SR-0 (2)
i-~e
Ie
Santa. :-1om ca, Ca 11 forn; a SeDtember 10, 1 j80
To: ~ayor and City C~~ncll
From: City Staff
S~bjec~: Effec~5 of Asbestos-Cement Pipe 1n Santa Monlca
Int~oduct1an
ThlS repor~ present~ a further study of the ~ossible effects of the use of
asbestos-cement (AC) plpe in the Santa Mon1ca water system.
8ackqround
. .
On June 10. 1980, staf~ presented an 1'lfor:raticn re~ort on asbestos-cement
pl0e to the City Councl1. On ~une 25, 1980, the Councli direc:ea staff :~
reVlew ~aterlals1 provided by the Enviror.mental Defense Fund (EDFj to ~
Councl1member Rhode~ and to further study the question of AC pi~e (Ite~ 5-C).
The parameters of t~e AC pice is~ue are set by t~o ~a~or questions: Is
~here a relatlQnsh~p between the use or asbes::s-~e~e~t pl~e and t~e ~r~S2r.ce
-
cf ,lsbes~cs fitJers ;r. :!1e '..,ater; and 15 -there :In aS3.:c~at-:on be:-{~ee'1 '11~es:2d
asbes:~s a~a 1nc~der.ces ~f cancer?
7~e :es:~~cny :re~ar~d :y :he :~vironment3' :er~~sc =~nd shows a ~e~J ::r.C2r~
~~r :~e lss~es ~t
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.....
ne
"'~!iO r--: ""'3: ~ es
:""'CU9!1. :.::.. i
:~est-ons ~~~ar~~~~
:"e
~5~ues 3~j se~~es 1$ : :1a~1e~se ~o ~at2r :u=ol~e~s :0 c~r5:3~::J eCLC1t2
:;: €"'s a lies
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-..... - ... -.,., ,.....
I a I i1........ J r
:~e ~1s~es: :~a~~:1 ~f ~a~e~ ~~r :~e1~ :~rs~~ers.
T -ne ~a:ar'ai5 lre:
3. Cover let:E~ ~~ ~s. 2hc~e~ fr~m 2ar~'l C~stl~~an, 6/19/20.
b.. - 5.1""0"Y"". '"'r ~~ca-~ H 1-/aY"~'s ar:' ~"""'/! ras~1p,man
i ~ ..... Iii r J v.j lJ . .'\.\.I .... r .". i . - t I ..... .....u. .i J.. 'W" .... ~ _... ~ 't
EnVlrOnme~~al Ceferse Fur.d, before :r.e Se~ate SUbCc~l:~=e
St~dYlng ~sbes:~s o~pes, Arlington. 1A, 9/13/80. See
~xnljlt ~
...-
~ -
,.
Tc~ Mayor and City Ccuncll
-2-
r-
.e
Se~~e~ber 10~ 1980
However~ staff believes the challanges ralsed in the ECF testi~Qny have be~n
met in Santa Monlca. Below is a dlScusslon of the varlOUS issues ~alsed in
the EDF report and how Santa Monica has or is resDondlng to them.
With regard to the questlon of whet~er the presence of asbest~s in drinklng
water 1ncreases incidences of cancer. one of the fore~ost problems encountered
was the EJF testlmony did not differentiate for the reader
bet~een air-borne (inhaled) and water-borne (ingested) asbestos. The
lnhalation of asbes~as is well recognlzed by all as a serious ac:uoatlcnal
and envdrlnmental health problem. However. the soecific health ?rablems whlcn
may be caused by jnnaled asbestos are unrelated to the oossible effects of
ingested asbestos. The knowledge we have concerning the two ~eans of inte~nal
exposure to asoestJs is qUlte distinct and seDarate. No relat1onshio ~et~een
lr.ces~ed asbestos and heal~h hazards has bee~ established.2 To mix disc~ssion
or the ~wo means of entry causes c~n7us1on and a distDrt~Gn of the analysis
surrounding the issue.
..
