities, Welton Beckett designed the Civic Auditorium for functionality and flexibility. Some intact features that are part of the public space include the original adjustable auditorium main hall hydraulic floor, touted as revolutionary for its time, the innovative acoustical design and the soundproof sliding doors to the east conference rooms. Additionally, although some alterations have been made, interior elements such as the wood paneling in the lobby, the auditorium entry doors, the volume and configuration of the lobby (both the first and second floors including the height and semi-circular shape of the lobby, the upper lobby’s shape being reflective of the lower lobby, and the columns), all contributing to the overall light, open and modernistic feeling), the volume and configuration of the auditorium main hall, the metal acoustical panels and wall sconces in the auditorium main hall, and the two floating staircases in the lobby, all attributes of the building’s integral design, remain intact and continue to be valuable to a study of this unique architectural style and method of construction. The Civic Auditorium also includes some character-defining features in the backstage area that are not part of the public space, and thus not part of the landmark designation. These include the orchestra pit hydraulic lift mechanism, stage area and proscenium opening, stage rigging and historic signage along the east wall at the rear of the stage. As a resource that still retains a comprehensive integrity of its original architectural design, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium satisfies this criterion. (5) It is a significant or a representative example of the work or product of a notable builder, designer, or architect. The Civic Auditorium is the only surviving institutional design of master architect and Santa Monica resident Welton Becket in the City of Santa Monica. Becket is significant not only as a leading local designer, but, internationally. His work is found throughout the world with notable commissions in Cairo, Havana, Manila, Honolulu, Tokyo, Boston, Philadelphia, Kansas City, and Dallas, and includes numerous civic designs. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is also significant for its association with internationally renowned acoustical engineer Vern O. Knutsen. Knutsen, a professor and Chancellor of UCLA, was the world's leading authority on architectural acoustics, and a master designer of acoustically significant facilities. An ardent researcher and author on architectural acoustics, Knutsen wrote two seminal books and over one hundred articles, which appeared in scientific and technical journals. As a consultant he was responsible for the acoustical design of over five hundred structures. His principles in architectural acoustics became the foundation for the design of contemporary soundstages. The systems developed for the Civic Auditorium by Knutsen are still highly functional and have required minimal maintenance over the last 43 years. Therefore, the Civic Auditorium meets this designation criterion. (6) It has a unique location, a singular physical characteristic, or is an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community or the City. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium has a unique location within the Civic Center, at the bend of Main Street. Its grand scale, and unique design with futuristic pylons, commands attention as one travels south along Main Street. Pigmy Date Palm trees frame the north entry to the building. The Civic Auditorium is also a familiar and integral part of the Civic Center complex. The Civic Auditorium is, thus, an important visual monument in the City of Santa Monica. Therefore, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium satisfies this criterion. Evaluation of Interior Public Spaces The City’s consultant, who also drafted the initial report on the Civic Auditorium (Attachment A), evaluated the interior public spaces for character-defining features. The attached supplemental memo (Attachment B) specifies the most important elements of the building’s interior public spaces. They include: ? Configuration of lobby spaces (first and second floors) and auditorium entry doors (height and semi-circular shape of lobby, upper lobby shape reflective of lower lobby, and columns contributing to the overall light, open and modernistic feeling); ? Wood paneling along south wall of first floor lobby; ? Two original lobby staircases; ? Volume and configuration of auditorium main hall space; ? Adjustable auditorium main hall floor with hydraulic lift mechanism; ? Metal acoustical panels and wall sconces in auditorium main hall; ? Soundproof sliding doors to conference room (adjacent to the east elevation). These elements should be noted as significant elements of the building’s interior public spaces and included in the designation. There have already been some alterations to the lobby and auditorium main hall areas, but there are enough remaining original and unique features that contribute to the character of the Civic Auditorium. By listing these features within the designation, the Commission would ensure that any future changes to these elements would be executed based on compliance with the Secretary of Interior’s Standards for Historic Preservation through a Certificate of Appropriateness. Additionally, staff notes that Welton Beckett designed features of the Civic Auditorium, which, while part of the building’s overall concept, are not in public areas and thus not eligible for inclusion as part of the landmark designation. These include: ? Orchestra pit hydraulic lift mechanism; ? Stage area and proscenium opening; ? Stage rigging and historic signage (at rear of the stage along the east wall); It is recommended that future alterations to these features are undertaken with sensitivity to their original intent, although such activity would not require Landmarks Commission review. PUBLIC NOTIFICATION Pursuant to SMMC section 9.36.120, notice of the public hearing was mailed to all owners and residential and commercial tenants of property within a 300-foot radius of the project and was published in the section of at least ten consecutive calendar days “California” TheLos Angeles Times prior to the hearing. A copy of the notice is included as Attachment C. RECOMMENDATION Staff believes this building meets all six of the designation criteria and recommends that the Commission designate the building at 1855 Main Street as a City Landmark based on the findings below. Staff further recommends that the Commission include approval of the following interior improvements that are public spaces: ? Configuration of lobby spaces (first and second floors) and auditorium entry doors (height and semi-circular shape of lobby, upper lobby shape reflective of lower lobby, and columns contributing to the overall light, open and modernistic feeling); ? Wood paneling along south wall of first floor lobby; ? Two original lobby staircases; ? Volume and configuration of auditorium main hall space; ? Adjustable auditorium main hall floor with hydraulic lift mechanism; ? Metal acoustical panels and wall sconces in auditorium main hall; ? Soundproof sliding doors to conference room (adjacent to the east elevation). FINDINGS Per SMMC 9.36.100 (a), staff recommends that the Landmarks Commission designate the Civic Auditorium as a City landmark, including the features listed above located within the interior public space, based on the following findings: (1) It exemplifies, symbolizes, or manifests elements of the cultural, social, economic, political, or architectural history of the City. This building was constructed in 1958 in response to the development of the Santa Monica Civic Center. It was the third of three major 20th century Civic Center structures, beginning with the Art Deco style City Hall, designed by Los Angeles architect Donald Parkinson and completed in 1938 and the Los Angeles County Courthouse, which was added in 1951. It remains an excellent example of the International Style (Modern), a style that dominated the th architectural face of the globe from the first decade of the 20 century until 1972. It is the only surviving institutional design in the City of Santa Monica. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium replaced a classically inspired facility that had been located at Lick Pier, known as the Ocean Park Municipal Auditorium. In this way, its construction also served to strengthen the function of the Civic Center as a primary hub of activity. Therefore, this resource satisfies this criterion. (2) It has aesthetic or artistic interest or value, or other noteworthy interest or value. