SR-301-004-02 (3)
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Santa Monica Evening Outlook
November 22, 1984
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Polic.e sweep park,
arrest 10 for drugs
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Culmmatmg a recent m~estlga-
tlon lOto drug selling lo Santa
MOnica's oceanfront PalISades Park,
pohce have conducted II tbree-bour
raid of the park, arrest 109 10 people
on felony narcotics charges
Five of the suspects, who ranged
In age from 14 to 34, clatnled to be
transients. Santa Momca Pollee Sgt
Walter Hard said Wednesday The
suspects were booked on charges of
sellmg manJuana and/or cocaine
The pohee mvesbgabon, -dabbed
the "Palisades Park. OperatlOll," m-
yolved more than 15 officers from
the pollee department's Special En-
forcement Division. Cnme Impact
Te4lm and footbeat patrol
'l'1te arrests were made between J
pm and 6 pm Wednesday after-
-110OI1 In a one-bIock secuon of the
park An undJsclo8ed amoant of ~
'Caine and marijuana was eon-
f\SCated as eVldence
In recent montbs. Pahsades Park
bad started to become . well-known
.t to JeU .. buy drugs, pohce
MJd "It was beconunC a pIJK.'e to JO
And that's why we decKled to ute
steps to prevent It from becornmg
IUCh a place," satd Hard. who was
the superv15ml officer of tile apera-
bon
"The PallSades Park area bas
been a controversial area m regards
to pollee enforcement I really Uw1k
we've taken a major step m regards
.. keeping the park . ,ood place for
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cit.w!DJ to VUlit," Bard tdded
Pollee said the arrested were
Gerald H James, M. tnnslent,
Clayton Wllhams, JO. transient,
Mitchell Barril, 24, transiellt, Hec-
tor Luna, H, transient, Daniel
Delfm, 7:1, of Hollywood, Michael
Load, 21, of Los Aqeles, Michael
Meighan. a, of Arleta, Charles
Miles, 24, of Santa Monica and SheIla
Wolfe. 1', transient
The tenth suspect wu . female 14-
year..old SanUII Monica reSident
whose name was withheld because of
ber age 1be teen-acer reportedly
has . record of prostitll:bc:lD. pobee
sald
"BaslcaUy, aD of these people
were mdependent dra& dealers that
were just plain westing the park
They were constantly there and were
ready to deal their CIrup: to wborn.
ever walked up and WMted some."
Bard laid
Several of the suspects were book.
ed 00 other ouUlandmg charges.
IUdl as attempted bltrJlary, pollee
aald Tbe cases WIll be subnutted to
the County DIStrict AUomey early
aext week
Most of tile acUvtty took place
dunne the day-tuDe beurs, be aid
All bad allegedly sold dJ'U&S to under-
cover pollee officers operating m the
park
Not m recent history bas there
ever been sucb a lafle drug bust at
the park., he satd
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PfFE>E.IX II
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1
S(]E'TIFIC
\ 'J E RI C.~ ~ Jul) 1984
1.:..t-'"h,J 11l':(
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II
II
Volume 151
Number I
The Homelessness Problem
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i\fdny of the homeless people wandering the streets of AmeTlcan
cines and crowding IntO emergency shefrers are-mentally IJf
Th(l TeqUJI"t adequate housing and approprIate psychiatric care
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J\1-..t -\,..e..'~a~, \le~e h.omeJess
"0.1'" ... ''''''e''' tha..... al a""" tIme
s'.........t 4"'e G?"e4r Derress.~oT":
E511-.,,,:e. {\ :.....e ~::( 0' th!; ',ag"ar.' por
ula1'or dr, '" ,dei; TI-;e ....a[>O'1". Coa-
ItllOr 'N ;ht' HC'''-'eless PLig the figure
a~ : .;; ..,,. "0'" . 0r 1 '/' ~ an m.;:rea~e Of
SiW' ';;1" " c" [hC rreced;q; :ear The
Federd D. r,,"''''~:11 or HC'uslT'g and
L'rd~ Dc ;;iC'C....,e-. ,HLD' eS'lmates
tha'on" ~';;I';"H.tO ~:-l;t'l"'a'e hone
Jess rla' {). ~ .d" \\ '1atc',er the I"um~r
IS e', e". ore a;:ree5 iT ,~ g.o\lo I" g
Pd" ~ _,,/ ,r. 'he ra,[ f1.e \ea", go'
err--c.... 0r..... a.~ a"ld ::,"p.ale g"oup~ In
en'c, drO;J~.~ 'ho: .0untT\ ha.,e res~ond
ed t., orerlT'f emerge.,,} shelte's to
In lCJ 'T'eel Th~ 'IT'mec,i1te need~ of the
home;es, Bed, In these she!:ers fill as
soon a~ Ihe\ becc>me iI\ allable and still
on'" d f'a~tlo., ot those In need are pro-
.]de~ fop Some 0: the rest see.. tem
po.::;." refuge else""l,ere for example
Ir he" ,ta', but moS1 prebabl} fend
fOT :"'e"'~e!, es on !he stree:s hOJddl1ng
If" door", a', S or 0\ er suh.. a. .enllla
tlO:' g'd'n V. '1er, the \Ioeatherturns.;:old,
SOme dIe
'\, n'gh' In ~e\lo 'ork CLl\ 18 publ1c
shel'e'~ r.C'u~( sone of t"le thousands of
me., dn.:!.. 0....(. '" '1c roa~ lhe stteet~
du: mg 1'-,( .jd ] h of these shellers did
not elllst ">"fore 19~f' P"I\ate groups
In "oe'" ) ork ha\e also stepped ur therr
efforu In 19S: 10 churches offered a
tot a' 0' II- beds 10 homeless people b)
the end of 19~3 I~~ churches and s)n-
agogues v.ere pro\ldlng a 10lal of b50
~:h Ln hO shelle.s In Boston Iwo larle
shl:lter~ recenll\ doubled therr capaclt}
"oe',e"thdess OJ" a sno\lo) "1&h1 m Jan-
Uii!\ Boston s IVlest shelter the Pme
Saee! Inn reponed a record number of
lun'> the ;;0 beds ...ere filled as al-
"'a\ sand :6- people cro..ded onto the
Inn \ "'are ,emenl floors
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by Ellen L Bassuk
Who are these people" Lnforlunateh
Ihere ape nc reliable natlon.!l dala on the
homeless e\en thoug" the\ ha\e al..a~s
been numerous m >\merlCan cUles ~n
eede:..l e\ tden::e suggests Ihat m the
decades before 1970 mosl of the home
less v.ere unattached middle-aged aleo-
hob~ men-Ihe dentzen~ of S~ld Ro\1o
Sm;:e about 19-u the population ap-
pears 10 ha\e been letting progressl\e-
h younger Moreover, the sparse IUer-
alure on the subject and m) O\1on npe-
nence as a PS\ chlattlst ....orklng ....Ith
home les~ people In Boston leads me to
beTte'.e a more Important change has
taken place an mcreaslng number-I
.....ould sa} a large maJorll}-of the
homeless suffer from menta] Illness
ranging from schizophrenia 10 severe
personaht) diSOrders
homeless are mentall) III doe~ no! Ir.
lIself e~plam wh} theIr number IS gro,""
lng or ..h} a partIcular mdt\ Idua1 }OlnS
thcrr ran~s v,.'lthoUI rehable data )' IS
dIfficult 10 ans.....er Ihe firsl queslIor, but
se"era[ fa!;IOrS ma, ha\-'e conlrtbuted 10
the re!;ent swe]lIng of the homeless pop
ulauon The most obVIOUS one IS lhe re-
"
A a lime v.hen the accepted solution
10 Ihe homelessness problem IS to
establtsh more shelter!; thiS findmg has
dlsturbmg unphcallons Shelters are 10-
,,'aluable the) save lives The trouble IS
that ma", shelters do htlle more, and
the menlall} 111 need more than Just a
meal and prolecuon from the elements
Those ..hose disorders are [rUlable or
al leasl manageable requITe appropn-
ate ps}'chlatrll; !;are. ';'hlch the}' do not
leI at shelters The chronteaU) disabled
people who -'111 never be able to care
for themselves deserve bener than to
spend therr lives be.lml on the streets
and s]eepmg on arm) cots m nmnasl-
ums Shellers have been saddled WIth
the unpoulble task of replacmg nol
on]i the almshouses of the past but
also the latle state mental mslltutlons.
AI thiS task they mUSI IMvnab]) '.11,
and thus Amenc.an SOClCt) has faLled In
115 moral rcsponslbllu)- Co I;are for Its
....eike51 members
The 51ilement thaI a majOrity or the
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n bu'
led lC'
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he re
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1
"UIOn Unemplo)'ment reached a peal
of SO 7 percent an November. 1982. III
hlghtSI level sance me 1930'i Some of
those who lost melT fObs and Incomes
amdoubledl)' lost melT bomes as well
UK effecu of unemployment are an-
wnslfied b)" another problem the dearth
of Joy, ~ost housang Accordang to an
analYSIS of the Federal Government's
Annual HouSIng Sun'c) b) thc Lov. In
come HouslDllnformatJon Service. the
number of renter households ~Iflth In-
wmes belo.... 13.000 per year dropped
b) aboul 46 percent, from 5 & to 2 7
mllhon between 1970 and 1980. al the
Arne lime ho...e~'cr the number of renl
.1 unJl~ 8\illlat-lc 10 Ihf~C hou~chold~
al 311 percenl of theU' In. orne fell b) -'0
pocHcn' from iln eSl1mated 5 I 10 aboul
I ~ mIlllo'l (c)cludmg dv.cllm,p for
",hl.::h no cash renl \\ as paid! As the
. housing gar v. ldened Ihe mcdlal" rent
pald b) household~ m the lov.e~t III
come brilc}..el rose from l"~ II month
III 19"70 to 5179 I month In 1980
Thal .....or}..s OUI to n percent of ar: an
nual Income of 53,000 and kayes S" I
a month to co\er all other household
needs ^ famlh deyollng such a large
fra;::lIon of ItS m;::ome to renllS III a pre
caTlous posItion II ma} eaul) be dIS-
lodged t-) a drop III Its mcome or b) a
further nse rn lis expense!> Vnemplo\
menl and the lad. of lov. -cost housang
Iftms nol unreasonable \0 mfe" Ihat
the Joss of dlSablhty bencfll~ red uced
.ome people to not berng able 10 pa} fer
Ihc 11' hOUllng
help 10 accounl for the mcreuanl num-
ber of homeleu famil1C1 (u opposed 10
indIVIduals), which once were rare
Recent cuts in lovemment benefit
payments mal' ..bo have thrown Ierne
people onto lhc Ilreets. aIthouah the tVI- Far more unportant howe"er Ul lis
cknce IS inferenual One of Ihc Federal ampaCl on the homele~s populatIon
Government's mOil controverSial meal has been the long term change In the
lUes UI thIS arca has. been 115 effort to aahonal pohq.. for dealing ....llh Ihe
reform the Social SecW'll) Da.sablht) In II'ICntall} ill A httle more than ~o )urs "
surance pro)Tam. which III 1983 pro- "0 stale and count) mental InstltullOns
Vlded monthl) benefau to a total of 3 S be,an Rleasang large numbe~~ of pa
million dLSabled ...orl.en and thelI de- bents. man) of whom suffered from
pc:ndents To receIVe payments a ...orl.- aevere illnc\ses The '"demslllutlOnali
er must be phYSical!)' or mentall) una zallon'" movement follov.ed the \\ Ide
ble to perform all) l.md of '"substanlla] _-spread mtroductlon m the 19<i{\ !o 0' r~\
Bamful wod:' tor which he IS quail choacllve drug. V.hlCh seemed \C' of'"t;
fled. reg:udkss of whether such worL IS the poSSlbllll) of rehabllnallng pS\ ChOI
aVllllable ....here he lJves Folloy- IIlg a re- IC pc:oplf Within a comm umt\ Sftl1n~
port b; the General Accounllng Office undcr beller 11\ mg cond IlJom and \l, Ilh
that as man; as 20 percent of the bendi areater respect for thelT Cl\ IJ nghl~ 11
Clanes mlgh' be mehglble under the lav.. ...as alr.o though' the cornrr<.Jnl!\ men
the Reagan AdmlJ'.lstrutlon launched a tal heallh' approach \\ould be cheaper
"cracldoy-'n on lII~hglbllit)" U1 March, than opcratmgolforge slate hospllah The
198] Bet.....een 150,000 and 200,000 movement was launched III 196< \\hen
people lost thelT benefits before the Ad Congress passed- a la\l. promISIng Feder
mllllstrauon halted us revaev. of the al fundlllg for the constructlon of corn-
benefklaf) rolls III Aprll. 1984, amld mUll't) mental heahh cenler>
charges that trul) dlsabled people, m- DcIllStltutlonalizallor: v. a~ a .....ell-In
eluding some who ""cre 100 mental!) kntloned and perhap~ e\en enlightened
dIsabled to respond to termmauon no- reform. bUill has not proteeded accord.
IlCes. had been smet.en from the rolls mg to the ongmal plan The firsl step has
Agam. I lacL of data ma"es n unpoSSI- been accomphshed the patient popula-
ble to dra'" definite conclUSions. but It bOn 1.1 state and counl) mental hospitals
. 11')"
.ehM
... uilllCe 1M) "CW _YC I"a, ... of dlac ~cll_ oIer " P"-
~1nl care ... tII.. 'e ... aH'l ~c aC'Cllb 01' ....~ 01 doc ~olllcle>J>
11M ",cUeaI 0"8 dit' ,.n fr- )t:arlJ...en.cwtI ... priYak ~..