"
Staff's sec~nd ~Cint 1n t~e analYSIS 07 :he E:F :esti~ony ;~ :ha: ~t
Jresent3 no 51~n1;~cant stat1s:1cal :ac:s. ~u: cn1y prsvldes :he ~e~de~
- . . - h
Iii 1:.'1 ~ r.-::lr-lat: en ....n~ Ci
leacs :0 :e~5cna~ aS3~~ot~cns of ~he ~~~~~:~ of
~s:es~:s ~~Ses:ec ~r:~ ~~~n~~~c ~a:=~
:~ :~e ::~D~a!= ~e~or:~ =y L~~ar~
~. ~c~3~e ~nc ~a~es ~. ~11:2t~e ~: :~e =:~~j ::~c~es :'~1S~0~, ~ea~:'
~~.ec:s ~esear~i ~JCCr1:0ry~ ~~~, {Nn1c~ HCS :~C~2~ '~ ~he ~SF ~~S:1~O~j;~
:~e ~t~~~~e~~ ~s ~ace:
n....:~ere ~.5
. . .
a:50 eVi~erC2 :~a~ :~e
.~ceS:~8n .,-
2 Levy, a.s.. et ~j. I~vestigat'rc JQsslble e~fec~s o~ 3s:est:s 1n Cl:Y
water; SUr'lel1 T ance of ']astY'ol ntest.ina 1 cancer . nc.; c'eflce 1 n Ju 1 ut~, ",':t.
~mer'can Journal of SDlce~lo1ocv 1~3::E2-:63 (1?76~
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3
~cC3~e. ~~lanc ~. et dI ~~ajt'
-n :"r..,"..,.... "ar:>r ~"ne 'IClla
I o..J. r-.. :j ill __ , V l.i ~ ') ..J...I .
~;~eC~5 arc Or~valence
See ~..<r:l ']1:' 3..
cf ~s~es:-~s !=': :ers
:~e
'e
To: Mayor and City Councll
-3-
Septe~ber 10, 1980
asbestos is a health hazard." However. in McCabe and !~illettets research,
only a non-conclusive relationship between asbestos and cancer was found.
List of Clties and Areas in ~h;ch Oelationship bet~ee~ Asbestos
4
and !ncr~ased Cancer !ncidence was St~d1ed
Probable ~elationshl~
San FranclSCO Bay Cit~es5
No Qe1ationship
Ccnnecticut
Duluth
Minneapolis
St. Paul
Puget Sound ~eg1on
Quebec
!
(In the listing above, no distinction is mace ~etween asbestos
1n source water and asbestos leached from AC oipe.)
There 1S no eVldence lngested asbestos is ha~ful, Just as there is no
evidence to the contrary. The EDF testimony includes no conclusive test
results nor statistical analyses of the studies they cite. For instance,
test resul~s are cited which lnd~cate when lar~e amounts of chrysotlle
asbestos and talc wer~ fed ~J 32 rats, one rat develcced a gastr1C tumor.
A-
~owever, :he re~or: prcv1ces ~~e -eader ~l:h no selent-fic ccnc1us:cns or :~e
test resul:s. T~e reader t~e~ ~ust ~ake ass~mO~icns abcut the :est ~ased :n ~lS
or 'e~ cwn ;ear of C3ncer.
7~e ato~e :~O :C1n:s ~ea: ~lt, :he :uest~:n or a ~e:2:~~"Sn~J :e:~E~~ :~e
~r~se~c~ of as~es:JS
~~ ~r;~K!nC ~d:e~ ~:a:~ f~~m 1J~~r17
S;jur"~es =.nd
:~""'",.
- ,
:.~e .~a~er- s:/ste....,j =.'1d :~e ~~ar of '!nc-e~sed -;r:c~.je,.Ices :,..;'
"'~!",\,-r:;;....
'--""--
Sta":'c
~ ln~8ria::an dr=wn 7r~m ~eoor: :f ~cSace & ~'11e~:e reccr:1 ~xn'~l~ 3.
J :n3. '-enor"': recues:eo by CauncilTernber Goldway en:l::ed 'I~s:es:cs ln
Dnnklnq fJater and Cancer Incc:er,ce in :ne San i='rarcsco 8a'! Ar~3.,"
t~e C1scusslan concerrs ~at~ra11j ccc~rri~g asbesr2s ~fbers- in scur:e
water ~nd l~S effec: 0n inc~ce~ce5 or cancer. T~e ~~Dcr~ S:2tes
"S2.r~l:s '~e"'e :aiten ::efor~ anc 1f:er aassace :"r:u:::n ie'1qt~s -Jf
aSCeS~Js-ce~e~~ ~1:e. :~ 70S~ of :1e CiS:;lC:: sa~cled. :~ere ~cS
~a~ 3. su::st3n~~dl ll1c"e'!sc .., '-;:er ccur.ts 1f~er :as~aGe :l1r::.Jgh astes:::.s-
ce~er'!: D1~e.'J See ~X~,b1t s.
..~e
'e
'" ,! . To: ~aycr and C1 t:j Ccunc11
t
-ot-
~eoteMber IO~ 1980
believes this question will :e answe~d by the E?A~ the Food and DrJg
Ad~inistratlon and other research lnstituticns. In accordance with this
belief~ staff fallows all EPA requirements and recommended practices ror
water oual1ty control as well as those established by the Amerlcan Aater
Works Association. Below is a ccmmentary by staff en the issue of asbestos
ce~nt pipe and its relationship to the prese~ce af asbestos fibers in the
wate~ as discussed 1n the EDF report.