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is an excellent example of the mid-century International Style, and the only such example of the work of master architect Welton Becket in the City. Furthermore, it is significant for the unique engineering design of its hydraulic floor, the largest in the nation at the time. This was a landmark use of hydraulic technology for adapting an assembly space to accommodate a vast variety of stage performances, athletic events, and exhibitions. It proved to be the forerunner to the retractable domes and flexible seating of contemporary stadiums (Alan Lieb, 2001). Finally, its acoustical design by world-renowned acoustical engineer, UCLA Chancellor Vern O. Knutsen, was described as, “the most perfect and…(deserving)…a rating higher than that of the Royal Festival Hall in London” (Becket, 2001, and May 1959). Thus, as a truly remarkable resource, the Progressive Architecture, Santa Monica Civic Auditorium meets this criterion. (3) It is identified with historic personages or with important events in local, state or national history. The Civic Auditorium is associated with its architect, Welton Becket, as well as its acoustical engineer Vern O. Knutsen, both internationally prominent professionals in the design of major institutions. Becket’s work is found throughout the world with notable Commissions in Cairo, Havana, Manila, Honolulu, Tokyo, Boston, Philadelphia, Kansas City and Dallas, and includes numerous civic designs. Vern O. Knutsen, a professor and Chancellor of UCLA, was the world’s leading authority on architectural acoustics, and a master designer of acoustically significant facilities. His principles in architectural acoustics became the foundation for the design of contemporary soundstages. Additionally, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is associated with countless events and public performances, like no other facility in the City. These performances have represented the diversity for which Santa Monica has become renown. A few prominent examples include an array of musicians from Andre Previn and Dave Brubeck in 1959 to Pete Seeger, Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett, Joan Baez and Bob Dylan in the 1960’s, to Elton John, Ray Charles, Arlo Guthrie, the Beach Boys and the Carpenters in the 1970’s. The number of performances eventually reached a level of nearly 60 concerts annually in the peak years of the 1970s. The auditorium also hosted several prominent comedians in the early years of their careers, such as Bill Cosby, Jonathan Winters and Bob Hope, as well as a 1967 performance by Beatnik poet Allen Ginsburg. Therefore, this resource meets this criterion. (4) It embodies distinguishing architectural characteristics valuable to a study of a period, style, method of construction, or the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship, or is a unique or rare example of an architectural design, detail, or historical type to such a study. The Civic Auditorium is an excellent example of the mid-century International Style in the City th of Santa Monica. The style was a response to the industrialization of the late 19 and early th 20 centuries. It advocated the use of the “machine”, rather than historical precedents for building and product designs, as well as the use of contemporary materials such as steel, concrete and glass for their construction. The Civic Auditorium retains many significant character-defining elements of this style, including, a grand canopy, supported by parabolic pylons, a glass curtain wall, and brise-soleil. The Civic Auditorium also retains a number of significant interior features that are integral to the overall concept of the Civic Auditorium’s architecture. Conceived as a space for a variety of activities, Welton Beckett designed the Civic Auditorium for functionality and flexibility. Some intact features that are part of the public space include the original adjustable auditorium main hall hydraulic floor, touted as revolutionary for its time, the innovative acoustical design and the soundproof sliding doors to the east conference rooms. Additionally, although some alterations have been made, interior elements such as the wood paneling in the lobby, the auditorium entry doors, the volume and configuration of the lobby (both the first and second floors including the height and semi-circular shape of the lobby, the upper lobby’s shape being reflective of the lower lobby, and the columns), all contributing to the overall light, open and modernistic feeling), the volume and configuration of the auditorium main hall, the metal acoustical panels and wall sconces in the auditorium main hall, and the two floating staircases in the lobby, all attributes of the building’s integral design, remain intact and continue to be valuable to a study of this unique architectural style and method of construction. The Civic Auditorium also includes some character-defining features in the backstage area that are not part of the public space, and thus not part of the landmark designation. These include the orchestra pit hydraulic lift mechanism, stage area and proscenium opening, stage rigging and historic signage along the east wall at the rear of the stage. As a resource that still retains a comprehensive integrity of its original architectural design, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium satisfies this criterion. (5) It is a significant or a representative example of the work or product of a notable builder, designer, or architect. The Civic Auditorium is the only surviving institutional design of master architect and Santa Monica resident Welton Becket in the City of Santa Monica. Becket is significant not only as a leading local designer, but, internationally. His work is found throughout the world with notable commissions in Cairo, Havana, Manila, Honolulu, Tokyo, Boston, Philadelphia, Kansas City, and Dallas, and includes numerous civic designs. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is also significant for its association with internationally renowned acoustical engineer Vern O. Knutsen. Knutsen, a professor and Chancellor of UCLA, was the world's leading authority on architectural acoustics, and a master designer of acoustically significant facilities. An ardent researcher and author on architectural acoustics, Knutsen wrote two seminal books and over one hundred articles, which appeared in scientific and technical journals. As a consultant he was responsible for the acoustical design of over five hundred structures. His principles in architectural acoustics became the foundation for the design of contemporary soundstages. The systems developed for the Civic Auditorium by Knutsen are still highly functional and have required minimal maintenance over the last 43 years. Therefore, the Civic Auditorium meets this designation criterion. (6) It has a unique location, a singular physical characteristic, or is an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community or the City. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium has a unique location within the Civic Center, at the bend of Main Street. Its grand scale, and unique design with futuristic pylons, commands attention as one travels south along Main Street. Pigmy Date Palm trees frame the north entry to the building. The Civic Auditorium is also a familiar and integral part of the Civic Center complex. The Civic Auditorium is, thus, an important visual monument in the City of Santa Monica. Therefore, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium satisfies this criterion. Attachments: D. Evaluation Report E. Supplemental Memo on Historical Significance of the Civic Auditorium’s Interior Public Spaces F. Public Notice ATTACHMENT C Landmarks Commission Minutes dated October 8, 2001 and November 12, 2001 MINUTES MEETING OF THE LANDMARKS COMMISSION Founded 1875 “Populus felix in urbe felici” Monday, October 8, 2001 City Council Chambers 7:00 p.m. 1685 Main Street, Room 213 1. CALL TO ORDER: 7:00 p.m. 2. ROLL CALL: Present: Commissioner Bolton Commissioner Genser Chair Pro Tem Lehrer Commissioner Posek Commissioner Schnitzler Chairperson Alofsin Also Present: Liz Bar-El, Staff Liaison Kimberly Christensen, Sr. Planner Blake Lyon, Assistant Planner 3. REPORT FROM STAFF: The Staff Liaison, Liz Bar-El informed the Commission that the Historic Preservation Element will be going to City Council on November 27, 2001. 4. APPROVAL OF MINUTES: Public Input Permitted A. September 10, 2001 Commissioner Genser moved to approve the minutes. Commissioner Schnitzler seconded and the motion passed unanimously by voice vote. 5. PUBLIC INPUT: (On items not on agenda and within the jurisdiction of the Commission) nd Nina Fresco, member of OPCO, In regard to 2712 2 Street, she stated that this property was built in 1875, was part of the Abbott Kinney tract and is the last existing house of its kind. She stated that Mario Fondo-Bernardi of OPCO, suggested moving it to a pocket park in Ocean Park. Stated there was talk of a community fundraiser to show support of the building and get a percentage of a down payment in which the city could purchase the building and use as an historical building, museum or bookstore, or other historic outlet that could help educate the public. Stated she would like to know if they could bring the item back to the Landmarks Commission for discussion of other relocation options. 6. COMMUNICATIONS: (Public discussion by the person presenting the communication on items not on agenda and within the jurisdiction of the Commission) Commissioner Schnitzler stated that on October 24, at 7:00 p.m. at the Main library, Christy McAvoy would be speaking on the recent North of Montana survey. This presentation is sponsored by NOMA and friends of the library. Admission is free. She also stated that NOMA received correspondence from the property owner of 1910 Adelaide Drive, who would like to have her home designated a landmark. Also Councilman Holbrook stated he would like to have a discussion regarding the Angels Attic property at 516 Colorado Avenue and moving the building. 