...t raponded II) pro..1dJ.ac t.ersUf) ~rIt_ AJdIouP die foOll.
41
IS nov. less than one-fourth of lis 1955
peak le\l:f of 559.000 B) and larie.
ho....e\er the ~anous le~els of &o~ern
ment ha\c nOl taken the $econd step
th(', ha\ c nOI pro\ lded enough places
such as ha!f"'a\ houses or grouF homes
for discharged patIents to 10 Other fae
.
.
lOTS contnbutmg to the problems of the
5)5tem m:;lude the fact thaI fev.er than
half of Ihe l;ommunJt) mental health
centers needed to cover the enllre L' S
popuJallon have been built moreo~'er.
eJlISllng centers often do not coordinate
theIr actl~ Itles wllh those of the lnstllU.
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SHOR1-\GE OF .\fFORD-\BLE HOl SI'G for r.nl~r bO\Uo.hold~ "Itb 10" Iflcomes ,,,UfI-
~lfif'd ,n lh, I 'ro, and probabl' contrlbulf'" 10 lb. Iro"JnI bom.l~n_ problfm Colort'd
ba.... Ind ,"ato 'bt numbrr of rrnlr. bousrbold. In a par1lt"ula. 'f1cOmf nln&r C"'~ ban Indlcalf
lb. numbr. of rrnlal un,u .' a,lablt In a rrn! ...nl~ .qual to 30 ,ffcfnl of liar Inromr ,..nl!~
~ I .t'!oull of InflaTion tb. lnlal numbr. of rfnt.r hO\Uofbold- "lib IflCOmf!o bflo.. 57.000 ffU
horn I~ mIll,on to abOUT 91 mllhon b~l"r~n 19"0 .nd 1980 bul tb. numb.. of unlb ..all-
abit aT ronl.> bolo.. il-~ llnelud"" uI,hllf!o' d.opp..cl mucb mOft Crorn 179 mllhon 1064 mll-
hon \tan' hou,~bold~ In lo..-.ncorn. rroups Iba' fac. a.. ."ordabl~ "oUS.nl ,ap must 5Prnd
mort thin ~O p.Hrnf of Ibrlr mrom. Ofl r.nL Tbu IlIusnhon and lbf onf on lb. Opp~IU
pa~- att bht'(! on f!ohmalh pro' Id~ b~ lh. Lo.. lneom. Ho"",n& Informahon S"',Ct ..b,eb
anab zr-d dafa from lbr C"fn~1L> and from tb. rrdrral Go.tmmfnl'~ Annual Houslnl Sur'f)
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DEIVHlTl TlO' ~LlZA no' of tb. mrntaJh III "nn tlilf "t, 19S0'l _ ,..run' ~t 1.-
pa"rn! popula"on al nal. and COUflT\ Inrntal i....pl..b. aKII"". ahrr.atl" r.NI.lIca ...
trnlmrnt pro&...m- ba.. f101 b~n pro' odrd 111 man~ communltJ~ "'.D~ IIK"'tf pabfn-.. ..
....11 ... ,om, 'oun&" dlSl\ltb", pr-opl. ..bo ...., nr' er lt05pltaJUtd, ...~ no.. ... bOll\flDl-
.
4"
lions thai are dIscharging theIr pal,enl~
The madequae) of Ihe l;are B'allat-Je
10 delnslllullona];zed pallenls IS slJgge~1
cd b~ the large Increases since Ihe earl_
1960's In the rale of admiSSIons 10 Slate
mental hospilals and b\ the fact Ihdl a
STowang maJOTlI~ of admuled pallen!,
ha~e been hospllahzed before The drop
m the reSident population of the InSlill1
lions IS accounled for b, shoner a\er
age stays Younaer III people ""ho mlgh1
ha~e been JnstltulIonahzed 15 \ears
ago no"" receive onl, onef and eplsod Ie
care one maJor TeASOn IS that the ,ourb
ha,e deCided only those among the
mentalh 111 ""ho are dangerous 10 Iherr
sehes or~to others ma! be COr"1TT"',,,j
m\ 01 unlarJt\ In the ahsen>:e 0' a 'IE ""]<1
tlves to the mstJtullons .espec' ro' Ihe t'
CI\ II TIghts of the dIsturbed sC'met.rr.~'
conflicts v.1t!'> the go.; of pro ';>~~
them \I. Ilh humane trealf"le'l' a~ j d",
lo.lm ChronJcall~ dJs'urbed peC':,L d"C
seT! OLl mto the communi", ofte" 10
el""',p." Ii~es m smgle roor---o.cur~-_
hOlel~ and S\..ld Ro\l. roOl"'.]],'~ hOi."n
V,nh the gro\l. Lng una allahil" O. e'.er
lhese housmg OplJDn5 ma'1, 0; the pe"
pIe end up or. Ihe weets
1NC
Thus J' should nC" t-e s~rprlsl~;: lC' 1'1':
thaI a slgnlficanl (raCllor. of she lie"
reSidents are menta".. III II' fa:' a elm;
cal slud\ I deSIgned and Imrleme:11~d
las1 ,eaT found al a shelter II" 80,'0":
a 9li percent InCIdence of dlagnosar-Ie
mental Illness pnchoses chrof'l. al
coho! Ism anc chara>:ter disorder" The
sheller selected for the slud- \l.hl:h.... c;;
under Ihe d Irecllon of A,h\on Loi una' of
the \tassach usetl, -\ssoclatlor ; 0' \1 ~"]
tal Health and Paul ~lcGeTlgjf of Ih,
Lnned Communll\ Plannmg Corpora
lIon ""as conSidered demog"d,I-IC",I!\
TepreSenla1L~e of Boslon area sheller,
The demogTaphlC data are the"r.~el - e5
interesting Men outnumbered... omen
1:-) four to one although the num"er
of 1lo.omen al Boston shellers seelT'> 10
be Increasmg The median ag' .... ,p l ~
and apparent!} decreaSing One Ih Ird
of Ihe guesh ...ere enher recenl arrl\ at,
or onl} occaSional user, of the shelte.
v.hereas the other lv.o.thuds had bet'~
Sla\ mg In shellers for mo.e Ihdr- ,1'
months Some ~O percen' had bee~ on
the streets and In shelten for more Ihar'
t'olo 0 ) eaT,
M) coUeag ues (e Igh' pH :hla'-'st,
p5\cholog1Sls and socia! ....orkt'r~i and I
InleT\.le1lo.ed 78 luesls al the shelle' (HC.
the course of five nlghls V,'e dJa~no,t'd
.aO percent as suffering from some forrr
of ps)-choslS . aeneTlc term for ma
JOT mental Illnesses.. hose HC um, ha', e
difficult} distinguishing external real,'
I~ from thell' o"'n thoulht5 and fec'
Ings The ps,choses Include some md:1
1C and depTcssl~e Sliles and some or
lanle bram s}ndromes but mos' of It"
p5;ChOIlCS al the sheller "'ere sch 10
phrenIC Often subJeCl 10 dfJU>10r:, <I"'::
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\\ ..:.- "p"-~ .....,;::: :~ +-... ~, ~d h.,~ \,1,,/: '.A 1:-
~ ~'::"'~ - _ .....:: ;...::... c...... "h::. ~.d: t"cCP" ...p""
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~ot- Dc...r~,.. ..... ... Cr.., r
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.....~,70t""o--...-... .::1-;: !--.i.. V.d'" n('1';-- cJ. it':
-. a'i :-.... . "'1('; 10" ~t, CTlrn'-d,' ", ]'1
~-, f(' ... ~,,' If' "Cd.' S'-~C bc:-.f
rr>{"~ 1!-.c::- ".",. C \'{;;:-;' d;('
r ~ .....,.-"0- r ~I--;. .1::"'~ an': [\- 1}--.(
c-; ....,:. ('.~ -1oL t ~G1"'" hl"- "'H:
__ ............ ""~r;.........: :P" lre~rc:'l~SIr.~ ~r d
.... ~<t: h< "'d~ 11',]n~ I" ..101"'"'"
~_~ "",' c ".: 0~ Ht !.d" hl rc
, ....tc~~,,~,' i'C'r- SI'IT;l~ ",hC' spe....
r. - . f-'" 0 Lig" SI''::t".
T- ~'[\' {If e:.' i ~ \ea' {II: sl)eltc'
_ ;.... .... h........ Sir~~ :-~ r-u nC' it"~... ltdSI=
hI; t'~..a""t ;'\;.' ;:h('l'j". hi.. .....cJ.. er"
'c- ,.: Ir a" I, Led~"; .C'!lef; He "''''
"\'~;i'd~l]e: ~...:t~ Ir ~ Slaa 1T"i~iJ.ull(l:-1
, 'ler{ he "'d' ,[:1' er a:1.It"\.t>C'11. mt:
.0::'1('- r-.;' .....,~r -..e ~a" h r-- h: "'...
r~..e.\ln'; nr '''t,.al"'ner~ For '" ""h~j( d!ter
h,~ dlKhdr,[:l h 'l"'\(\....e' ':d'ej for hI'"
c'er',..: h('\l e. cr she be;.;.'T' ( we,
d.;--e '>~.:' [C' ;"~"r ~C Frlgr.'cne.:' dn:
WC ;0r' "..:' 10 .dr, fo. hur,e;' !"If
nC'\, "'d"dc" Iht ~lr"tH h dol m..tl
letl~f 1'1. C''''c.e,'l'. ar.:! re~rondln~ IC'
\(>1.1;" h dlone he"" '\1 nlg~: he goe~
Ie- Co ~he 'C' ...here Ille ~laf'" are 100 I'us"
feedlr~ d~; ~Iolh'nf peo.l~ 10 de'''l.
thtrr~e!, e' IC' In:h, Id;;a1 prot>]en"'~
\t"r', of the peor'e "'t Inler'le"'ec-
\H eS"lTalec ~.. pe'.e-:-",ere chronJ~
'-.:."
f
a '. ('''co' ., Or. - -:: \ ca' oi: molr h"j
t, (;; ('r 'h. ~"eCl' (>f B0~'(''l for ~(.
\e,,"' dn.: ilt.[ m,,-' homek" ,,;;ohC'h.:-
r,,,,: r-tff, Ir dn.: ou' Of ho~rl:d" dC'o,
l":a' 0f .e-1t..~ arc \ a'lcu' trealm(~-
p'C'~'d""> lr '>-'C 1"'2~- leat t>{ ha:! m..dt
~, C'c ~i.h '';;c a::c;";r', dnd he h".:
re..,"'" beer tre Clled for rulme>r.d'\
tl.l"l;"(L.I('\', '''boul -*~ per.em of [he
~1.....:' gr{\ur repo"red ~e'IOU, 1'1-, ~I.'"
p'ot-:. "r.~ In.;"d'n~ hea': dlse,,~c an:
Cd'1:C' Jr. addl'Jo, IC' Ihel' p~\Cholo~
J,": d.tf.:u:!le~ I Fmali\ aN-Li: ~ 1 per
ce-I ~.fertd Frorr penon,,:n dl\[\'j(T'
Ihol' rr-,;dt I: hd'C for Ihem I" form d.nd
Ma'~:" f n~a:;orshl;'\ or Ie' ho);:: e:. Jot-
ChrC'nt. menla11]]ne~s e\en ...hen 11 l~
~(. e'c enoLIgf-. 10 lmpal' the at':' I' ,
10 fun.'lor Il"1 ~oCle:' doe~ no' b\ llse"
cause homde\~ne~, am mOTe thar. un
err-['lC". ment doe, For Ihe g'ea' mol
JOT]t., of sheller guest~ I..... of " home
1~ S\ mr10IT'd.:J, of Iota' dls~onne;ll"r
frO'T ~:Jrl'('I'II;. e peorle and i'1S[ll u: l('lr. ,
Con~ldn fo' il. mO'TIen1 v.hal v.oulc
harl'er If a cnslS v. ere 10 s[rlke ... our
life-if }Ou "'ere tr> lo~f' \out )or sa\
or COnlta~1 <l serlou~ Illne~~ '10~' like
II \{\l! are surrounded t-., fami!l and
fnend~ t>\ C('l "'N~et~ ane e\en b\ pro
fes,lona' caTela~er~ at \ aTlOLiS so. la'
llgen~ le~'" ho.e heIr \ ou could ,all on t"
pre,enl d d"",nv.ard slide 'rou art' 111
surea t>olt> m Ihe I"era] stnst' of ha\ In!;
cO\t'r<lge agdm~t flnan.Jal lo~> "nd In Ihe
ft~urall\e sense of ha\lni a Tehabie ~up
pOT! net", or!.
To talk ....th homeless people IS [0 be
stTud t>\ ho... alone most of [hem are
The Isolation 15 mOsl s.e\- ere for [he men
l<llh III Farn:l\ an::: friend, g'('" C\
hal.l~led or lad. Ihe ah;I' 1(. n..'r <"c'
bllrdenec 50':1'" ",o'..et. 'T',,' t'>c ic" re
sponSI\e the hOITlele" Iher-,,;-'.c~ md\
be unv.lll1nf or una"ie t{' ~('I~""d"j':dl~
Ihelr need- and 10 m....[ ,,~< "f lh, 'I'r
pC-PI il...ilc",c SCTTh -oJ rC'~L- pC I~,
s.heller re~lden'~ "'c m'c' Jt"C;:! s,,'j
the\ had nC' fal""',h reld'iC'","T> dnd
-; pf"cenT .d': lhe- to,,': "10 fflene'
e\en \l.llhlr the sheller (OlT'1""L'n'l\
Those v.ho had beer- ho~r:',,!jZ(~ hdorc
fo' p~\Ch;alrl~ rea,or"~ (db[J~l ('I'lL thIrd
of t":le gtO' r' Ter{\'lec e C" In' Sf'.;d I
conlol.1 morc Ihd- 9r, pe'.c"" C'F Ihe-;,
h"d nel:"e' fnend. n{l' (d- " ,\+-'f'"
~4) perren' Of al] the 8 unt\ ~"jj I hn hd':
no reldllOl'sh'j' ""ill' <l'l\('Il"I( or ...,,1".
an\ socia: Jnsltl\JIIO- ..lth(.q:1- on!' t-.
percenT ..orked sledd.l\ on'. ~~ pC'
cen: TeCel\ed an', findn~I'" ol~,'~ld",C
There lS usuall\ n('l ~I"lf'< >I""'t' rc'
,or. for an mdl'ldud.' ~ be.o"-;in,[: hc,mc
les~ ralher horn,le~sne~' ,,{"'c, I....' P
nal Sl<l~e 'f" a I:fe]oni: ~erl.' ,,; c'",, ,,~.:'
missed oppOTlUnl1le~ th< .ul'"1lr."0r
of a ITadual dl5,tng..gt me-" frorr "',
pOtlne relalJon~.lIr' <In: 1T1"1'i'lII('~' \
final e:l.ample IIJust-,,1':' lht pC'T' ,~.
....ear-old mdn '" hor' r .h,,~' .dll jc.!--,..
M ha~ lJ\ed or Ihe sl'"el' anj Ir ,~,.
shelters of Bo~ton fo' ((\" 'Cd" TI-,.
)Oungesl of fo.Jr slt'>img. 1<1 " 'f'~'-
m,ddJe-;:I"s~ famll, John", ~r..r' "'''','
of hi' adoJl'~,:en- \can lr, "r 1-.':" ,,,-
fOT Ihe menl..lh rel"rdt. C H, '.. -r.,"
bers v.ashl"~ dlshe, ~C"r.f If' . ;d".
and looking fOi"'drd 1C' Ih, . ,~.. ('I r
mother ane older SISle' \\ her he TL,.,.,:
16 he mO'l'd back home ilnd ~r('" 'il"'".
..atchmi: lele\ISIOn and ~LoI'C-T:" I" !t-"
- .<1:
.
.
carden Ten years later hIS older sISter
died suddenl) and Johnn) had a "ner-
vous brcal.do..n' He be;;ame ternlled
of d)'lng he cned const.nll) and his
thougnts became confuKd Because he
,.,iU unable 10 care for hunself he was
Imoluntanl; commllled to a state bos-
pllal. where he remamed Cor [he neXl
rlpl years He became .er} Itlached
to a soclallll.ori.er IIl.hom he sav. tlll.lCC a
wed. Cor therap)
AlthouCh the hospital had become
Johnn\ s home he ....as discharged at
Ihe helghl of delnslJlullonahzatJon mID
a SIr"i:lc roo", occupano hOlel HIS fa
the had died his mC'lher ...as 10 a nurs-
Ing home d.nd neIther hiS remau:.mg SIS
Itf .,or h'S brolher ;ol.lld afford 1(' sur
por' 1-.""1 ~ Itl-., Si ~ "lonlh~ he hdd lost
contdd IOI[h [he hOsra.l] Johnn\ ....as
fO".d C"J' of the hC't~1 ....ht'n 11 ....as
con', cried In[O .ondo'T1Jnlums unable
tC' j ;.~ d ro{>~ he ~oL,ld afford he
rO<lmc..! the streets for se\eraJ months
un:l; <1"1 ddcr" ....oma., ,lnd her daugh
ler lool !- ,;r Ir:o I~e If room JOg house
\l. "('~ l'1l ddug"'.er die: unnpe;:tedh
or o:l slrol..l 10Mn:" became depressed
It>C .~'1 :hl olher res,den:s v.ere tr}
m~ !0 h,,"'T] hlrr and gre"" mcreasmgh
N:"i 'gL pc.,- H.s landlde!, e\ lCted hIm
"I'f]~,~. rDOdrces or supports and v.llh
.lr ,n... :r'c~' PS\ ;;1')05'5 he ended up
h('l~<\'" Rc<,g'ied 10 slree. lIfe he no.....
spcr;c, h's dd\ ~ "" all..lng endlessl) for-
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.,mlln dumpsters Occaslonllll) he col
kcrs bonles sells hI!, blood for tran~
fUSion or tBAes part III medical upen
menU [0 maAe pod,et mone)' itching
from hee. .....earmg tatlered clolhes and
sutfermg from celluhus of onr leg he
leels luti.) [hat he can depend on an
evenl1ll meal at the shelter and thaI on
mosl mghls he has access to a bed
Shelters help to I..eep Johnn) M and
hiS compamons In misfortune ah\e
That IS a shelter's functIOn to pro\ Ide
food. clolhmg and a bed 4,1 a I) pJ;:al
shelter Buests Ime up outside unl d the
doors bren In Ihe earl~ e.emng "'\ secu
fl1\ guard ched.s each person for alee.
ho: drugs and"" eapons Nt'''' guests are
aho cheded for lice AI some shelters
volunteers cool.. hOI meals al Olners din
ner COnsists of soup sand..... Khes and
coffee Some guests spend the e\enmg
SOCialiZing and pla~ 109 cards bu: most
are 100 V.ear) or too delached and go
dlrectl) to sleep The dOmlI10"\ IS t\]:'
Icall\ a barren audllorlum-Slze room
.....lIh ro"" s of cots or beds and one 0: t.... 0
cnbs Some limes groups of Sl:\ or more
beds are separated b\ pan-tlOns Shelter
guests usualh ha\e fe..... opportUnllleS 10
'o1oasn dUTlng the da\ and so al nigh: the
bathrooms al the sheller .irf generalh
overcro""ded B) 10 Of. P '" [he lights
are turned out and the n(').1 morning
the guests are a....al..ened earl) gn en
JOH'" M. (. p5."'o.,al _. _. vl ... "-1!If ..... ...._
~I."ed b, III. ."or H.. Mft "'en I. ur -Ul.l1II to elloecl .....
a-t_ dldI. Urftl ... -1IJtI.. for m.tr Ie s-.. .1 ....~ ......r Oil
EMtrr s...., entAl).. Tral" .. .. i.ufllbOtl for ....<< ...taIl) rr-
44
coffee and a doughnut and senl out. e\en
If the tempera I ure IS belov. zero
The atmosphere 1n a Sheller I~ some
tlme~ ..olallle. and OCtaslonall\ \ lolen:
fi,hts erupt thaI ha, e to be bro~en up b}
the staff or the pollee On the other hdnd
[he anonymu)' and InvIS1blll!} fostered
b; shellers IS comforting 10 maM of the
cuests. who spend [heir da\s as hlghh
VISIble SOCial oulcasts Shelter pro\ Ider5
tT) to [real their guesls ~ uh dlRnl!, and
respect asl..lng no q ueSllons an-d alldch
mg no sttlngs 10 the "'elr thel offer
Do [ne~ offer enougt-~ In m I \ Ie\/.
Iht'l do'hol Shelters ....oule be the ar
propnate Solullon If Ihe homeless .... e"l
simp:' Ihe \ !CltTY'S Of un:mp'(>\ men' ,,'
of dlsaslers sud; as ftood- or IIres 4,1
thougl-: these factors und0ubtcdl\ ~C'r,
trlbUle to the problem Ihe {>.err,d'-;;:
facI about the homeless IS Ihd' m-,s' d'l
mental!} disabled and IsoJatcd fr,.,rr l'1c
suppor! thai m1g';[ help 10 relntq~'dl~
them Into SOClel' \torec:l\~r mdn., <I'L
chronH:.alh permanent!~ jll .inj ....
neHr be able 10 li\(~ lrdepende~-h
AllhOl.lgt- \anOUS Jnno\a[l\e mc>.:L
programs e:\lSI Includmg one src"
sored b) 5t Vincent s Hospndl Ir ....... ,
Yor\.. Cll~ shelten as a rule offer on
minimal medical ps}cholo~i...dl an..:
SOCial ser\lces The\ are gencrdll> un
derslaffed and ha\e ~\I. personnel spc
clficalh trained 10 care Cor Ihe se\cre
I) dIsabled Because the\ are open onl\
--
,
t
\
1
,
I
,
.t nllhT thC'} can no. oft'C'r W CDnunu
m, suprorl and iupcr\ 1$IOn thai man}
ChrODIC..II\ III people n<<d ~opk
...ho~ condition mlenl Improve ..Ilh
properl} super\!)Cd uutment (for u
ample the 18-)'ear-old Sludenl I mcn
bOned .bov~l do nOI '~I II al the Ihel
ten And II hardl) needs saym& thaI
shellcrs oue not a humane solullon to the
1fobJem of prO\ Idul@ a place to hVI: for
r/lCsc who suffer from prrmanenl men
II' dlSabllllJe~
The precise exlenl to ....hlch mental
Illne~scs are pre' alent amo!li; the home-
Jf'~~ rCmalT'~ il mdllcr of contrO\e's\
ft.;:en- ;:1IT';;:0' SH.l:lt:~ al shel\er~ m 1-0;
A"ngcie~ .....tv.. ) ort, and PhIladelphia
SUr';:,cn m' con'entJol' .hal a malNlI\
of t"c h0T"':::U' sur::. {rorr ps'. ;h.,,""
c!',o.der~ b"t other eSllfT'ates ha.. e pu'
the In;: JO<";: e of men:..' Illness amon!;
sheller p('rJ'd'IOr~ as lo'J. as ~(1 percer.l
AU Ihe,( sludles tn,lu::!m~ our o~r.
ha'. f bee'" la"ge>, des;T1p: '\ e and hi!. e
beer. pl,,!;ued b', melhodolog;;:al pro'-
lefT), Dtferen;e; In resL;]'s ca., be al
lnQ.Jled 1(' Ih( d:fh:T~;l; Iheore'lea1 bid>
e~ o( the ,a'IOE Jr". e5IJ~a'0~, 10 Ihe
Ul.e o~ ddfe~eTjl st<lnj..rj,ze.:: l.::aJe, a,
the baSI' for p~\ChlatTl: e~a]ua'lO'1 an::!
JT\O~' ('t a;' w \he dlfr,:"l", of Ohld.1f\I"\~
a re,,'e,en',,",e sam:,\ o~ a consld"'"
Shlf:ln~ pOl' ",l<lI',or. In addmon there I"
00 real.('r Ie' e"pc~: Ih~ characlerlsn:s
of the homeles' popuialloT' tc' be cor
T C~Ln
soml
lokn!
.urh
h6nd
~lcnd
or [h~
IJt;hh
'lder,
\ d.nJ
....t
" r
I
\ u~ 1,1.
.. ~f
""...h
..... (\1
.'\.
I
... {,T
~~:
~ 1 I::II-!..
r ~nl..
l;r d'~
.~ dr:.
.....:.
..j.'
~(,......
'e,",
o~
..n.:
LJt"':
src
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orr~ ..
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.
DD
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..ant thToulhout tIw CDUnlr) ....hrn men
..I heallh poliCIes and eCODomlC cond.
lIOns "'aT) re'lOnaIl}
Tilt public debale on homelessness
would undoubtedl} be enlightened
b) more f1lorous research If\IO the ,.us
e. of the problem II can alTead) be 5~lld
ho..e..er thaI al thr vtT) leasl a llgmfi
ClInt fral;1I0n of the people who frequen.
Ihehen have dla,no511blr menial dlStur
bances Public :senants of allldtoloiJ(~s
ha\e faaled 10 recognize the unpllca
llOm of lhls fael Man\ pollllcal con
S~f\all\eS seem to belle'.e the Go\ern
men' has little oHigatlon \('I caH lor Ih{
homeks~ thiS atlllude IS perhap~ ~Sl
~>.tmphfled t>\ PreSldenl Reapn l. ofter'
quoted rema-}.. !ha: . the homeJes~ are
homeles. YOu mlgn' sa} b. chOice
For poll1l.;:a1 liberals the pllg'1r of lh{
homeless senes a. ammunlllon In their
au",,!. on lhe AdmlmstratJol' s eeonom
Ie rokJe~ but the soJUllon the\ tend
10 surporl IS the (Ji.panSlOn of tmer~en
q shelters Simp'. plJttm~ .a lempo'an
dres~mg OT' '" hal has become a large
fesre~lT'>f ....ound In the sOCIa! bod,.
Therr IS no rn~ SIer} aboUT the nature
0' " mOTe appropnatf soJutJon Esse.,
tlii:", \' "'ould can (or catr~ mg OUI the
abO"led plans of th~ 19"" communll\
mfnta' neal'Lh la..... b\ prO\ldmg il sp';
truTf' of houslng option' and relalec
heallh .;:aTt' anc so(']al se~"lces for the
.-~
. .
'~ $:.
'\" ---... II
.-'
....
..--
. .
--
..tnt.l11 III Tbcw. ..ould enl.. II I" In~
arran,emenl. .. Jlh \ An Jn~ d. J:',., ..,
....pC'T\ISIOn from ~~ hour e.r~ 011111<" t
~UIlC nSldcnch ror p.tllLnl- ~II" !II,
vere ps)'cho$ot~ to more Ind~ pcn.:!. n" h,
In, at luM", I) ho\.l5('s for roll"n', "'Tll
kss K\ere dISOrder. $(lm, fl..1I1 nt,
would rectl\e counsehnl; and thu..p
""Jth the 1081 of reh..I'\llu..l1nt: Ih, IT' ..nJ
even .tllln& lhem lOb. tn the ,omm un.