7. CONSENT CALENDAR: None Public Input Permitted 8. PUBLIC HEARINGS: Public Input Permitted A. Certificate of Appropriateness No. LC-01-CA-004, 200 Santa Monica Pier. Public hearing to consider installation of a 560 lineal foot long, 3-½ foot high security railing to replace an existing railing, located adjacent to the north side of the Pier’s promenade from the Boathouse restaurant to the west end of the asphalt paving. Commissioner Lehrer questioned the spacing of the railing. Rick Valte of the City’s Engineering Department stated that the building code requires 4-inch spacing. Commission Genser moved for approval of the staff report. Commissioner Schnitzler seconded and the motion passed unanimously by voice vote. B. Landmark Designation Application LC-01-LM-004, 1855 Main Street (Civic Auditorium) Public hearing to determine whether the application is appropriate for formal consideration of Landmark Designation Application. Alan Lieb, member of the public, stated that this building could possibly qualify for the national register. Also stated he would like the Commission to consider restoring the reflecting pool that was in front of the building if budget is available to do so. Chair Pro Tem Lehrer commended staff for the well-written report. She also agrees with Mr. Lieb’s statement for the national register. She felt that both the interior and exterior has significant characteristics. Commissioner Genser stated he has some concerns but definitely wants to support taking this to the next level. Commissioner Bolton stated that they should keep the option open to move into whatever venue evolves in the next year. Commissioner Posek stated concern that it would become more complicated because it will be a much longer process. Stated the Commission must look down the road to see what the possibilities of the building might be. Commissioner Schnitzler supports the designation and if the use changes over time, the Commission could review a Certificate of Appropriateness. Commissioner Genser moved to schedule a public hearing for next month, to discuss the entire building (interior and exterior) with the option to add specifics after a walkthrough of the building. Commissioner Posek seconded and the motion passed by the following vote. Ayes: Bolton, Genser, Posek, Schnitzler, Lehrer, Alofsin Nayes: None Abstain: None Chairperson Alofsin asked that the Commissioners retain their material on this item for next month’s meeting. The Commission would like to meet to conduct a walkthrough preferably on Monday, November 12, 2001 at 6:00pm before the public meeting if possible. C. Structure of Merit Application No. LC-01-LM-005, 224 18th Street. Public hearing to consider a Structure of Merit Designation Application for a single-family residence located at 224 18th Street, within the 18th Street grouping listed on the City’s Historic Resources Inventory. MINUTES MEETING OF THE LANDMARKS COMMISSION Founded 1875 “Populus felix in urbe felici” Monday, November 12, 2001 5:30 p.m.: Site tour of Civic Auditorium 1855 Main Street, meet in lobby 7:00 p.m.: Regular Meeting City Council Chambers 1685 Main Street, Room 213 1. CALL TO ORDER: 2. ROLL CALL Present: Commissioner Fresco Commissioner Genser Commissioner Posek Commissioner Schnitzler Commissioner Lehrer Commissioner Alofsin Absent: Commissioner Bolton Also Present: Liz Bar-El, Staff Liaison Kimberly Christensen, Sr Planner Blake Lyon, Assistant Planner 3. INDUCTION OF NEW COMMISSIONER: NINA FRESCO 4. REPORT FROM STAFF: th Staff Liaison, Liz Bar-El notified the Commission that 224 18 will go to City Council on thth November 13. Also the Preservation Element has been rescheduled from November 27 to th December 18 due consultant availability. The staff report will be out on the Friday prior to th December 18. Also, progress is being made on the Historic Inventory. Staff will give the Commission a full report tentatively in December, if the consultant is prepared. If not, it will be available in January 2002. She also mentioned that some trees were being cut down in the 3rd St. Neighborhood Historic District. The City had an arborist go out and look at a Eucalyptus tree, which was allowed to be cut down. Staff is keeping track that the other trees on the property are not cut down without proper permits. th She also stated that 1437 4 Street has been approved for a 3- floor addition. They are going to keep the historic façade. It has gone through ARB, but because it did not meet the definition of a substantial remodel, it did not come before the Landmarks Commission. She stated that staff would agendize discussions of next year’s priorities in December and rules in January 2002. 5. APPROVAL OF MINUTES: Public Input Permitted B. October 8, 2001 Commissioner Posek moved to approve the minutes with a correction on page 3, which should omit the statement “the building should be frozen in time.” Chair Pro Tem Lehrer seconded and the motion passed by voice vote, with Commissioner Fresco abstaining. 6. PUBLIC INPUT: (On items not on agenda and within the jurisdiction of the Commission) 7. COMMUNICATIONS: (Public discussion by the person presenting the communication on items not on agenda and within the jurisdiction of the Commission) Robert Ulrich, property owner, He stated that the Third Street Historic District would like to discuss a way to save the mature trees in the district that are visible from the street. Stated that even though the arborist came out, there was no involvement from the community on this issue. It is important that they define and adopt a landscape review and some kind of approval policy. Jerry Rubin, member of the public, stated that he would like to voice his support and get support from the Commissioners to look into some possible recognition for Chez Jay’s Restaurant. He stated the facility deserves some attention because of the integrity of the person that owns it and his involvement in the city. Stated he would like to agendize discussion. 8. CONSENT CALENDAR: Public Input Permitted A. Statement of Official Action: Structure of Merit Designation Application No. LC-01-LM- th 005, 224 18 Street. Chair Pro Tem Lehrer moved to approve the Statement of Official Action. Commissioner Posek seconded, and the motion unanimously passed by voice vote, with Commissioner Fresco abstaining. B. Statement of Official Action: Certificate of Appropriateness No. LC-01-CA-004, 200 Santa Monica Pier, to install a 560 lineal foot, 3 ½ foot high security railing to replace an existing railing located on the Santa Monica Pier’s Promenade extending from the Boathouse Restaurant to the west end of the asphalt paving. Commissioner Posek moved to approve the Statement of Official Action. Commissioner Genser seconded and the motion unanimously passed by voice vote, with Commissioner Fresco abstaining. 9. PUBLIC HEARINGS: Public Input Permitted A. Landmark Designation Application LC-01-LM-004, 1855 Main Street (Civic Auditorium) to formally consider Landmark Designation. Carole Curtin, thanked everyone for coming on the tour. Stated that staff is sensitive to those elements that are original to the building, however they have to do things to maintain them, such as painting and repairing wear and tear to the building. During the flooring project, which will happen in 2002, they will close the building to strengthen the floor. It will not change the look of the floor; the work will be done underneath. Andy Agle, Deputy Director, stated the primary element is making more of a community focus on the visual arts and performing arts of the auditorium. Stated we may see more of a mix of events going on at the auditorium. Also stated that parking would go underneath the future expansion areas. One of the overriding goals is to make the Civic Center more pedestrian friendly. Jan Ostashay, PCR, stated that in the staff report they made recommendations for the character defining features in the interior as well as the exterior features. However the Commission could modify them. Chair Pro Tem Lehrer, thanked staff for the tour and stated that we should also pursue adding the Civic to the National Register. Commissioner Genser inquired about the expansion plans for the Civic Auditorium. Andy Agle stated that the east wing would be expanded, still keeping the setback, but expanded to accommodate perhaps the art gallery type spaces or community meeting rooms. Jerry Rubin, member of the public, stated it would be good to look into bringing back the water element in front of the building. He agrees with texture coating the sidewalk and agrees that the City is trying to make the Civic a multi-purpose facility, which is what it is supposed to be. Trudi Sandmeier, L.A. Conservancy, stated that this is wonderful flexible space that has some particular important character defining features that should be protected. However, it does not mean the building cannot be adapted and changed for the needs of the next century of use. She would like to see the building designated, including the interior features as recommended by staff. Chuck Allard, Citizens for a Safer Santa Monica, stated he is against the designation of the Civic Center. He stated we are going to lose the view with the Rand building going up. Stated he would like to know exactly what is