I)' The one major chaniL nerd.': In
~ communu~ mental hc.lth rr"p ..I"
ho""ever IS a ,realcr rCrC'l~nl:II'" ('f lh~
h.g'\ltatlonsofr~\chllt\r. g...,r In. .\t'
renl slate (If Ihl art m ,." eh'{1f"' I. ,II>
dl~II.IIlx:c! pcoT'l~ ~.m..;, ...nn,'- Ox :,
hab.ll1aled ~nd the I! {'I.. 1 IT' th." ,.I', ,
""Duld tx to pfO'.\QI tn, r""I, ". '" ,It.
comfortable and frlcndl\ a" I, ~
The commUnll\ men'..' hldl:'- m{".~
menl faded pTlm.irlh 1>"001'" lh. f.J
eral and state lo\ernmcl'l, n~'.~r ..I
located lhe mo~\_pced,.J It' fulll!' II;
promise AmerH:an )ooelet', " c urrl nt' \
trymg to solle the pror.Jlm ehL..Irl\ l:"
inS the mentalh III h"melc -, ill be,!
cmergr:nq refuge ..nd 61 "'o"~' n('l ref
uge al all Tnr que.llon rd.tsed r.\ Ih~
increasing numl:Jer or homdc~~ p,ork I'
a ver~ basIC one Arc "'mC'Tlcd.n~ '" IIl1ng
lo conSI,n a bro..d c16~' ('If dl~ahlcd \'\("l
pie 10 a life of dcgrddd.lIon or \\ .11 Inn
male the commHmenllr>p'e \u..h f'\{'
pie the care thf\ nt'cd~ In a en II III J SCl
tlet) the ansv.er should he cledr
#
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lutIed ti . ("~lId.loIlDa, "I. _ .tn COIII.tn_ Ie a ....., ~I
~ "~D~. bet a a~_lIrral,;do..... H~ __ dl5C'ItarIMI .. U..1taa~1
".ri~'1t8"o. a.... p roo_ -M liar ..,III.." .~,-
.11I" ~Io t"Oelfo......1IlL a.... ..tII....r ~,.. f_ ,..~
""C
INITIATIVE:
PROBLEM
DAY SUPPORTIVE SERVICES
The number of homeless persons continues to grow and the existing
network of services is overburdened by increasing numbers and shrinking
housing, mental health and other social service resources. There is a
shortage of indoor places for homeless people to go during the day. The
majority of shelters are closed during daytime hours and existing day
centers and drop-in centers are small. overcrowded. and lack adequate
facilities to help persons maintain hygIene. rest, offer protection from the
elements, and find assistance In job searching. People who are homeless
need to be contacted sooner by outreach teams, park rangers and other
designated City personnel and hnked to services. There are not enough
employment or day services for people on the streets or in shelters.
VALUES
Day services should offer constructive self-help opportunities to promote
self-sufficiency, self esteem, healthy behavior, hygiene and personal
responsibility. Access to affordable housing. job opportunities. health care
and related supportive services allows people to maintain themselves
independently, thus promoting community stability and productivity.
POUCY
The City should support an expansion of current programs for the homeless
only if they promote efforts toward stabilization and attainment of
permanent housing. Day services and shelter fhousing service should be
linked. Ideally. programs should be small and decentralized. located at
scattered sites throughout the City. Programs should define the values
which guide therr service and a code of behavior for participation. Program
participants should be Involved In a broad range of program operations
includIng. where appropriate, employment opportunities at the agencies.
Programs should begin to shift the focus to more permanent solution
oriented approaches and away from emergency services. Programs which
currently serve people only during day hours Monday through Friday should
expand to include weekend hours and should investigate the possibility of
offering night-time shelter. Programs which offer only night-time shelter
should ensure that participants are Involved in meaningful day activities.
Outreach should be increased and coordinated with park rangers. the police
and all area non-profits whICh work with the homeless.
By and large. the current continuum of services should be maintained and
expanded. Outreach, case management. follow up services, drug and alcohol
servIces. health services. and employment serVIces are all areas which
require either new or expanded programming. The City should advocate to
the appropriate governmental bodies for funding for services targeted to
28
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APFENiJIX III
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SHAFON OORSEY
! am a 33 year old woma~.
I have been homeless since my
apar~~e~t ~n Hollywood was destroyed in a f1re last year.
! ar c~sa~led fro~ a head ~nJury.
Shor~ly before the f~re
.....
: w~s t~e v~c~~~ c: a gang rape, a~= : have bee~ u~=e~ t~e
ca=e 0: a ~syc~..l.a~=:.s~ a:-.c c:;. rr.e~:.ca~.:.=-r. s:..nce the~..,.. s.~-
. wa~~ ~~ be re~ab::~ta~ec ar.c get bac~ to;e~~e~.
:: :ee:
- ha~e a :c~ t~ o!!e: the wc=:~.
~
~.,.. ':"_00: "';::II-r.o-
........ . -....--- ,
~a~ 4, :9!~, : ca~e to the DP55 o:!~ce at 8:3
4~~ F:ace to ge~ a ?la:e to s~a~:.
At 4:50 ?~. : was
q::"'Je:: a ehec'l:. for S24. oc. a::d. tole to cere bac~ e~ Mc:;ca'T
. .. :~e:. to:::'
~e ~~a~ ~~a~ c~eck was :~=
:!Ie to go 'tc a
nc-:.e_tI
~~e\~
c~c~'~ ~~ve me t~e r.a~es 0:
a~":... rr:c'te:!..s.
: cas~e~ the c:.ec~ e~ a check cas:.~~~ ?~ace... !~ C05~ me
sc~e:~~~g to casr l't, but: don't re~enbe~ the exact.
a~c ..::-: ~ .
I walked aro~~c lcok~nS :o~ a hcte:.
: we,,;"; tc
~~e We:=o~. T~e guy sa~c ~t was 510.00, ar.a ! hac to wa~~
=c~ so~ecne else to shc~ me tbe roc~.
I wa.:.-:ec
. -
...--
W~~:e
~~e loc=y, me~ we:e bo~~e~~~g me. Whe~ t~e ot~e= ma~ ca~e
~= S~CW roe t~e room, t~e=e we:e two people ~~ t~e r~c~.
':'~le tria:; at the desk sa:..:5 't.~e:. c~c.:'l' t ha"e any't::':":'lg e :se .
The~ ~ we"-t OU't to !ng~ewooc to t~e Da~c~i Mote: a~c
=e~~ec a ~oc~ for S25.0C.
- knew: wasr.'t qo:~~ tc ~a<=
~~ a:: weeke~c, bu~ ! hac to qe't. a ?lece...
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The nex~ day was Saturday, and I d~en't have enough for a
second night.
I checked out and Just began to wander. My
fee~ were a~l bl~5tered from walk~ng.
I ended up r1d~ng
the bus.
! tole the bU5 dr~ver my situat~on and he JUs~
:e~ ne 0:: a~ l09~~ St. a~d W~~~~gt~r.. ~ sle?~ on a
s't;:,c;: t::ere.
: wancerec al: day Su~day.
! ha"e b:oci.:.e:: a
:C~ c: ~~a~ t~~e be=a~se ~~ ~s so ~a~~:u:.
: re!"'\e!"..::e::
\....... --
;,.I w_ _".':;'
~ ~~cw : was o~~s~de Su~da: n~;~t,
b,...
- -
scr.e
Jc.:..ce.
: eo~'t ~e~e~e= t~e st=ee~.
-.
T~e wee~e~c was sca::~1 f::~g~~e~~~g, eernean~~Sl te~=:::.:~S.
: ca::e= ~~e pc:~=e beca~se : was sc fr~g~tenec b~ the mer.
C~ t~e st~ee~. n ~a~ hac =een :ol:c~~ng me, p~ll~r.g C~
t:-e s:ee':e 0: ::'\.: i::ouse, c:u::k~:;g :l.r. a~d out 0: coo~a::s
a::.c sca=.::;~ ::-:e.
A WC!"a~ c::.:=e= ma=e fu~ 0: ~e a~c s~e
sa=..= ~V'
t!'.e DPSE
was I was on the
s-t:eets because
............."!A-
.:--......----
hac p~~ me t~e=e.
~he~ she h~~g ~p 0:; me.
A:: I wa~~ 15 t= be 5~ro~;.
~~~S mcr~~~g : p~aye= tc Gee
t:: =e~"Le!':"~e::"
a:1C cy
ca~ab~~:..~:.es.
,....".
... ~
s~re~gt.~5
;C=:?~ E~?: ?CSS
: ar 36 yea:s 01=.
! earne to Los ~~~e:es
: an home~ess.
w~~h ~y w::e. Ju~y Ross, on ~ay 2, 1984, !rom Tucsc:;,
rl=:':: ~:-..a .
: ca~e to =~~~ wc=k.
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On the same day we ca~e to Los An;e1es, we were robbed a~
kr.~fe po~nt by 4 guys. They took all ~ur money ($112.00)
a~d my ~de~t~=~cat~on. They took all my clot~es. eXcep~
wr.a": I have on.
.
-
S:':l=e be:":ig
we have be~~ l:..v~~g
~~e
ro.::::.e.:. ,
S1::-ee,,:s.
.......
..... .
~:: w::e ~5 S~~:: te~=~~:e~ f==~ be~~~ r~=~e~.
S.:: ......e ......c:.-::
a=~~~c a:: ~~g~~. w~e~ we ca~lt gc C~, we S~~; a~~ S.-
C~~~ a~c ge~ a l~~~:e s1ee?_
! wa<:=h over my w~:e wt~:'e
s!":.e
slee'::s.
s:'ee::
i: ce-=-: I t
""''''!'. ,......
.u,.I__...
myse::.
We we=e les,,: ~~ e
=e= c~e= a ......ee~ a~=.
-;';e ca:-,e t:: t:.e we:':a=e o:::.ce cr. Beve=:'y BCt:.:'eva=:. on !o'-a"
8, :9S~9 A ~:~~s~e= ~C:= me we cou:e ge~ he:? a~ ~~e
we:=a== o==:=e. A~ azc~~ S:3~ P.~41 the we:=a=e wc:ke=
":=_= =e a:':' ~~e~ cou:'d do was q~ve ~5 eac~ a c~ec~ ~c=
s: . c:: .
C. . .:
--
a::-:'
:coc.
== mc::e:.
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':he:.
s~a:"';s
~c-:
g:. +J e
~s
:ccd.
We ::sc las-: ea~e:: a": a m:.ss:.:::lr: C~ Ma:' i, 1ge.:. we he::
nc":~~~g a~ a:: to ea": on ~a: S. We looked fc: a ho~el
r::::::-.
We we::-~ ~~ :5 0= :6 ~cte:s. Nor:e 0: t~e~ ~ac a
~~c:- f:= S:6.CC :~r two ?ecp~e.
. t=led a:~ t~e p:ac~s
. -
-..
s<:.c r:;t,;.
No~e 0: t~e~ ~ae a =oo~ we cou:c a!:c==.
F:.~a:ly, we ga~e up look~n~ fer a place about 2:00 a,~"
a=~e= wa:~:.::g arcunc s~nce 5:3C p.m. Ne~the= 0: us ha=
ea~e:: :0= :!tcre the::. 36 hc'~rs. We s-ce::": sc:"te 0: "the :r'c~e"
3
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on fooe,
after
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became clea= we were never gc~ng to ~~~C
a p:'ace.
We t~e~ besa~ wa:k~~s the 5tree~s aga:~, as we have cone
:~= t~e pas~ week.
As lens as yc~ kee? ~cv~~g, tbe pc::ce
~r-I...
~- ...
bc~~e=- yc...:.
'~_\."'=a....::i
--io:::'.":"'--
B'~- we t=:~ t..:: s-:a~r 1:: we::
a=eas
5:- we cc-'-: ce:.
S~-:;: I
2--::l,-.,r.:;.":
;;;:;;Ii____ ...___
E~-: w~e- ~e
=S'c.:~.
~~~ c~Fs ra~= us ~c~e C~.
7~e ~a==es~ t~~~g has bee~ hav~~; ~~ wa~=~ ~~ w~~e
S. "'::&:1-
-- - --
~::::_=t:.:;:__..
S::-e- :5::-";.
as
: a~.
S~e ~as =e.= ::::'
... to. - c:.
.......-.... ..
~.::. .. """..._\..
.....- ---,=...~
c~a~qe~ :~ t~e :3:~ wee~.
S~e ~s ~e=~o~s a~= ce~=essec
a:: ~::e t~;-e.
y..;e :::.~:: f ~
r:.e~c
\';e co:".'";
C~
v.e
wa~-:. to
-",.....
L_._.... ..
w=o~g.
C::_'\.
wa~": to
E"" we :-.c'-e to ha':e a ?_c.::e ~o 5':.2:".
5" -.. - --c
-- ... - -..
: I ~_ ::c-: g::.~;
~'~Cl a:::;.e w~::e ! :oc~
&_-
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_e~'"r.."e _
wc=k.
S~e ~s to~ scarec c! be:~; attackec a~a~~.
:\c-:
':::a':
ca~ :cc~ fer W~=~ a~:.way.
~ ha7e~'t ha~ a s::~~e~
:..:; a ,.;ee-::.
~'~e ~a"_.e :-:.e..e-::- :ee:-. 0:-: we:':==~.
- ~as': workec as a ca=~~e':
7a~e: ~~ ~u=sc~.
: wa::~ -:= wc=k~
-:~eZ'e :.US-:' ::'5:"" ~ a:--...."
wc~<.
Fer nc~ : :~s-: hav~ to s:-: he~E W~~~ ~y w~:e,
wa::~~g tc see w~a~ W~:: ha~pe~.
4
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CLAC~E OALE NAS~
I arr 44 years old.
! ha~e l~ved ~~ Los Angeles s~~c~
1945.
c:- ~_;:-:.. ~
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abo~~, : ca~e ~c the ~?SS at s:~ E.
4"::--.
P:'a=e.
~he d~=t~= w~c ~s t=ea"::~; ne :C1 t~~e=c~:~s:E
~~:= -=e
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Ifc be~~e~ ge~ a p:a=e ~~
sa:..:'
. ~
: d:e~.t wa~~ to e~e,
c~ A~=~: 23, : gc~ t~ t~e ~rS5 a ::~~:e ~e:~=~ 8::: a ~.
~ -
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a D?SS wc=~e= ;a~e rre a vc~=~e=
~:-e
1: ::
~~
a---.-;-
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:!: wa:~ec
t~
'the :~e :.~g c =-:.
a:':' t~e wa.'
~.c.....-.::.-
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Ce::~e= a~ 6~~ S~=ee~ a:--= Sa:: Ju:':a" St=ee~, a::c p=ese:'"~ec
"'w.C"':':: "':e:- .
~~e ces< c:e~~ ~~ic ~e ~~a~ t~ey ha= ~~
\'''aca::c::..es ~
Sc : wa:"<ec.
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bac~ tc t~e C?S~ a~
~:-.a.e wa:'
8. - -
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a-: ~~e :.?SS,
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a::::. wa:..~ec.
: sa':.
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t.:-e::" ceo": :ole a c:-.e'.:": :0= S16.QC.
'va: --:ec 't= -:.;:e
ca5~ t::.e
:C~~ S~~ee~ ~a=~e~
::::e:,..
:.=
~::e:' c::.a=;ec
t::e c~ec'<.
- c:.=.=- I -: ~.c.-e ~c
~e S:.EJ
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C.<lS::'
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....,. .
........... .
: we~~ t~ a:: <1~CS c: p:'aces loc~:~g :o~ a roc~.
'..;e::~
O\~e=
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a~ 5<:.:: ar.c ~a~::, b~t
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I walkec over to the Modoc, at 8th and Stanford, but
they c~d::'t have no rooms.
I tr:ed the Ell~s, but the~= doc=
was locked.
! tr~ec a hotel down a~ 12th and Ce~~=a:.
- tor:.!!::
a cu~ch c: pla=es ! car.'t r~membe=.
~:-e=~ was no p.;.a=e :cr tt:e mc~ey t.:-e:' ga..'e :ne.
.l. go! ",; '.l;;
a:-:: .:eac.e:::. !::: ':.::e Ca::le:::, a:: a::-:--:.-="::. :;c":.e c:- Sr:;a::...-a'
... s~:.:.e~ ~::e:--e
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~::e Cc:-e:: :..s ::c ~~:--= c: p:a:-e. V.-..~ C'''''.. to s:'ee= $....-.--
- ~~ '" .. - - --.. -
~; y=-..: c....- -- '-:.ee:: c:-'e e"Q ope:-. .,.& \..~~- go ...- s:ee::
~ "- . .- -- ,
t.::e:
~~e se=~-_::
: sa.... a
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':.::e=e,
C~~ yc~= pcc<=~s.
c:::..:::_e c:
~::e.:.= pccke-:.s
,........ c:
....- ...
ge:.
c::-:.
7~e Ca~e: :5 ==:w=e~ a:: n~;~~ 1=-;.
Y:~ ~~~ fa~:.::es,
~=~~~, _~~~:e c~~_==e~, =~a~~. pecF:e, ac~e :~e~=s.
v-.
see a:: :<':":-C5
O,C ,.:; -~ T-
- --"..
~ _= 4
t..e__.
?e:~:e
s...........-
----- ...
up
l.::-:.
..1.
~~e pe~s~n~: ~:s~=~~~s 0: ~~e cec:ara~~s her:~~
a=~ea= =e~~e5e~~a~~ve 0: t~e hcre:ess pc?u:a~:c~ ~~ Lcs A~~e:es
ge:-e==__:". Dr. ?~c~a=~ E. Rcpe=s arc h:s c~::ea~ues a:. t~e
~.:.~.A. SC~~C: 0: p~=:~c Hea:~~ have ~ece~~:y co~c~~~e: a
sys~~7a~~c s~=~e:' c: :cs A~qe:esf hore:ess ?~?~:a~:c~. 2:'5
C=~=:~S:=~1 c=a~~ ==~~ s=~e~~~=:= ~e$e=~=~, 1S cc~s:ste~~ ~~~~
..-~
~_..-
. -.
.:..~c...:.. ....::=~a __ na=!'a~.:. '''es
a~ !'x::=...=.:: ..;.
. - .
cc _ _ec-:..:. ".'e_".:.
S1;.=~': :..:e~
:~. ~=;e=s s~a~es:
~~e ~cs~ corr~=~ sce~a=~o leac~~~ t~ the hcne:ess =c~~:~:..:~
~~c~S O~= res?cnce~~s ~s that 0= a pe=scn work~nq i~ a
b:~e c:::a= c= se=v~ce oc=~pat:on W~~~ ve~y 11t~:e ~~ ~~e
we: of assets, w~c becomes u~e~Floyec.. ~r.e lac~ 0: ~~cc~e
a~~ asse~s le3~S to a:: ~nabl:~~Y :0 pa~ re~: a~d tc
0_'""_-_-__. ~-... ~\..e ...,.-. ""a' rec:-c.....::Ie-~ . 5 sec' a"v ,...".....,,__1.~,.::I
_ _ ::.....~ ::-__ _ : _::' .1:1;.... ....: .... _ _./-. . ~~"'w.. _ _"'"-__....__,
a~= ~s ~sua~.y ur~a~r~ec, w:~c~ec, or c~vcrce~, W~~~ ~=
c:~se =~7~:: ~~es ~~ t~e Los Ar.;e:es a=ea. Dec~a=a:.:.c;. c:
R~=~a=c H. ~c?er$, ?~.:., Ex~i~l~ B-3.
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J Ol-m GRAF
I come froe Iowa. where I ~ a professional
.
trucke~. I was a Captain in the Air Foree. Eight
months ago ! ~as laid off my last trucking job and
have been unable to fine wc=k since the~. I came to
Los Angeles five weeks age to look for work out
here. The unemploymen: rate in Iowa is over
.
3D:.
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! hac been staying with a friend in Los Angeles
since I arrivec. . . . But he got marriec ane told
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me I had to leave. Last night, having nowhere to
go, I slept in a caT.
1 came on Thursday. Dececber 8. 1983 eo ehe
DPSS office at 2711 Beverly
to get emergencY
. . .
shelter . . . . I told them at that time that I had
nc p~ace to stay anc marked this on tn.~
ta??l~ca~~o~; for= to~.
I waitec ~t~l 4:0C p.~. At t~a~ t~e, 1 was
ca~lec to anc~he= wi~do~
[.,.. h
. ~ ~ ey
gave me a
. . .
",",ite catc that told me to come back in six (e). .da)'s
. . .
an~ a ~ist of skic ro~ ~ssions.
1 found out
that the l~s~ is not eve~ accurate.
1 do not k~ow what 1 will do tonight or for the
nex~ six nightS . . . .
B:U. w::.:~Et\
! have livec in California for twenty-nine
years, and I have always worked. I am a cook. But
1 got do~~ and out and have not been able to find
another job. I have been homeless for one month. I
sleep in the weeds behind Alpha Beta. Four other
me~ sleep there tOO . . . . If I can get a place
~nside, I can get myself cleaned up and get a job.
You can't work when you're sleeping in the weeds.
1 cace to the DPSS office at 2711 BeveTly
Boulevard. . . on Friday, December 2. 1983 · . . to
get a place to stay.
1 arrived at 9:00 a.m.
. . .
and got forms to fill out. The woman at the window
8
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5
~
,
7
8
9 '
10 I
11
12
13
14
15
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17
18
19
20
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22,
23 I;
(
2" I
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1
26 I
I
27
I
28
--~ ~- - -=
./-
,
. ~
asked me where I was staying.
sleeping outside in the weeds.
I told her I was
She told me to come
back Wednesday. (December 7. 1983) at 9:00 to get 8
housing voucher.
. . . I had to sleep outside and eat food from
garbage dum?s~ers for six more days before they
~o~lc see me again.
~
Or. ~ednescay. I arrived half an hou= la~e (at
9:30 a.m.'. . . . The worke~ talc me to come back
Friccy (December 9th). I told her 1 could not wait
that lor.g and keep sleeping out. so she told me I
cou:c coce back. . . Thursday.
I ~e~urnec Th~rsday . . . at 8:00
It is
now 12:30 p.~.. anc . . . I still have nothing.
JON ROTEUS
Approxicately five weeks ago I arrived in Los
Ar.ge:es fro~ Reno, Nevada. 1 decided to leave Reno
af:er looking for work there unsuccessfully for at
least a month. Emp:oymen: is seasonal there: it's
nea~ icpossible to find work in the winter months.
Once the sno~ COQes down over Donner Pass the
tou~ist buses s~op ar=iving fro~ Sacrame~to and the
casi~os anc restaurants cut back to three or four
day work weeks.
I am thirty-fou= years old. I was an
in:antryman in the Vietnam War and served in South
Vietncm: in 1968.
9
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2
r 3
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I
5
6
7
8
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12
13
14
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16
V
18
19
20
21
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~
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26
27
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I volunteered fOT that service and during my
d~ty earned a Vietnam Service Medal with ewo Bronze
Service Sta~s, an Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal,
and a Sharpshooter Badge with Automatic Rifle Bar.
! have papers with me today to prove this and serve
as I.D.
~
I hac nc place to go. I walked the streets for
~c days a~c twc nights t=y~ng to th~nk what I
sho~ld do . . . .
On Decembe~ 13, 1983 I came for the first time
;
to the DepartQe~~ of Social Se~ice5
1'= trying to fine a place to stay until I car.
f~r.c wo~k a~d help ~sel:. I've beer. vo~king and
paying taxes
fOT eighteer. years and now I need a
l~:~le he:?_
A!:e= wa~tir.g a~most th~ee and a half hours
they callec my name and I got in to talk to a
scree~e~. 70day is Tuesday and she told me it would
be a: least Friday before I could get a housing
.
.
vouche=.
! dor.'~ know whe=e I'm going to stay at night
until ther.. The scree~e~ asked me where I live and
I hac nothing to say.
Cha~ces are ~hat I'll enc up sleeping on the
beach for the next three nights. It is cola and wet
out there. ! have no blankets and nowhere else I
ca~ think that's any better.
10
1
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..
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
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20
21
22 [
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24
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26
27
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(
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'Or
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{~
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~
j
/
individuals in ~~ediate
The County also prevents homeless
need from obtaining temporary shelter by tmposition of its
identification requirement. The resulting delay to the recelpt
of otherwise available housing may be weeks or even months as
the sixteen (16) declarations of additional recently homeless
Co~ty reside~~s reveal. 1/ The follow~ng narratives
(exce~~ec as above) are representative for these ind:vic~als'
ROSEY~,Y ca~~Y
I ~ ~e~ty-e~gh: yea~s old. I have no
adc~ess.
AP?=oxicate1y six weeks ago ! arrivec in Los
Ar.geles .fro~ west Me=phis. Arkansas. I came to th~s
city to make a better life for myself.
I a~ skillee in dooestic and office work as
ve:: as sa:es. The co~?any ! wo=ked for in Arkansas
~e~t bank~?t an~ I lost my job as a result.
Afte~ that ! decided the best thing to do was
tak~ on oee jobs, domestic work. save tha: money anc
co~e to a place with lower unem?loyce~t as soon 4S I
co~lc.
o~ the .ay f=o= Arkar.sas to Ca:~forn~a, ~y
11
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L
I
1
2
3
luggage was s~olen ~ogether with most of my savings.
my jewelry. and all of my iden~ification papers.
including my birth cert~ficate and B check-cashing
I.D. Also stolen were all the references 1 brought
with me from my former e~loyers to help me find a
job once I a~ivec.
4
5
6
~
7
8
I 5pen~ the money I hac with me on hote~s,
inc:uci~g ~~e Caesar anc ~he Ha~a=c. bu: tba: ra~
9
10
11
12
13
o~t ove= a week age.
Since then I've been staying anywhere I coulee
Mostly I've scayec in the park on Alvarado and
W~~sh~=e. 1 t~~ to stay in the ~dc:e sectioc on
the ben~h. The=e's a petc with ducks there and a
14
restaur~~ on the corner.
~
16
V
18
19
~
This is the best place in the park I could
find. The lights froe the street and that
restau=ant make it we~l lit up.
21
~
~
My boyfriend froe Arkansas came with me for the
sece reasor. (to fine a job anc make a better life).
we take turns sleeping all night long in that park.
He watches over me while I sleep; 1 watch eve: h~
wh~:e he sleeps.
One night it ra~nec all night long. We got
soaked. I'm still vearing those clothes today.
On Monday, December 5. 1983. I vent to the DPSS
office on 4th Place to apply for housing. I had no
24
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27
28
ider.tification papers with me.
They asked me for proof of my identificatioD.
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3
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8
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9
10
11
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12
13
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15
16
17
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1B
19
20
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21
22
. 23
24
2S
t 26
27
28
. ~
,
,
I tolc them I bad been robbed and had no I.D. To
prove this to the~ I showed them my Greyhound bus
ticket and ~he cla~ papers I got from the bus
company after I reported the theft.