planned for the building, and asked the Commission to postpone their decision to a future meeting until they knew what is planned for the property. Stated that if the Commission voted in favor of the designation, he would appeal it to the City Council. Council Liaison, Pam O’Connor explained that this item would eventually go to the City Council and they would evaluate the impact on any existing buildings. The ultimate decision would be based on competing demands and balancing of things. Chair Pro Tem Lehrer, stated that the Commission had this discussion early on when they began to consider taking formal action on the Civic Auditorium. Stated the staff report clearly outlines that it is a significant historic building. It has certain architectural features and certain history to it, which are facts. Stated the purpose of the designation is to allow that to come into the discussion about planning the future. It does not mean they can’t change or expand anything, physically or programmatically. It means we look at how the building would be affected by any of these proposed changes and treat that with respect. Stated this is the right time to be doing this. Commissioner Genser wanted to know if the Landmarks Commission approves this, could City Council make changes to designation. Ms. Christensen stated that the City Council could either uphold the Landmarks decision in whole or in part, or deny it. Once the building is designated, any modifications that would involve the specific features would require certificate of appropriateness, which would also come before the Landmarks Commission. Chair Pro Tem Lehrer moved to designate the Civic Auditorium and adopt staff’s findings and specifically include the interior features on page 6 of the report as recommended by staff. Commissioner Schnitzler seconded and the motion passed by the following vote: Ayes: Fresco, Genser, Posek, Schnitzler, Lehrer, Alofsin Nayes: None Abstain: None Absent: Bolton B. Landmark Designation Application LC-01-LM-006, 1455 4th Street (Lido Hotel) to formally consider Landmark Designation. ATTACHMENT D City Landmark Evaluation Report, dated September 28, 2001 Santa Monica Civic Auditorium 1855 Main Street Santa Monica, California City Landmark Evaluation Report Evaluation Report Site Map Photographs of Current Conditions Inventory Form Prepared for: City of Santa Monica Prepared by: PCR Services Corporation Santa Monica, CA September 28, 2001 City of Santa Monica 1855 Main Street Landmark Evaluation Report BACKGROUND INFORMATION Description of site or structure, note any major alterations and dates of alterations The Civic Auditorium is located at 1855 Main Street on Lot 902, Block 2 in the Bandini Tract in the City of Santa Monica. It is sited south of the Central Business District, on the east side of Main Street, south of the City Hall and opposite the Rand Corporation. Due to its age at the time, this building was not evaluated in the 1985-1986 City of Santa Monica Historic Building Inventory Phase 2, the 1993 Santa Monica Historic Resources Inventory Phase 3or the 1995 City of Santa Monica Post-Northridge Earthquake Historic Resources Inventory Update. Completed in 1958, this structure was designed in the International Style (Modern) as a multifunctional Civic Auditorium by the Los Angeles-based firm of Welton Beckett and Associates Architects. The contractors were C.L. Peck Construction & Realty Co. and Millie and Severn (Severson). The acoustical consultant was Vern O. Knutsen (UCLA) and Harold E. Shugart Co. Inc.—Acoustical Engineers and Contractors (Glendale) served as the acoustical engineers. Murray Erick Associates were the project’s structural engineers. The Air Conditioning Co., Inc. supplied the HVAC, RCA Victor engineers designed the stereophonic sound system, and the woodwork was provided by United Wood Products Co. (Inglewood). In plan, this building is roughly “t”-shaped, facing City Hall to the northwest. Constructed of reinforced concrete, it is capped by an arched, built-up bituminous roof with a concrete fly-tower. The primary elevation (north) is dominated by six tall parabolic pylons supporting a cantilevered canopy, leading to a glazed curtain wall shielded by a full-façade concrete brise-soleil. Originally, these pylons rested in a shallow concrete reflecting pool, which was removed shortly after completion. Centered below the canopy is a box office with a concession stand, flanked by two sets of paired, glazed, metal doors. The west elevation is defined by two glazed metal doors serving as means of exit from the public lobby, followed by a single-story projecting wing (housing the general offices), an emergency exit, and a service entrance to the stage. The east elevation consists of doors (matching those of the lobby along the north elevation), followed by a single- story projecting wing (housing a meeting room and a catering kitchen). Finally, the rear (south) elevation is dominated by a central, metal industrial sliding door, providing access to backstage. The interior is accessed via a large public lobby with open, rectilinear concrete, steel and wood stairs at both the northwest and southeast corners, and a wood-clad snack bar. The original floor was replaced in 1997 by a commissioned terrazzo public art piece by Renée Petropoulos, entitled, “Two Hundred Movements and a View”. A wood-paneled, interior wall curves around auditorium seating. The auditorium was described in 2001 by Bruce Becket (son of Welton Becket) as having, “the most perfect (acoustics) and deserved a rating higher than that of the Royal Festival Hall in London.” The auditorium incorporates five sections of fixed seating in the upper concourse, and an open concrete main floor, which can be modified to accommodate additional theater seating for concerts, open space for exhibitions, or basketball or tennis courts. This flexibility is accomplished by means of portable seating and a hydraulic tilting platform floor. The hydraulic floor, designed by Murray Erick Associates, was the Progressive Architecture, largest in the nation at the time of its completion ( 1959.) The floor slope can be adjusted from either the stage level or from the basement. No original theater seats remain. A large catwalk runs above much of the auditorium space below, and is accessed from backstage via a stairway. The stage with a simple proscenium is located at the south end of the auditorium, preceded by a 94-chair capacity orchestra pit. Original rigging and signage remains in place. Dressing rooms, some with intact original fixtures, are located to the rear and right of stage right, while the backstage of stage left is used for storage. To the left (east) of the auditorium is a large, soundproof, sliding door, leading to an open meeting room. Exterior access is provided into this space by means of five glazed steel doors along the northwest wall. Restrooms and a large catering kitchen located off the south wall, are accessed via four interior doors. The kitchen contains original cabinets, work counters, stove and a walk-in freezer. The second story to the public areas is accessed via the lobby stairs. It consists of a second lobby space, which continues the terrazzo flooring design from below. A curving wood paneled interior wall is interrupted by recessed doorways, providing access to the upper seats as well as to the projection booths. The rear wall behind the stadium seating is clad in light blue acoustical panels. Side walls of the auditorium support original sconce light fixtures. The basement accommodates storage space, as well as the original hydraulic tilt system required to adjust the auditorium floor. Building Permit Data The original permits were applied for on November 1, 1956, and according to permit records no major modifications were noted until 1991. Though it is apparent from photographs that the reflecting pool was removed shortly following the building’s completion. Two original circular lobby snack bars were removed in 1991 and replaced by a new facility collocated with an expanded box office. The kitchen was remodeled in 1993 and a solar- paneled carport was introduced in the parking lot north of the main elevation in 1998. Thus, the Civic Auditorium appears to be largely intact. Statement of Architectural Significance The Civic Auditorium is an excellent example of the International Style (Modern), a style that dominated the th architectural face of the globe from the first decade of the 20 century until 1972. The style was a response to the thth industrialization of the late 19 and early 20 centuries. It advocated the use of the “machine”, rather than historical precedents for building and product designs, as well as the use of contemporary materials such as steel, concrete and glass for their construction. The Modern Movement emphasized a rational approach to design, and many architects designed their buildings following Mies van der Rohe’s credo of, “less is more”. Common character-defining features of this style include, flat roofs, curtain walls, large expanses of walls devoid of ornamentation, rectilinear, string, or ribbon windows –flush with exterior walls, and lacking pronounced sills or lintels, and those following the theories of Le Corbusier, incorporated brise-soleils. Their interiors were simple, minimalist spaces, lacking applied decoration. Space would flow freely, interrupted by few walls and filled with limited functional furniture. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is an excellent example of the International Style. Statement of Historical Importance Santa Monica. In 1875, the original townsite of Santa Monica was surveyed, including all the land extending th from Colorado Street on the south to Montana Avenue on the north, and from 26 Street on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west. Between 1893 and the 1920s, the community operated as a tourist attraction, visited by mostly wealthy patrons. Those areas just outside of the incorporated city limits were semi-rural in setting and were populated with scattered residences. After the advent of the automobile in the 1920s, Santa Monica experienced a - 41 - significant building boom, which included the development of the area known as Ocean Park, south of the downtown commercial district. A wide arroyo used by the railroads (present-day, Olympic Boulevard,) separated the downtown and Ocean Park until the construction of the Main Street Bridge in 1925. Once the bridge was in place, plans began for the Santa Monica Outlook development of a new civic center. In 1936, the and the Santa Monica Realty Board Santa Monica Mirror, sponsored a design competition for its design ( 1999). The first building to be constructed, the City Hall, was located immediately to the southeast of the bridge, on the eastern half of a 40-acre site secured from the Southern Pacific Railroad. Completed in 1938, the City Hall was designed in the Art Deco style by Los Angeles architect, Donald Parkinson. Subsequently, the Los Angeles County Courthouse was added in 1951, and the Civic Auditorium was completed in 1958. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium replaced a Classically inspired facility located at Lick Pier, known as the Ocean Park Municipal Auditorium. Since its construction, The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium has served as a major landmark in the City, hosting countless concerts, exhibits, athletic competitions, as well as public assemblies. Person(s) of Historical Importance Welton Becket. The Civic Auditorium was designed by master architect, Welton Becket. Becket is significant not only as a leading Southern California designer, but also internationally. His work is found throughout the world with notable commissions in Cairo, Havana, Manila, Honolulu, Tokyo, Boston, Philadelphia, Kansas City, and Dallas, and includes numerous civic designs. Welton “Welt” David Becket was born to a builder father in Seattle on August 8, 1902. In 1927, Beckett received his degree in architecture from the University of Washington, and pursued graduate study at the Ecole de Beaux Arts in France. Following his training at the Ecole, Becket began his practice in 1929 as chief designer for Los Angeles architect, C. Waldo Powers. Three years later, he moved to Seattle to open a private practice in partnership with classmate Walter Wurdeman and established architect Charles Plummer, forming, “Plummer, Wurdeman and Becket.” The firm relocated to Los Angeles in 1933, and struggled operating on a shoestring, with limited commissions for designing of local residences, until winning an international competition in 1934 for the Art Moderne design of the Pan Pacific Auditorium (Hollywood). The Pan Pacific Auditorium was completed in 1935, and received the Honor Award by the Southern California Chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA). It was destroyed by fire in 1989. The publicity that was associated with the award-winning project resulted in many new commissions, including the design of numerous, “Period Revival” celebrity residences in Bel Air. Frowning on the bastardization of these historicized buildings by interior designers, the firm responded by advocating the concept that they called, “Total Design”. This approach called for the complete control of the building design, from engineering, to landscaping, and furnishing. Plummer died in 1939, and the firm reorganized as, “Wurdeman and Becket”. That year in response to the World War II effort, “Wurdeman and Becket” was awarded a contract by the military for the design and construction of 1,400 housing units in southern California for military families and war workers. This project allowed the firm to grow and cemented its position as a leading architectural firm in Los Angeles. Other projects quickly followed, including, “The House for Tomorrow” a prototype dwelling for builder Fritz Burns, a theater and store complex for the Linda Vista Housing Project in San Diego (1943), and Buffums Department Store in Santa Ana (1949) The firm, “Welton Becket and Associates” was founded following the death of Wurdeman in 1949, and grew from a firm of fewer than 50 employees to a staff of over 500, with offices in New York City, Houston, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. The firm’s first commission was for the design of the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills. Other local projects include: the Capitol Records Tower (Hollywood), the Music Center (Los Angeles), the Federal Building (Los Angeles), Police Facilities Building (Los Angeles), Century City (Los Angeles), W & B Petroleum Building (Los - 42 - Angeles), the Prudential Western Building (Los Angeles), the Texaco Building (Los Angeles), the Memorial Sports Arena (Los Angeles), California Federal Savings (Los Angeles), the Cinemadome (Hollywood), the Music Center (Los Angeles), Civic Center (Orange), and the Bullocks Pasadena store –all designed in the Modern idiom, ranging from Art Moderne, to International, to Neoexpressionism. Welton Becket, a Santa Monica resident, was the recipient of countless awards throughout his career, including induction as a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1952. His design for the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium was recognized by the AIA with an Honor Award in 1960. Becket died in 1969. Within three months, his 40-year career was honored by a tribute exhibit, “The Architecture of Welton Becket”. Vern Oliver Knutsen. Vern Knutsen is significant as an internationally renowned acoustical engineer. Knutsen, a professor and Chancellor of UCLA, was the world's leading authority on architectural acoustics, and a master designer of acoustically significant facilities. An ardent researcher and author on architectural acoustics, Knutsen wrote two seminal books and over one hundred articles, which appeared in scientific and technical journals. As a consultant he was responsible for the acoustical design of over five hundred structures. His principles in architectural acoustics became the foundation for the design of contemporary soundstages. Vern Knudsen was born in Provo, Utah, on December 27, 1893. He entered Brigham Young University in 1911 and received his B.A. degree in 1915. In 1918 Knutsen joined the Bell Telephone Laboratories (then Western Electric), where he collaborated in the development of the then emerging vacuum-tube technology. During World War I, he applied the new vacuum-tube circuits to the study of Earth parasitic currents. Following the war he entered the University of Chicago and wrote his doctoral dissertation on the application of acoustics to the problem of hearing. He received his Ph.D. in physics magna cum laude in 1922, and accepted the position of instructor at newly established UCLA. Knutsen’s early research at UCLA focused on, “…experiments that uncovered the role that relaxation processes, involving the vibrational and rotational states of gas molecules, play in affecting the attenuation and dispersion of sound, and the way in which the measurement of these two acoustical quantities can be used to understand certain properties of molecular dynamics” (Arlt, et. al, 1976). During World War II, Knudsen played a key role in antisubmarine efforts, and served as the first director of the Naval Undersea Research and Development Center in San Diego; and was a member of the National Research Council. At UCLA, Knutsen was instrumental in establishing the Graduate Division in physics and became its first dean, serving from 1934 to 1958. In 1956 he was appointed vice chancellor, and then chancellor in 1959, until his mandatory retirement in 1960. Upon retirement, Vern Knudsen devoted his full attention to acoustics, its theory and applications, including architectural acoustics. Vern Knudsen was one of the founders of the Acoustical Society of America, serving as president from 1933 to 35. He was a member of the Los Angeles Building and Safety Commission, president of the California Institute for Cancer Research and president of the Hollywood Bowl Association. In honor of his achievements, Vern Knutsen was awarded countless honors, and prizes, including Sabine Medal (1958) and Gold Medal (1967) by the Acoustical Society of America; American Association for the Advancement of - 43 - Science Prize (1934); and honorary degrees from Brigham Young University and UCLA. Additionally, the physics building at UCLA bears his name, and two Vern Knudsen Graduate Fellowships in Physics are supported by the Hope for Hearing Foundation. Knutsen died of pneumonia on May 13, 1974, at the age of eighty. Others. Numerous other persons of note are associated with the Civic Auditorium, including countless actors, musicians, and