They just looked at me and told me there vas
nothing they could do until I had some proof of who I
'"
~as. They ther. askec me if I hac an~ friencs or
re:a:ives he~e who co~:c p~~ ce
,...,....
'Wt- .
I said no b1.Jt
they st~ll tu=nec me a~ay . .
I: I hac a place to stay 1 co~ld showe~, put pn
clea~ c:o:~es a~c ~ke myself pTese~:able to an
e~?leye::.
~~c wc~:c ever th~nk I hac sales experience
look~ng l~ke t~e way I de no~~
~) ne~~es a~e shet. I'm aware of people
lDCY.:~g a~ me as : wa:~ do~~ the st~eets. ! feel
like pu,,:::.ng s sign or. r.y back saying "I a::
somebody. I have soce clothesU . . . .
GARY CO:'E?-'"_':'.S
I have no seeress. I ac fro~ Orlando, Florida.
Abo~: a mc~:h ago I came to Los Angeles on tbe
tra~r.. w~e~ I ar~iveci, all my luggage was stole~ at
the t=air. sta:ion, inclucing my identificatior..
. . .
I begar. to sleep in a park. I didn't have a
blanket or a cardboard box for warmth. It was
cole. .
On Tuesday, December 6, 1983 I came to the
13
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2
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..
5
6
7
S
9
10
11
12
13
1.4
15
lc
17
IS
19
20
21 i
22
23
204
25
26
'27
28
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.
II
t'
if
relief office located at 4th Place, Los Angeles,
California at 8;00 a.m. .
At about 1;45 p.m. I saw an eligibility worker.
She tole me 1 couldn't get a voucher because I
di~~rt have any identification. I told her my
luggage anc ide~tification bad been sto~n and sbe
sa~d she was sorry but those were tbe rules.
Th~s ~s the fl~st ~ice 1 bave ever been witho~t
a ho~e. It's very lone1y and 1': very afraid. I
us~a:ly J1;st walk the streets until I get sleepy. ;. I
a~ a==a~d that I'll ge~ robbec again. I have triec
i
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J
I
,
i
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I
I
,
to s:ee~ at the missions but they are always
fl.:.ll ~ . _. .
! cace back to the relier office today to see
i: they could give me a vouche= for a ho~el room. 1
st~:l oo1.'t have ar.y identification but I thought
I'd g~ve it a try.
Today they tole me to write to Florida and get
my b~rtb certi~icate. I was again refused a
vou::he=.
J~ ADAY.5
I ~ fro~ Georgia originally and I've lived in
Los Angeles since 196:. I wo~ked at Todd Shipyard
in Sar. Ped=o until 1 had a heart attack a year anc a
half ago. I was under a docto='s care and couldn't
work for that time. I could work now that I'm
feeling better. although I keep nitroglycerin just in
14
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/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
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19 ~
~
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23 1
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27
28
i
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case. . .
I've looked for a job here for a year. MyoId
e=ployer isn't hiring. In fact, they're laying
people off. I don't have much education anyhow 80 I
couldn't find anything.
1 lost all my things vhen I got rolled one
~
nig~t. They took eve~thing 1 had -- my satchel with
a:: my clothes ir. it ani ~y pe~sonal things, ~y
shav~ng gea=. They took my pants and even my boots.
They took a:1 my identification, too.
~
1 came to DPSS on Friday, December 8, 1963 to
ge: a vouche~ fc~ a place to stay. I came in wher.
t~e office opened and filled out the form ane waitec
2 hours for someone to see me at window #5. But
they tole me tbat without any ID they couldn't help
~e, so I we~t ~o the mission. The people at the
~is5ion told me to go back on Monday and try again.
I hanced o~t handbills at the mission which gave me
enough to eat.
I co~ldr.'t ge: into the mission so I slept in a
carcbca~d box in the parking lot on Hill Street
be~een 5t~ anc 4th 5tree~s. I stayed there all
weekend. I usually stay in the pa~king lot b~t
sometimes whe~ it rains or gets too cold and 1 bave a
little money I go to the all night movies to scay
there.
I came back here this morning to try to get a
voucher again. But without ID you can't get a
15
.
,
j
5
~
~
~
voucher for a place to stay. They have vouchers for
ID too but they cost $6.00 and I don't have any
money.
The pa~king lots are the safest place to stay.
I've hea~~ 10:5 of stories about what happens to
.
6 I peoF:e. I sleep in the lot with a fe~ other mer. to
stay sa:e=. I do~'t have anyth~ng for anyone to
7
8
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.
.
.
.
take ary mere.
16
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HPFH~[oIX U
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t:x::l
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.
.
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.
APPEN['!X VI
.
.
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.
e.
.
.
TABLE I
.
Total Arre~t Trends 1973-1982
4)458 Agenc~e~) 1982 Est Fop 122)241,000
.
1973 1982 %Chanqe
Dt"un~-er;es= 1)045)143 731)701 -30':t
D15c.rder 1\, Conduct 352,149 380,324 ot- 51,
lJa?r a nc:~' 29,137 19}412 -3~ 4~
D T' I 53"",44; 777)600 ot-44 7~
u
.
Si:'~JF.':-E:.
Federal Eureau of Investlgatlon)
Un1fcr~ Cr1rne ReForts) 1982) p 170
.
TABLE II
.
Tctal Arrest Trends 1978-1982
.... ccq
/)-.-iJ....
Age~cles, 198~ Est
Pop
158)051)000
.
.
1978 1982 % Change
Drunkene5s 967)874 920 )344 - 4 9%
D15orderl,) Conduct 420,605 455,78E. ot- 8 4%
Vagrancy 23)802 22,729 - 4 5%
D U I 938,647 1)203,789 ot-28 2~
.
SOURCE
Federal Bureau of Investlgatlon)
Unlforrn Cr~me Reports) 1982, p 172
.
-
-
.
TABLE III
.
1982 Arrest) Number and Rate) Populat~on Group
For Group III C~tle5 wlth Populatlon Between
50)000-99)999 (Stat15tlcs from 264 Cltle5)
Compared wlth Natlonal Rate.
.
Natlonal
Grou~ III Cltl~5
Drunke-neS5
1)034)527 (Total
Arrests)
106)64E.
.
R-3.1e
55:L 2*
-- ,- ........
.:10/
Dlscrderly Co~duct
7bo.t)324
60)315
.
Fate
408 0
0-3.';; r a..,~ ';,l
32)158
2)325
.
Fi'.l.1e
17 2
12 8
D U I
1)4C14)6~6
115)950
.
~ate
749 8
6~- ~
.:at L
*Hrre~t~ per 100)000
.
Natlonal Flgures for 9)832 Agencles) Fopulatlon
18"7)34S)OOO
SOURCE
Federal Bureau of Investlgatlon)
Unlform Crlme Reports) 1932) p 169
.
.
.
.
TRBLE IlJ
.
Sur bur ban Area Arrest Trends
3)856 Agenc~e$) Est, Pop 62)343)000
lJagrancy lJagrancy fJagranc)J
tAll Ages) (T,Jnder J.8) (O'Jer 18 "1
.
1981 4)67c; 1)379 3)237
1982 4}420 1)202 3}218
.
% ['1 f fer e ne e -5 5..... -12 8% -2 4':t
Dlsorjerl:' Dlsorderl')l D 1 So 0 r de r 1 :J
Conduct Condl;ct Concl~ct
. lPll Ages; IUnder 18 J ( O'v'e r 1 a I
19S1 141)616 30)964 110)652
19E::: I3S)E21 2E,813 111}005
.
~ Dl.fferer.ce -1,31. -6 9% +0 3~
Drunkenes5 Drunkeness Drunk:eness
(All Ages) (Under 18) (Over lS'
.
19'~ 1 237)357 Il}lOl 226)256
"..P, 237)13E 10,38b 226;752
1___
. ~ Dl.ffe~enr:e -0 1% -6 4% +0 2%
.
.
.
.
.
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...
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.
APPENDIX UII
.
.
.
.
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.
.
MEMORANDUM
.
DATE:
November 26, 1984
TO:
Santa Monica Police Department
::-
FROM:
Robert H. Hyers, City Attorney
.
SUBJECT:
City ~ttorney Prosecution Policies with
Respect to ~lcoholic PUblic Inebriates,
Homeless. and Indlgents
.
The purpose of this memorandum is to
polIcIes of the City Attorney's office with
prosecution of crImInal offenses by public
homeless. and destitute indIViduals.
clarIfy the
respect to
inebriates,
.
Current prosecution policies
office have been formulated In the
considerations:
of the City Attorney's
context of the followIng
1. Homelessness 1S a national problem.
.
2.
inebriation
Amellorat.lon
SignIfIcant
prosecutIon
Alcoholism manifested in the form of public
IS a nationalJ stateJ and muniCipal problem
or deterrence of these problems In any
way will not be engendered by increased
.
3. Criminal cpnduct and not mere status is the only
legItimate baSIS for lawful arrest and prosecution. The fact
that a person IS poor. alcoholic, a nonconformist in dress or
attitude, an idler or loiterer, or smelly and unsightly may be
reprehensIble to certain segments of the community.
Reprehenslbility, however, Is not synonymous with crimInality.
.
4. Penal Code
person actually be
thlS section makes
conduct short of
prosecutions under
used threats, force
647(c) requires as an element that the
"accosted." Judicial interpretation of
permissible or noncriminal a range of
accosting. The City Attorney will file
this Section only when the individual has
or other offensive conduct.
.
S. SleepIng in one's 9wn vehicle or with the permlsslon
of the owner 1s not a violation of Penal Code Section 647(1).
.
6. Absent extraordinary circumstances, the City
~ttorney will not prosecute persons for sleeping in parks or
other public areas. The County of Los Angeles, according to a
recent study by the United States Department of Housing and
1
.
.
.
Urban Development~ has the largest homeless population In the
United States, estimated at more than 30,000 persons. Since
the .e shelters in the county can only house 2,417 persons
daily, tens of thousands of people are sleeping in public
places on a daily basis out of necessity
.
It should be remembered that panhandling and-sleeping in
public accessible places are Incidental to homelessness. If
people do not have income or places to sleep, they are forced
to survive by any means possible. Slnce society currently
does not provide adequate support mechanisms for people in
neeo, these individuals are required to survive on the
streets PunIshment for such conduct is clearly
inap~roprlate.
.
Numerous studIes lndlcate that llvlng on the streets lS
dIsablIng. As one noted expert in the field indicated:
.
Life on the streets is itself
dIsabllng. . [A]iter one or two
weeks on the streets, [the homeless]
have deterlorated noticeably. They
frequently lose whatever ambltion they
came WIth. TheIr dally activitIes
become focused exclusively on day to
day surVIval. The future becomes a
lost concept. (TestImony of Mathew
Lyons, EIsenheIm v. Board of
Superv2sors of the County of ~os
Anqeles1 et al.)
.
.
It lS not SUrprISIng that some of the CIty'S homeless
populatIon may engage in conduct that it detrimental to the
property or well beIng of other indIviduals. In such
SItuations, prosecution lS clearly appropriate as the only
sOCIetal mechanism currently avallable to deal with the
problem. However, it is incumbent upon the Police Department
ln its reports to indlcate in detail the nature of such
conduct. Thorough police reports are required both for
purposes of ensuring a prosecution by the City Attorney's
office, but more importantly to ensure that appropriate jall
sentences may be imposed against those individuals who are
interferIng WIth the rights of others.
.
.
The follOWIng cases will illustrate our filing policies
in actIon:
.
APPENDIX _1. Tony Clayton was prosecuted for Penal Code
Section 647(c}. The report indicates clearly Mr. Clayton's
inapproprIate conduct with respect to other citizens. (Even
thIS report could have been more thorough by obtaining the
name and statements from individuals from whom food was taken
in which event a theft charge would also have been added.)
Even though thIS is one of the few Penal Code Section 647{c}
2
~
.
.
cases that we have filed, and
the conduct was pointed out
Clayton was sentenced to only 5
for time served.
.
APPENDIX 2.
since information
request for money.
RM.rcprosec
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
even though the seriousness of
to the sentencing judge, Mr.
days 1n jail with 1 day credit
This case was rejected for~prosecution
provided indicates nothing other than a
3
~.
.
.
.
APPENDIX 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
. ~ .. DETECTJVE
". ...0 f
'-... ' -
"', .
C1JHO J~P;I"'Gt,)O
t 7089
~ES'fEE 5 "'''-IoIE lLAST FIRS IoII~O.[.
~~'TOH, TONY
IrfRA HS .....'
;;;,.;~ I~~RN l;~u
"~THP""CE
1~"!~~T~t~ '. it.
......
"HPO
VEH ....e "'0
~VI .
i.oc...." 0" Of AAA~S'
( .-~ (~
SANTA MONICA POLICE DEPARTMENT . fCPINO
ARREST & BOOKING REPORT
r;;5t'l rRNO I ~ JAIL CUSTODY RECORD ~
TECH
lOll tfO
8"-26062-01
TRANS
Clly
SE'
, .
M
26
3 MOS
NOT
t;~~ rE~G;~ r'~~:T6_S8
..."... NICIl....."'[
M,GE
.
I ,
11-12-8" 2015
D~ .le ...e
tlV t.W
2035
L.OC &1<."
- .-
S INCLE ~
- " '.
"'1' - ".
NONE -k~ '
~~. " ~;~.
. :....
~ .. -
oW
DA T[ :TIME ""''''ESTEO
TIlliE BOOKEO
~ . f. .....
t?R~EO .IROAO~ "
.'61.'- (C) PC
W...,qR...,. is
J-~ Y.
;'TM ';' . 1~1'i"'G" DAlE ITIME ICOi.lI>T
r2~~6~336 I06;E:'AU~_'S~~~;~SCHE
DoIp..o,P. ",'1'" OR r>.RS~" 5 N"''''~ c'~ .. p,..,o... "':' :
ilUNEMPL
Q..OT... .~:, "".01:1'".. ...........
.&niT ILU STR" PE SHT, 'LU CORDS. eRN IMlm SHOES
-ulCAT.O" ..."p !:lEseI'! P7/0":;)~ "EH,C.E
rNV'
S H JA Il
tOTAL 5..... "
500.00
- .-!
-. '..::- ~....-
-(. '..
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tiAOPHiT'r OEPOSITED '''' PROPER,",\, ROO'"
_~..' EVI~~::E" SA~iJtEEPlNG I CIS" ~; <<> ~
PRO"'E';''')' Of"OS'TED''''J''''L$.&~E -.
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PROPERTY DE POS,TED I" JAIL. SAFE
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aoo""NG EMPL.OYEE
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SlJPER....'SOFlAP~O....,NG -,
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PETf<lL.$ OF ..flREST IINCl.UOE ELEMENTS OF CHA.RGE;, .'. - _....;. ')0>' -.' <";'-1' ...,:<.....:y. ;-:\ j..... ._)..:'~'~;..::'" ..:.~,.:.. ..-'c. _ ,_"'::>~:f'.:
. AITute. found I,., PUbh~ p"~1' C1es.~"bed abOve unde' the Infl...~; 01 -......:- ":.. ..~; · . ~.. _. " ..~ &.... _ -..- - -. ~'. ...., ...-_ ~ ~:.' '_ - ':~_ -:.... =_.....:...::::::
B ArreslH 1Jf'I&t).e \0 UI"t 10' DWr ""'y - 0 AT'.slee unable \0 ~.e'or uf.ly Of others - -.. ._~.,.~ .;-'::- - -.-:. i..lJ: ) -i f- -;. -...: 1,.:'..:" "t:~~-:' .
_ . "rrestH i'll.rf." ..11' 01 Obstrue'! OIll'.~nls the fret us. Of 0 STFlEET 0 S10EW....I,.f( 0 NBI,.IC WAY H":; . ~'. ..-.. ,.; .' ~ - "l' -~ ..",-....:, '.i'rJ#~--~ --
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SANTA MONICA POLICE DEPARTMENT
CRtME REPORT 11-13-84
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· t SEE ARREST JU,PORT
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.t>AIl~~~~L.\~t.. .
2CC: CITY PROS.
cc: CCAP
.
CC: SGT. CONGER
I SupervIsor ApprovIng
In'
Ser,al Nol Officer ReportIng'''
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APPENDIX 2
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5
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t'i;:~j~~fj~jJ ;r;;J;.fj-g;:J" 11~r~;;;;q
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~~, ~(~ ~~~:~~~'i-.",::~~.. E::?~;.:'E~ tool,. 1000 AM
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11:'".) iIt!~. 1~1I
III InUIl 1111
COURT COpy
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APPENDIX !JIll
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P~OSECUTION SUMMARY
.
(January 1, 1984 - November 15; 1984)
Penal Code SectIon 602(J) - Tre5paS5 Involvlnc In1uru
or Interference Wlth Property RIghts.
.
GUIlty Pleas
No Complalnt FlIed
DIsmIssed
lGUllt~l Pleas to
Lessor Included
0ffense or ~elated
Offensesl
.
19
13
5
15
Fellel '':;ode Se':t IOn 682 (1) - rjccupanc'::,l of Real PrOD~rt\)
cr Structure! WIthout Con5e~t
.
GUllt~, Pleas
he Compla::.rt FlIed
II 1 :, m 1 s Eo e :1
4
10
5
fene: COde S~ctlO~ t02'~' - Refusal to Leave Frlva~e
pro~ler~ :'
.
GUllt~ Pleas 5
No Compla::.nt FlIed 1
D15~155ed 1
I:ll TTI5
re~al Co~e Se~tlun 6~2lcl - BelQl~~ or SollCItlno
.
.
GL:dt~l Plea!
N~ ComplaInt FlIed
Dlsm~ssal
r GL:.ll t ~l PIe a to
Lessor- Included
Offe~se or Related
Offense)
2
42
1
1
Pe~ai Code Se2tlon c47:f) - Influence of Dracre, In
Publ::.c Place
.
.
G'.llltv Pleas
No Co~plalnt FlIed
D15Tl'ISSed
(Glultv Pleas to
Lessor Included
.
10
11
3
.
Offenses or Related
Offen&es)
.
-.
-'
Penal Code Sect~on 64?cf' - Publ~c Inebr~at~on
No Compla~nts
.
penal Code Sect~on 647(9) and lh' - LOl~er1Pg and
ProL"l~ng
GUilty Fleas i5
No Compla~nts F~led 4
Lls~~5se~ ~
.
~e~al C~de Section 64711. - Lod91~g In U~"lcle,
B~~]d2ng or Structure Wlthou* Per~lSS10n
.
GU11ty Fleas
No Co~pla~~t F~led
IJlsPl~55al
tGtnlt}' Plea to
Le;;sor r'lcluded
O~fe~se or Related
(J f fen::. e )
.
""i
5
1
1
~anta Monica MU~lcIFal Code Section 42G2~ - Sleep1nq
In FulllC FarK and o~ Be~ch~s
.
Gr__111t.~J Fleas
N0 Complaint FlIed
Br:: rlc n LJa..- rant
C GL: ~ 1 t ~J P lea = 1. 0
Lesser lnclud~j
Offen~e~ or Related
Offenses)
.
12
20
1
1
(t-;ote Th1S sumMar,;;' doE'S not Ipclude most Q-cltatlors
Q-C~~~t1on~ ~~r drlP~l~g In pUb~1C are gener311y prosecuted
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APPENDIX IX
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A Task Force Report of the American Psychiatric
ASSoc1at1on, The Homeless Mentally Ill, Wash1ngtop,
D.C. (l984)
Chapter 1
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1
Summary and Recommendations
John A Talbott, M 0
H RIchard Lamb, M D
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A large number of d1fficulI and often seenungly overwhelmmg socw
Issues, most of which elude easy soluuons, confront us today Pnn-
clpal among them IS the widespread, senous, and mcreasmg
phenomenon of homelessness 10 Amenca, many of whose vicurns
are senously andior chrorucally mentally ill To address tlus prob-
lem, the Amencan Psydustnc Assoclauon appomted a Task Force
on the Homeless Mentally III ill 1983, reallZ1ng that wlule all cluzens
have a responsibility for the welfare of the homeless, psycluatnsts
ha\'e an addlUonal responsibility for the mentally ill among them
The recommendauons ill tlus report reflect that general obhga-
uon as cluzens to address the problems of tlus heterogeneous popu-
lauon as well as our specIfic obhgauon as psycluatrlsts to help the
large number of homeless mentally ill. Recommendauons for addl-
nonal aCllon on the part of the Amencan Psychlatnc Assoclauon
and Amencan psydllatnsts w1l1 be contained 10 a loml poslUon
paper formulated by the Assoclauon's Task Force on the Homeless
Mentally Ill, Its Comnuttee on the Chrorncally Mentally Ill, and ItS
Council on Psydllamc Services.
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Dr Talbon IS professor of psydlllltry at Cornell UruversHY MedJcaJ College and
assocIate medical chrector of the Payne WhItney Psyc!uatnc Cluuc of the }l.;ew
York HospnaJ In New York wty, be as presJdent of the Amencan Psydwllnc
Assoc1.2uon for 1984-85 Dr Lamb IS profe5sor of psyduatry at the: {Jruverslt} of
Southern Cahforma School of Med1cme 1D Los Angeles and chauperson of the
Amencan PsycbJalnC Assocliuon's Task Force on the Homele5s Mentally ill
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THE HOMELESS MENTALL V ILL
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To provIde a basIs for the recommendations below, we will begin
by snmm.aIlZlIlg the maJor pomts of thIs study of the homeless
mentally ill m Amenca Both here and in the recommendations,
the reader IS referred to mdmdual chapters for more deuuled mfor.
matlon It should be noted, however, that most of the pomts are
dIscussed 10 more than one chapter
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summary
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H omelessness lS nor a new phenomenon Large urban centers have
always attracted vagabonds, derelJcts, and hoboes, but until recently
these unfortunate md1vlduals tended to cluster m cenam areas,
often called skJd rows Today, however, we are expenenCing a new
phenomenon---one of unprecedented magrutude and complex1lY-
and hardly a secuon of the country, urban or rural~ has escaped
the ubIqUItous presence of ragged, ill, and hallucmaung human
bemgs, wandenng through our CIty streets, huddled m alleyways,
or sleepmg over vents
Tlus rapIdly grOWlDg problem of homelessness has emerged as a
major socIetal tragedy and has recently commanded 1Dcreasmg
attenuon from all segments of SOCIety, indudmg the government~
the media, and the publJc at large The ind1\'1duals affected are
now regarded as an eyesore at best and the VlCumS of a moral
scandal at worst
It now IS apparent that a substanual poruon of the homeless are
chromcally and severely mentally ill men and women who m years
past would have been long-term resIdents of state hospitals. They
now have DO place to lIve because of efforts to depopulate publ1c
hOSPItalS coupled WIth the unavailability of swtable housing and
supervIsed l1vmg arrangements m "the commUDlty~" madequate
contmwng medJcal-psycmatnc care and other supporuve services,
and poorly thought-out changes m the laws govemmg mvoluntary
treatment
Homelessness has lustoncally reflected the lDteraction between
the most vulnerable of our populauon and the scarcIty or plenty of
our resources. Those members of socIety least able to care for them-
selves have always been at greatest nsk for loss of reSIdence and
affiliauon-for example~ the never-msututional1zed a1cohol1c~ the
unemployed, and the migrant and the refugee. Today thelf ranks
are swelled by the addJuon of thousands of people suffenng from
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Summary and Recommendations
3
severe and chromc mental disorders, including malar psychooc
disorders, alcohohsm, drug abuse~ and severe persona.hty dtsorders,
who have been dJscharged or dJvened from lDSUluoons
The causes of homelessness are many and complex, aruf lhe homeless
compnse dtfferme populanons v.:t.th dlllerene needs Some of the home-
less are undormclled because they have lost thell lObs, others ~use
of the gentnficatJOn of urban areas WIthOut a concomItant replace-
ment of mexpenSlVe hOUSIng Soll others suffer from substance
abuse or severe and chromc mental dlsorder and dtsabllny Thus
each person's needs can be Jdentified only by knowmg wluch subset
of the homeless population he or she belongs to
The concepl of de:nsmutlOna/zzarton per se was nol bad The idea
that many, If not most, of the severely and chrorncally mentall~ 111
suffermg from senous Jllnesses such as sduzophrerua and mamc-
depressJOD could be cared for as well 10 commurury programs as 10
1Osutuuons, If not better, was m Itself not a bad Idea It was elm-
lca11) sound and econonucally feasible
However, the way demsutuoonal1zauon was ongmally earned
out, through the poorly planned dIscharge of thousands of mentally
111 resIdents of state hospnals Into madequately prepared or
programmaueally deficient commUDlues, was another tlung alto-
gether In addmon, as a result of the states' adnussJOn dIverSIOn
pohcJes~ mcreasmg numbers of "new" chromc:ally mentally JlllDdl~
Vlduals have never been msututlOnal1zed, and have further expanded
the homeless mentalJy ill populatJon
Vnal resources for both groups have been laCklOg They lOclude
adequate and mtegrated commumty programs for these md1vlduals.
an adequate number and range of commumty resldenual serungs,
\\-lm varymg degrees of SUpel'\'lSlOn and structure; a system of follow-
up, morutonng, and responSibility for ensurmg that sen.'lees are
prOVided to those unable to obtam them, and easy access to short-
term and long-term mpauem care when Indicated The conse-
quences of these gaps m essenuaI resources have been dIsastrous
(see chaplers 2 and 3)
An empham on homelessness per se deflects attenllon from the basIc,
undero.'"i problem of W lack of a comprehenszve SUpporl system for
the severely and ckronually mentally III As was noted above, it was
not the concept of demslltuuonaltzanon, but lIS unplementauon,
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4
THE HOMELESS MENTALLY lu
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that was flawed All services aVla~h1)le to patIents wlule they resided
m state faciliues, mcludmg the funcuon of asylum, were not avarl-
able when they returned to commumty serungs (see chapter 3). In
addIuon, m hospItals such services are prOVided under one roof,
and no such umbrella eXIsted m the commumty.
Wlule temporary housmg such as shelters may be an unportant
stopgap measure for many of the homeless memally ill, mcreasmg
the number of shelters merely postpones the day of reckonmg when
we will have to try to pro\,de all the servIces needed as well as a
system to glue them together Such a support system can be fanu.l1al
or msututJona] (that 15, prOVIded by mental health programs), or a
combmatIOn of both, but society must ensure that the system eXIsts
and IS adequate
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SOCUl)"S ambIvalence about wanl1ng the mentally zll kept out of nght,
whzle at the same l1me opponng rnvolunlary nuarceratwn, must be better
resolved When demsututJonahzation occurred, society reacted
vehemently to the presence on our cJUes' streets of the most sen-
ously and chrorucally ill patients Yet society has mcreasmgly rejected
the ldea of m,,'oluntanly comnntung such pauents to Slate hospnals
for long penods of ume Currently few states have commltment
laws that gIVe fanuly members or those responsible for treatment
easy access to prompt treatment for persons whose mental illness
has worsened or whose condmon has detenorated severely. Society
cannot conunue to have It both ways
These major pomts of the Task Force report lead to three general
statements that relate to proposed solutions to the problems of the
homeless mentally ill
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Ftrst, there ts no nngle, nmple solutwn to the problems of Jwmeless-
ness. Because of the dIfferent subpopulatlons of the homeless, the
dIfferent causes of and reasons for homelessness, and the dIfferent
needs of the various subgroups, no one solution w1l1 meet all the
needs of the homeless. Moreover, whde temporary housing, such
as shelters, IS a necessary step, It IS only a short-term solution
.