athletes who performed throughout the facility’s history. Statement of other significance National This property appears to meet criteria for aesthetic or artistic value as the work of a master, as defined in Register Bulletin 15, “How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, ” possessing a great deal of integrity and character-defining features of the International Style. Is the structure representative of a style in the City that is no longer prevalent? This assembly building is a notable example of the mid-century International Style, and the design of master architect, Welton Becket. It is the only such example in the City of Santa Monica. Does the structure contribute to a potential historic district? No district has been identified associated with the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium. A. CONCLUSION In summary, based on previous research and the above evaluation, it appears that the Civic Auditorium, located at 1855 Main Street, appears to meet the City of Santa Monica criteria for individual City Landmark status, and was evaluated according to statutory criteria as follows: 9.36.100(a)(1) It exemplifies, symbolizes, or manifests elements of the cultural, social, economic, political or architectural history of the City. This building was constructed in response to the development of the Santa Monica Civic Center, and remains an excellent example of the International Style (Modern), a style that dominated the architectural face of the globe th from the first decade of the 20 century until 1972. It is the only surviving institutional design of Welton Becket in the City of Santa Monica. As such, this resource appears to satisfy this criterion. 9.36.100(a)(2) It has aesthetic or artistic interest or value, or other noteworthy interest or value. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is an excellent example of the mid-century International Style, and the only such example of the work of master architect Welton Becket in the City. Furthermore, it is significant for the unique engineering design of its hydraulic floor, the largest in the nation at the time. This was a landmark use of hydraulic technology for adapting an assembly space to accommodate a vast variety of stage performances, athletic events, and exhibitions. It proved to be the forerunner to the retractable domes and flexible seating of - 44 - contemporary stadiums (Alan Lieb, 2001). Finally, its acoustical design by world-renowned acoustical engineer, UCLA Chancellor, Vern O. Knutsen, was described as, “the most perfect and…(deserving)…a rating higher than Progressive Architecture that of the Royal Festival Hall in London.” (Becket, 2001 and May 1959). Thus, as a truly remarkable resource, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium appears to meet this criterion. 9.36.100(a)(3) It is identified with historic personages or with important events in local, state or national history. The resource appears to meet this criterion, for its association with master architect and Santa Monica resident, Welton Becket. Becket is significant not only as a leading local designer, but, internationally. His work is found throughout the world with notable commissions in Cairo, Havana, Manila, Honolulu, Tokyo, Boston, Philadelphia, Kansas City, and Dallas, and includes numerous civic designs. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is also significant for its association with internationally-renowned acoustical engineer, UCLA Chancellor, Vern O. Knutsen. Knutsen, a professor and Chancellor of UCLA, was the world's leading authority on architectural acoustics, and a master designer of acoustically significant facilities. An ardent researcher and author on architectural acoustics, Knutsen wrote two seminal books and over one hundred articles, which appeared in scientific and technical journals. As a consultant he was responsible for the acoustical design of over five hundred structures. His principles in architectural acoustics became the foundation for the design of contemporary soundstages. Additionally, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is associated with countless events and public performances, like no other facility in the City. 9.36.100(a)(4) It embodies distinguishing architectural characteristics valuable to a study of a period, style, method of construction, or the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship, or is a unique or rare example of an architectural design, detail or historical type valuable to such a study. The Civic Auditorium is an excellent example of the mid-century International Style in the City of Santa Monica. It retains many significant character-defining elements of this style, including, a grand canopy, supported by parabolic pylons, a glass curtain wall, and brise-soleil. Additionally, it retains the original hydraulic floor, touted as revolutionary for its time, and outstanding acoustical design. Thus, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium appears to satisfy this criterion. 9.36.100(a)(5) It is a significant or a representative example of the work or product of a notable builder, designer or architect. This resource appears to meet this criterion as a representative example of the work of master architect and Santa Monica resident, Welton Becket. Becket is significant not only as a leading Southern California designer, but also internationally. His work is found throughout the world with notable - 45 - commissions in Cairo, Havana, Manila, Honolulu, Tokyo, Boston, Philadelphia, Kansas City, and Dallas, and includes numerous civic designs. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is also significant as a design by internationally renowned acoustical engineer, UCLA Chancellor, Vern O. Knutsen. Knutsen, a professor and Chancellor of UCLA, was the world's leading authority on architectural acoustics, and a master designer of acoustically significant facilities. An ardent researcher and author on architectural acoustics, Knutsen wrote two seminal books and over one hundred articles, which appeared in scientific and technical journals. As a consultant he was responsible for the acoustical design of over five hundred structures. His principles in architectural acoustics became the foundation for the design of contemporary soundstages. 9.36.100(a)(6) It has a unique location, a singular physical characteristic, or is an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community or the City. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium has a unique location within the Civic Center, at the bend of Main Street. Its grand scale, and unique design with futuristic pylons, commands attention as one travels along Main Street. The Civic Auditorium is thus, an important visual monument in the City of Santa Monica. Therefore, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium appears to satisfy this criterion. - 46 - BIBLIOGRAPHY Agelasto, A. and P. Gleye. Historic Resources Inventory: Main Street, Santa Monica.” March 30, 1983. Los Angeles Times Anonymous. “Architectural Exhibit to Feature Welton Becket”, . March 30, 1969. Evening Outlook. Anonymous. “Architects Given OK to an Auditorium Plan”, February 2, 1952. Architectural Forum Anonymous. . June 1960. Evening Outlook. Anonymous. “Auditorium Architects Get Contract”, February 2, 1956. Evening Outlook. Anonymous. “Auditorium Architects Give Their Side of Case”, November 30, 1955. Progressive Architecture. Anonymous. “Auditoriums. Case Histories: General Problems”, May 1959. Evening Outlook Anonymous. “Auditorium Features Accident-Proof Weights”, , May 27, 1958. “Becket Designed Civic Auditorium”. Evening Outlook, June 13, 1958. Los Angeles Times Anonymous. “Building Takes Shape”, , n.d. Evening Outlook Anonymous. “Civic Auditorium Ready for Seats by May 1.” , n.d., 1958. Anonymous. “ Civic Auditorium Wins Triennial Award Sponsored by American Institute of Architects, Southern California Evening Outlook. Chapter”, October 12, 1960. Anonymous. “Civic Floor Dedication.” October 9, 1997. Evening Outlook Anonymous. “Civic Hall Dedication Draws 1,400.” , June 16, 1958. Evening Outlook. Anonymous. “Council, Architects to Air Auditorium Situation Monday”, October 26, 1955. Evening Outlook Anonymous. “Eight Miles of Cable in Auditorium.” , June 13, 1958. Los Angeles Times Anonymous. “Eleven Structures Cited for Creative Use of Concrete”, . March 30, 1969. Evening Outlook Anonymous. “Facility Truly Versatile.” , June 13, 1958. Anonymous. “Fact Sheet: Santa Monica Civic Auditorium.” n.d. Anonymous. “Installs Many Plants.” Evening Outlook, June 13, 1958. Anonymous. “Intercom Integral with Hi-Fi.” Evening Outlook, June 13, 1958. Anonymous. “Modern Air Conditioning Featured in Auditorium.” Evening Outlook, June - 47 - 13, 1958. Anonymous. “One Center Plaza, City Hall Plaza.” http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/weltonb/weltonb.html. Anonymous. “Profile: Architect Welton Becket.” Spring 1969. Progressive Architecture Anonymous. . May 1959. Evening Outlook Anonymous. “Pylons Guard Front of New Auditorium.” , May 9, 1958. Anonymous. “Roof Work Starts on Auditorium”, Evening Outlook, September 30, 1957. Anonymous. “Santa Monica Civic Auditorium Grand Tour.” July 16, 1991. Santa Monica Seascape Anonymous. “Santa Monica Civic Turns 40!” . Summer 1998. Anonymous. “Santa Monica North Beach.” http://naid.sppsr.ucla.edu/venice/articles/sm-northbeach.htm. Anonymous. “Santa Monica Arts, Public Art.” Web page. Anonymous. “Santa Monica Auditorium Now in Final Testing Stage” Santa Monica Independent. June 5, 1958. Anonymous. “Santa Monica Unveils $2,900,000 Auditorium”. Los Angeles Times. June 15, 1958. Anonymous. “The Becket Syndrome: Cities Within Cities”, Los Angeles Magazine. September 1964. Anonymous. “The Big, Civic Theater”, Architectural Forum. June 1960. Anonymous. “The Opening of the Civic Auditorium.” Evening Outlook. June 13, 1958. Anonymous. “Theater Advantages Seen in Auditorium”. Evening Outlook, June 13, 1958. Anonymous. “Theater Design Makes Auditorium Versatile”. Evening Outlook, May 21, 1958. Los Angeles Times Anonymous. “Tilting Sun Wall Make It Unique”. , June 14, 1958. Anonymous. “Welton David Becket.” http://www.archinfor.net/arch/6890.htm. Arlt, Gustave O., Alfredo Baños, Jr, Isadore Rudnick. “University of California: In Memoriam (Vern Oliver Knutsen)”, 1976. - 48 - Dennis Bitterlich. PCR personal communication regarding Knutsen documents at the University Archives, UCLA Library, September 25, 2001. Bruce Becket. Letter to the City of Santa Monica Landmarks Commission. August 9, 2001. City of Santa Monica Building and Safety Department. Building Permits for 1855 Main Street. City of Santa Monica Building. 