Second, soluuons must be targeted to the dlffenng popu/anons
ObVIOusly such diverse groups as the unemployed, those d1splaced
by gentnficatlon, alcohohcs and drug abusers, and the severely and
chroDlcally mentally ill have very dIfferent needs The solutJons for
those who are unemployed mclude Job assessment, placement, and
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Summary and Recommendations
5
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retrammg, for those cbsplaced by gentnficauon, an ambluous new
program of low.cost housmg, for those suffering primarily from
substance abuse and alcohol1sm, outreach sefVlces, detoXlficauon
faClhues. medtcal treaUDent, and a host of SpeC'ullm:d programs,
and for those suffenng from severe and chrome: mental Illnesses,
supervised hOUSIng. medical and psyc:luatflc care, aggressive case
management and follow-up, and a mulupl1cl1y of other services
Lastly, rhe recommendatwns thai follov.' wd/ deal aniy UJf.th the mentally
III homeless, the group with which this report deals, not with the
homeless In general To come to gnps With the problems of the
homeless mentally Ill, we must address both short- and long-term
Issues simultaneously ~ thus the recommendatIOns suggest both
unmedlate and long-range acuons Whlle other advocates and agen.
CJes WJJl address the problems of other groups of homeless Amer-
Icans, and some oftherr proposals Will apply to the enure populauon
of the homeless. we will confine our recommendatIons spec1fically
to the homeless men tall y 111
The recommendatlons thar foUow are proposed as optuna1 solu-
nons that all concerned segments of society should work to carry
out Clearly thelf unplernenratJon, howel-'er, Will depend on SOCI-
ety's wdhngness to reallocate resources to meet thIS pressmg prob-
lem
Recommendations of the Task Force
Major Recommendation
To address the problems of the homeless menially zll tn Amenca, a
comprehenszve and Integrated system of care for lhzs vulnerable popu-
lanon of the mentally zll, tL'tth dengMled responnbzlz:y, With accaunl.
abllllY, and wllh adequau fiscal resources, must be establzshed
Derivative Recommendations
1) Any allempc w address the problems of the homeless mentally zll
must begtn With prO'lJUlons for meertng theIr basl.C needs food, slulleT,
and clo:hzng The chrorncally mentally ill have a nghl, equal to that
of other groups> to these needs bemg met.
2) An adequau number and ample range of graded, step-tL'tse, super-
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THE HOMELESS MENTAlLY ILL
6
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fJUed commu1Uty lwunng semngs must be establuhed. (See chapter 6 )
Wh11e many of the homeless may benefit from temporary housmg
such as shelters, and some small portion of the severely and chron-
ically mentally ill can graduate to mdependent hvmg, for the vast
majority neIther shelters nor mamstream low-cost housmg are
appropnate Most housmg setungs that reqUire people to mlloT1age
by themselves are beyond the capabilines of the chromcally mentally
ill Instead, there must be setungs offermg d1fferenr levels of super-
VlSlon, both more and less IntenSIve, mcludIng quarterway and
half",'ay houses, lodges and camps, board-and-care homes, satellite
hou!omg, foster or fannly care, and cnSlS or temporary hostels
3) Adequate, comprehenstve, and aaesstble psycluatnc and rehab.l-
.tanve servues musr be avadable, and muse be assernve/y provuied
through oulTeacn Str'lJues when necessary (See chapters 5, 8, and 9 )
Frrsl, there must be an adequate number of dtrect psydllltnc serv-
Ices, both on the streets and 1D the shelters when appropnate, that
provide (a) outreach contact WIth the mentally ill In the COmIDumty,
(b) psychIatnc assessment and evaluauon, (c) cnsls mterventIon,
mcludmg hospnahzatIon, Cd) mdn'lduahzed treaunent plans, (e)
psychotropIc medlcauon and other somalIC therapIes. and CD
psychosocial treaunent Second, there must be an adequate number
of rehabIlitatIve services, provIdIng socializatIon expenences, tram.
mg m the skIlls of everyday hvmg, and SOCIal rehablhtatIon Thrrd,
both treatment and rehabilitatIve services must be pro\'lded assert-
Ively-for mstance. by gomg out to pauents' hvmg serungs If they
do not or cannot come to a centrahzed program And founh, the
dIfficulty of workmg WIth some of these pauents must not be under-
esumated (see chapters 7, 9. and 11).
4) General medual assessment and eme must be avadabk (See chapter
11 ) Smce we know that the chromcally mentally ill have three
bmes the morbldH}' and mortalIty of therr COUDlerparts of the same
age m the general populatIon, and the homeless even lugher rates,
the ready avaIlabll.1ty of general medIcal care IS essenual and cntIcal.
5) Cnns servues muse be ava,lable and accesnble to bOlh the chron-
ually mentally d! homeless and the chromcally memally all an general
Too often, the homeless mentally ill who are in cnSlS are ignored
because they are presumed, as pan. of the larger homeless popu-
latIon, to reject all convenuonal forms of help Even more map-
propnately, they may be put into mpauent hospital UDlts when
rapId, specific IDlervenuons such as medIcanon or cnSlS housmg
would be more effectIve and less costly. Others, lD need of acute
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Summary and Recommendations
7
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hOSpJtl'ltmlUon, are denied It because of restncUve admission cite.
na or commItment laws. In any case, it will be c:hfficult to proVlde
adequate cnsis sen'ices to the homeless mentally ill until they are
conceptuahzed and treated separately from the large numbers of
other homeless persons
6) A system of responsthtlrty for the chronually mencally tllltvIng tn
the commumty m:at be eszabltShed, w:th the goal of ensunng that Ulll-
1Mul.Y each pallent has one person respcmst.blefor h1S or her care Clearly
the shift of psychlamc care from 1Ostltuuonal to commumty setungs
does not 10 anv way el1.rrunate the need to conunue the provision
of comprehensive services to mentally ill persons As a result, SOCI-
e~' must declare a pubhc poltcy of responslbuny for the mentally
ill who are unable to meet their own needs, governments must
deSIgnate programs m each regJOn or locale as core agencles respon-
SJb1e and accountable for the care of the chrorucally mentally III
Imng there, and the staff of these agencies must be aSSigned md1-
Vidual pauents for whom they are responsible The ulumate goal
must be to ensure that each chrOnically mentally ill person 10 tlus
country has one person-such as a case manager or resource
manager-who IS responsIble for hIs or her treatment and care.
For the more than 50 percent of the chronically dl populauon
IJVJng 3t home or for those WIth poSItive ongomg relauonsrups WIth
therr families, programs and respIte care must be proVIded to enhance
the falmly's abilIty to prOVide a suppon system Where the use of
farruly systems is not feaSible, the pauent must be lmked up With
a formal comrnunny suppon system In any case, the enure burden
of demsutlluonahzatlon must not be allowed to faU upon fanuhes
(see chapter 13)
7) Bane changes must be made an ugal and adm:mstratzve procedures
to ensure conrznumg communz~' care for the chrontcally menrally tll.
(See chapter 12 ) In the 19605 and 1970s more smngent COmmIt-
ment laws and pauents' nghts advocacy remedJed some egregIOus
abuses ill publIc hospItal care, but at the same tIme these changes
neglected pauents' nght to hIgh-qualtty comprehensive outpatient
care as well as the nghts of families and society New laws and
procedures must be developed to ensure proVlS!on of psychiatrIC
care 10 the communJty-that IS, to guarantee a nght to ueatmenr
m the commuruty
It must become easier to obtaIn conservatorslup status for outpa-
bents who are so gravely disabled aowor have such lDlpaired Judg-
ment that they cannot care for themselves 10 the community without
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THE HOMELESS MENTALLY ILL
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legally sancuoned SUpervISIon. Involuntary comnutment laws must
be made more humane to pemut prompt return to active mpa[Jenl
treatment for patients when acute exacerbauons of thell illnesses
make thell" lIves In the commurnty chaotic and unbearable. Invol-
untary treatment laws should be revIsed to allow the opuon of
outpatIent civIl COmDlltment, 10 states that already have prOVISIOns
for such treatment, mat mechanIsm should be more widely used
Fmally, advocacy efforts should be focused on the ava1labiliry of
competent care m the commuruty
8) A sysrem of coordm4ewn among funding sources and Implemen-
talton agemus muse be eseabluhed (See chapters 2, 5, and 8 ) Because
the problems of the mentally ill homeless must be addressed by
muluple publIc and pnvate authonues, coordmanon, so ladung In
the demsUtuuonahzauon process, must become a prlIDary goal The
ultImate obJectl'..e must be a true system of care rather than a loose
network of services, and an ease of commurucauon among chfferent
types of agencIes (for example, psydllatric, SOCial, vocauonal, and
housmg) as well as up and down the governmental ladder, from
local through federal. One characteristIc of a genwne system IS the
ability to fleXlbly alter roles, responslbiliues, and programs as specrlic
serVICe needs change, and th1s ultImate end must be strIven for.
9) An adequate number of profesSIonals and paraprofeSSIonals must
be rramed for commumty care of ehe chronu:ally 111. Among the adw-
nonal specIally tramed workers needed, four groups are parucularly
Important for rllls populanon (a) psycmamsts who are sk1l1ed In,
and Interested In, workmg WIth the chrorucally mentally Ill\ (b)
outreach workers who can engage the homeless mentally ill on the
streets, (c) case managers, preferably with suffiCient trammg to
prOVide therapeuuc mtervennons themselves, and Cd) conservators,
to act for pauents too dIsabled to make cl1ruca1ly and econOmIcally
sound deCisions
10) General SOCUl[ sennas must be pr01Jlded. BeSIdes the need for
spect:ll'7ed socw servICes such as SOC"Jl.117.l1uon expenences and trauung
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iReaders desmng specmcs of how to mterest psyc:bJamsts m treaung the chron-
lcal!} mentally ill and how to proVide relevant U"illJl.Ing are referred to "Encour-
agIng Psyduamsts to Work \l?nh ChroJUe Pauents Opportunities and Lmlltatlons
of Residency Educauon," by Arthur C NIl:lsen, Leonard I Stem, John A Talbon,
and others m HosfntQl and COJmftU1IUY Pryclnatry, volume 32, 1981, pages 767-
775, and "Treatment and Care of the ChrOlUCally Mentally Ill, chapter 7 m Tilt
Chrunu: Mm/JJl PalJml FIve Yean Later, edited by John A Talbon, Grune &
Stratton, I.D press for 1984
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Summary ana Recommendations
9
m the skills of everyday hving (referred to in Recommendation 3),
there IS also a preSSIng Deed for genenc SOCial services. Such services
mclude escort services to agencies and potenual resldenual place-
ments, help With apphcations to enutlement programs, and assIs-
tance m mobilizmg the resources of the fanuJy
11) Ongoing asylum and sam:tuo7)' should be avatlable for rhat small
proportIon of the chrontcally mental(v tll who do not respond to current
methods oftrearment and rehabu1latwn (See chapter 3,) Some pauents,
even With lugh-qual1ty treatment and rehabll1tauon efforts, rem am
dangerous or gravely disabled For these panents, there IS a pressmg
need for ongomg asylum m long-term setungs, whether m hospitals
or m facllmes such as Cal1forrna's locked skIlled nursmg facll1nes
that have speCIal programs for the mentally III
12\ Research Into the causes and rrealmenl of both chrOniC mental
tllness and homelessness needs to be expanded While our knowledge
has greatly advanced ill recent years (see chapters 4 and 10), It IS
sul11muted Treaunem of chrome mental Jllness remams largely
palhauye, and defirnu\'e treatment will occur only WIth an adequate
understandmg of euolog1c processes In addJtJon, our understand-
mg of dlfferenual therapeutics-that IS, what treatment works for
which patlents m what setnngs-Is In lIS mfancy and requires
mcreased resources and attenuon
13) More accurate eptdemzologlcal data need to be gathered and
analyzed Currently the research fmd1ngs of mCldence of mental
illness among homeless groups are h1ghly vanable, ranging up ro
91 percent; these dIfferences depend largely on such methodological
Issues as where the sample IS taken, whether standardIZed scales or
comparable cmena of illness are used, and theoreucal biases (see
chapters 4 and 14) Better data, usmg recogmzed dlagnosnc cntena,
need to be acquired
14) Ftnally, addllwna[ montes mUSl be expendedfor longer-term solu-
nons for the homeless mentally dl Although health and mental health
costs and fundmg m thiS country have recently Increased, the home-
less mentally ill have not been beneficlanes of tlus Increase There-
fore, adequate new momes must be found to finance the system of
care we enVlSlon, which lDcorporates supenrlsed hvmg arrange-
ments, asseruve case management, and an array of other servIces
In addmon, fmanclal support from eX!sung enutJement programs
such as Supplemental Secunty Income and MedJaud must be ensured
In summary, the soJuuons to the problems of the mentally ill
10
THE HOMELESS MENTAU y III
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homeless are as marufold as the problems they seek to remedy.
However, only wnh comprehensive short- and long-term solutions
will the plIght of thIs most neglected populauon in America be
addressed
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