1993 Santa Monica Historic Resources Inventory Phase III Final Report. Santa Monica Mirror Clifford, Peggy. “Rand and the City: Part One”. . October 27 – November 2, 1999. Architecture in Los Angeles Gebhard, David and Robert Winter. . Salt Lake City, Utah: Peregrine Smith Books, 1985. City of Santa Monica Historic Building Inventory Phase 2 Johnson Heumann Research. , 1986. Hill-Holzman, Nancy. “A City’s Choice: Supporters of the Plan to Redo Santa Monica’s Civic Center Say It Is Visionary and Necessary. Opponents Say It Means the Loss of Open Space and Unfairly Favors the Rand Corporation.” Los Angeles Times. June 2, 1994. http://www.feinstein.org/latimes/smccspwestsidecover.html. Total Design Hunt, William. . New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972. Journal Acoustic Society America, Knudsen, Vern O. “The hearing of speech in auditoriums,” vol. October 1, 1929. In Benchmark Papers in Acoustics: Architectural Acoustics , Ed. Northwood, T.D, 1977, Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg. American Architects Dictionary Koyl, George, ed. . New York: R. R. Bowker, 1962. Santa Monica Historic Resources Inventory Phase 3 Final Report Leslie Heumann Associates. , 1994. Lieb, Alan. Oral Testimony to the City of Santa Monica Landmarks Commission. August 13, 2001. Mc Minn, T. “A Little Acoustics History: Spaces used for Speech.” http://puffin.curtin.edu.au/~mcminn/papers/aas95-p1.htm. National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation National Park Service. . Washington DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Inter-agency Resources Division, 1990. National Park Service “Yellowstone National Park -Wyoming/Montana/Idaho EIR.” http://www.nps.gov/yell/publications/canyonvc.htm#Cultural. City of Santa Monica Post-Northridge Earthquake Historic Resources Inventory Update Parkinson Field Associates. , 1995. Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, City of Santa Monica. - 49 - Sandmeier, Trudi. Letter to the City of Santa Monica Landmarks Commission. August 13, 2001. Schoenly, Jacob. “The Geisel Library: Concrete Expressionism.” http://jetsetmodern.com/geisel.htm. Stien, George and Niesom Himmel. “Fire Destroys Pan Pacific Auditorium”. Los Angeles Times. May 24, 1989. Wambaugh, Franz L. “Santa Monica Civic Auditorium”, Pamphlet. n.d - 50 - SITE MAP - 51 - PHOTOGRAPHS OF CURRENT CONDITIONS - 52 - Photo 1: View shed to south. Photo 2: Pylons and canopy. View to east - 53 - Photo 3: Pylon detail, showing finial. Photo 4: Pylon, canopy and brise-soleil. View to southeast. - 54 - Photo 5: Main Entrance. Photo 6: East elevation (Main Street façade). - 55 - Photo 7: South elevation (rear). Photo 8: East elevation (side). - 56 - Photo 9: First floor lobby with snack bar and stair. View to northeast. Photo 10 : Lobby with west stair. View to southwest. - 57 - Photo 11: Stair detail. Photo 12: Dedication plaque in first floor lobby. - 58 - Photo 13: Second story lobby with safety glass curtainwall and brise-soleil in background. View to northeast. Photo 14: Auditorium seating with projection booth in background. - 59 - Photo 15: Metal acoustical panels. Photo 15: Auditorium wall sconce and ceiling lighting. - 60 - Photo 17: Hydraulic floor with orchestra pit in foreground. Photo 18: Stage rigging. - 61 - Photo 19: Stage rigging signage. Photo 20: Stage ladder. - 62 - Photo 21: Sliding stage equipment door. Photo 22: Projector. - 63 - Photo 23: Catwalk. Photo 24: Soundproof sliding door. - 64 - Photo 25: Dressing room. Photo 26: Dressing room shelf. - 65 - Photo 27: Telephone booth. Photo 28: Basement elevator door. - 66 - Photo 29: Elevator door stamp. Photo 30: Elevator hardware. - 67 - Photo 31: Hydraulic piston in basement. Photo 32: Hydraulic oil storage. - 68 - Photo 33: Catwalk and roof framing. Photo 34: Meeting room. - 69 - Photo 35: Original intercom. Photo 36: Original kitchen cabinets. - 70 - STATE INVENTORY FPRM DPR 523 FORM - 71 - ATTACHMENT F Public Notice - 72 - NOTICE OF A PUBLIC HEARING BEFORE THE SANTA MONICA CITY COUNCIL SUBJECT: APPEAL01-APP-033 OF THE LANDMARKS COMMISSION’S DESIGNATION OF THE PROPERTY LOCATED AT 1855 MAIN STREET (CIVIC AUDITORIUM) AS A CITY LANDMARK (LC01-LM-004) APPLICANT: City of Santa Monica APPELLANT: Council Member Herb Katz PROPERTY OWNER: City of Santa Monica WHEN: Tuesday, January 22, 2002 6:45 p.m. WHERE: City Hall Council Chambers Room 213 1685 Main Street Santa Monica, California PROJECT DESCRIPTION The City Council will conduct a public hearing to consider Appeal 01-033 of the Landmarks Commission’s designation of the property located at 1855 Main Street (Civic Auditorium) as a City Landmark. The International Style structure designed by Welton Beckett was completed in 1959 and the designation includes the building’s exterior as well as parts of the interior public space. HOW TO COMMENT You may comment at the City Council public hearing, or by writing a letter. Written information received before 3:00 p.m. on the Wednesday before the hearing will be given to the City Council in their packet. Information received after that time will be given to the City Council prior to the meeting. Address your letters to: City Clerk Re: Appeal 01APP-033 1685 Main Street, Room 102 Santa Monica, CA 90401 MORE INFORMATION If you want more information about this project, please call Associate Planner Elizabeth Bar-El, AICP, at (310) 458-8341. Santa Monica Bus Lines #1, #2, #3, #7 and #8 serve City Hall. The meeting facility is wheelchair accessible. For disability-related accommodations please contact (310) 458-8341 or (310) 458-8696 TTY at least 72 hours in advance. All written materials are available in alternate format upon request. Pursuant to California Government Code Section 65009(b), if this matter is subsequently challenged in Court, the challenge may be limited to only those issues raised at the Public Hearing described in this notice, or in written correspondence delivered to the City of Santa Monica at, or prior to, the Public Hearing. ESPAÑOL El Concilio Municipal de la ciudad de Santa Monica tendra una audencia publica para revisar applicaciones proponiendo desarrollo en Santa Monica. Para mas informacion, llame a Carmen Gutierrez al numero (310) 458-8341. - 73 - APPROVED AS TO FORM _____________________ JAY TREVINO Planning Manager - 74 - ATTACHMENT G Landmarks Commission Statement of Findings and Determination - 75 - FINDINGS AND DETERMINATION OF THE LANDMARKS COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA IN THE MATTER OF THE DESIGNATION OF A LANDMARK ______________________________________________________________________ DESIGNATION OF LANDMARK LC-01LM-004 FOR THE STRUCTURE LOCATED AT 1855 MAIN STREET (CIVIC AUDITORIUM) LANDMARKS COMMISSION HEARING NOVEMBER 12, 2001 SECTION I. The Landmarks Commission of the City of Santa Monica, having filed an application on August 13, 2001 to designate the Civic Auditorium located at 1855 Main Street as a City Landmark, having determined that the application merits formal consideration on October 8, 2001, and a Public Hearing having been held before the Landmarks Commission of the City of Santa Monica on November 12, 2001, hereby makes the following findings regarding the Civic Auditorium: (2) It exemplifies, symbolizes, or manifests elements of the cultural, social, economic, political, or architectural history of the City. This building was constructed in 1958 in response to the development of the Santa Monica Civic Center. It was the third of three major 20th century Civic Center structures, beginning with the Art Deco style City Hall, designed by Los Angeles architect Donald Parkinson and completed in 1938 and the Los Angeles County Courthouse, which was added in 1951. It remains an excellent example of the International Style (Modern), a style that dominated the architectural face of the globe from the first th decade of the 20 century until 1972. It is the only surviving institutional design in the City of Santa Monica. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium replaced a classically inspired facility that had been located at Lick Pier, known as the Ocean Park Municipal Auditorium. In this way, its construction also served to strengthen the function of the Civic Center as a primary hub of activity. Therefore, this resource satisfies this criterion. (2) It has aesthetic or artistic interest or value, or other noteworthy interest or value. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is an excellent example of the mid-century International Style, and the only such example of the work of master architect Welton Becket in the City. Furthermore, it is significant for the unique engineering design of its hydraulic floor, the largest in the nation at the time. This was a landmark use of hydraulic technology for adapting an assembly space to accommodate a vast variety of stage performances, athletic events, and exhibitions. It proved to be the forerunner to the retractable domes and flexible seating of contemporary stadiums (Alan Lieb, 2001). Finally, its acoustical design by world-renowned acoustical engineer, UCLA Chancellor Vern O. Knutsen, was described as, “the most perfect and…(deserving)…a rating higher than that of the Royal Festival Hall in London” (Becket, 2001, and May 1959). Thus, as a truly remarkable Progressive Architecture, resource, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium meets this criterion. (3) It is identified with historic personages or with important events in local, state or national history. The Civic Auditorium is associated with its architect, Welton Becket, as well as its acoustical engineer Vern O. Knutsen, both internationally prominent professionals in the design of major institutions. Becket’s work is found - 76 - throughout the world with notable Commissions in Cairo, Havana, Manila, Honolulu, Tokyo, Boston, Philadelphia, Kansas City and Dallas, and includes numerous civic designs. Vern O. Knutsen, a professor and Chancellor of UCLA, was the world’s leading authority on architectural acoustics, and a master designer of acoustically significant facilities. His principles in architectural acoustics became the foundation for the design of contemporary soundstages. Additionally, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is associated with countless events and public performances, like no other facility in the City. These performances have represented the diversity for which Santa Monica has become renown. A few prominent examples include an array of musicians from Andre Previn and Dave Brubeck in 1959 to Pete Seeger, Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett, Joan Baez and Bob Dylan in the 1960’s, to Elton John, Ray Charles, Arlo Guthrie, the Beach Boys and the Carpenters in the 1970’s. The number of performances eventually reached a level of nearly 60 concerts annually in the peak years of the 1970s. The auditorium also hosted several prominent comedians in the early years of their careers, such as Bill Cosby, Jonathan Winters and Bob Hope, as well as a 1967 performance by Beatnik poet Allen Ginsburg. Therefore, this resource meets this criterion. (4) It embodies distinguishing architectural characteristics valuable to a study of a period, style, method of construction, or the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship, or is a unique or rare example of an architectural design, detail, or historical type to such a study. The Civic Auditorium is an excellent example of the mid-century International Style in the City of Santa thth Monica. The style was a response to the industrialization of the late 19 and early 20 centuries. It advocated the use of the “machine”, rather than historical precedents for building and product designs, as well as the use of contemporary materials such as steel, concrete and glass for their construction. The Civic Auditorium retains many significant character-defining elements of this style, including, a grand canopy, supported by parabolic pylons, a glass curtain wall, and brise-soleil. The Civic Auditorium also retains a number of significant interior features that are integral to the overall concept of the Civic Auditorium’s architecture. Conceived as a space for a variety of activities, Welton Beckett designed the Civic Auditorium for functionality and flexibility. Some intact features that are part of the public space include the original adjustable auditorium main hall hydraulic floor, touted as revolutionary for its time, the innovative acoustical design and the soundproof sliding doors to the east conference rooms. Additionally, although some alterations have been made, interior elements such as the wood paneling in the lobby, the auditorium entry doors, the volume and configuration of the lobby (both the first and second floors including the height and semi-circular shape of the lobby, the upper lobby’s shape being reflective of the lower lobby, and the columns), all contributing to the overall light, open and modernistic feeling), the volume and configuration of the auditorium main hall, the metal acoustical panels and wall sconces in the auditorium main hall, and the two floating staircases in the lobby, all attributes of the building’s integral design, remain intact and continue to be valuable to a - 77 - study of this unique architectural style and method of construction. The Civic Auditorium also includes some character-defining features in the backstage area that are not part of the public space, and thus not part of the landmark designation. These include the orchestra pit hydraulic lift mechanism, stage area and proscenium opening, stage rigging and historic signage along the east wall at the rear of the stage. As a resource that still retains a comprehensive integrity of its original architectural design, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium satisfies this criterion. (5) It is a significant or a representative example of the work or product of a notable builder, designer, or architect. The Civic Auditorium is the only surviving institutional design of master architect and Santa Monica resident Welton Becket in the City of Santa Monica. Becket is significant not only as a leading local designer, but, internationally. His work is found throughout the world with notable commissions in Cairo, Havana, Manila, Honolulu, Tokyo, Boston, Philadelphia, Kansas City, and Dallas, and includes numerous civic designs. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is also significant for its association with internationally renowned acoustical engineer Vern O. Knutsen. Knutsen, a professor and Chancellor of UCLA, was the world's leading authority on architectural acoustics, and a master designer of acoustically significant facilities. An ardent researcher and author on architectural acoustics, Knutsen wrote two seminal books and over one hundred articles, which appeared in scientific and technical journals. As a consultant he was responsible for the acoustical design of over five hundred structures. His principles in architectural acoustics became the foundation for the design of contemporary soundstages. The systems developed for the Civic Auditorium by Knutsen are still highly functional and have required minimal maintenance over the last 43 years. Therefore, the Civic Auditorium meets this designation criterion. (6) It has a unique location, a singular physical characteristic, or is an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community or the City. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium has a unique location within the Civic Center, at the bend of Main Street. Its grand scale, and unique design with futuristic pylons, commands attention as one travels south along Main Street. Pigmy Date Palm trees frame the north entry to the building. The Civic Auditorium is also a familiar and integral part of the Civic Center complex. The Civic Auditorium is, thus, an important visual monument in the City of Santa Monica. Therefore, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium satisfies this criterion. SECTION II. The designation of the Civic Auditorium includes the exterior of the building, the remaining original pygmy palm trees as a secondary feature, and the following interior elements located in public areas of the resource: - 78 - ? Configuration of lobby spaces (first and second floors) and auditorium entry doors (height and semi-circular shape of lobby, upper lobby shape reflective of lower lobby, and columns contributing to the overall light, open and modernistic feeling); ? Wood paneling along south wall of first floor lobby; ? Two original lobby staircases; ? Volume and configuration of auditorium main hall space; ? Adjustable auditorium main hall floor with hydraulic lift mechanism; ? Metal acoustical panels and wall sconces in auditorium main hall; ? Soundproof sliding doors to conference room (adjacent to the east elevation). SECTION III. I hereby certify that the above Findings and Determination accurately reflect the final determination of the Landmarks Commission of the City of Santa Monica on November 12, 2001, as determined by the following vote: AYES: Fresco, Genser, Posek, Schnitzler, Lehrer, Alofsin NAYES: None ABSENT: Bolton Respectfully Submitted December 10, 2001 _______________________ Margot Alofsin, Chairperson Attest: _____________________________ Elizabeth Bar-El, AICP Landmarks Commission Secretary - 79 -