The EDF in their test1mony T1ghtly r31ses the issue of asbestos contarnlnat;on
t
due to the aggressiveness of water. However. s~aff believes the EDF report
dfsc~sses the lssue i~ terms that are teo ;ene~al. This leads the reader to
surmise most water syste~s suffer frcm aggressive water. In reality, aggressive
water is present only in a few isolated areas and not in Southern Califor~1a
or in Santa ~cnica. Aggressive water is t~e key t~ finding fi:ers In dr1nk~ng
water if the source water does not conta1~ any f~=ers. [~AC p1:e, the a5test~s
f~bers are e~capsulated by the ceme~t to provide ~elnf~r=lng in the ccnCie:e.
Hlghlj aggress1ve water can at~ack ~he pJoe~ ~reaklng down :he ccnc~e~e anc
"releasing" the asbestcs f~t:ers. ~cn-aggress1"e wate'" ~as ~e'/er srewn tt'ps
:ha~ac~er~S~1C, but ~~e ~:r re:or~ cces 10t d~SCJS5 t~e ~se Q; lC ~~:e ~n
~cn-a~g~~ss~"e ~a:~~ ~YS~2~S~ :JC~ 3S :an:J YO~~~J'3.
::3C~ S:J~~2'"1, ":~e", ~us: :e :~SC~Sj2r.: ~~ :e...-;s ~-:- ~:s Jwn ....a:er c~a~"':~-?s+.
San~J ~on~ca ~as eS~3b1~s~ed ~ ~e~in~:a ~rsgr2m :~ c~ntr:1 :1e
P".6J-"- .
(e
;e
.. ~ I f""
To: Mayor and Ci~j council
-5-
September la, 1980
a~"ressivity of the water. Although Santa Monica wel1 water lS
naturally non-aggress1ve, after softenlng it can become moderately
aggressive. To counter-balance this reaction, caustic soda (sodium
hydroxide) 15 added to malntain non-aggressiveness in accordance wlth
EPA requlrements ~~at water be non-ccrrOS1ve. !n the McCabe and Ml1let:e
report, the conclusion is reached that .lCnhe release of fibers fram
asbestos-cement pipe can be controlled by conditlon1ng the water."O
. ;
Santa Monlca ~ater Operations elimlnates the posslbility of AC plpe
fiber release through constant testlng and control or the water cnemis~ry.
The water in Santa Monica is malntained at approximately a 12.2 - 12.3
level on the Agg~SSl'1ity rnc6<--a-s derived by the Amencan ~ater l,corks
Association. (See Exhlbit D). ThlS 12.2 - 12.3 level places the water
1n the "non-aggressi'lell ca:egory and is safe fer use wit:l asbes-:os-ce'llent
p1pe. Further adjus~ent of the water suoply in Santa ~on;ca 15 ~ade ~o~
'~ha~ lS terned the .ILangl1er InCiex" so ~'1at the '1'iater in the j1str~but1on
syste~ has a very s11ght tende~cy :0 nde:osl~ out~ el€ments as opposed
:0 "taking out" eTe'1lents '-rem t!1e :l:ei~nes :r:rOl.Jgn 'Hhic..~ it t1"3'/eI5.
Sine:: Sant) 'toni.C::' I: ....a:e1" - 5 '1Gf1--:i9S""<:S$l"Ie 3.nd :Er':CS :'0 ::le!:os~:
rather t~an ercae ~a:2r~d: f~~~ :~e p1~e. ~~ =~~':ws :~at lny ls:es::s :1:ers
;:urj :~ ~~~ ~a:~~ :js:e~
-:r~se'1-r: ,".Ot.l~~ :-:= =r:m :~e SGtjr,=~ ~Ha-c~""'. i
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See al~J '::le "Iet:er rr-:m ~'1e '/lr'J~nla St~te 2e:ar:..~en1: of ~eal"':n.
ExhlfJit. :..
(-e
'-e
.. ,... r
To: Mayor and City Councl1
..6-
SePtember 10, 1980
Other ccmments by Staff on the informat1cn 1n the EDF report can be
found in the rlght..hand margln of the copy of the testi~~ny attached
as Exhibit A.
In addition to revlewlng the informatlon in the recort, staff checked
wlth the sources listed in the cover letter accompanying the EOF testlmony.
With regard to the moratorium in Connecticut, the Connecticut legislature
banned the use of AC pipe Wlth the provision that if L~e State Healtn
Offic~r stated there were no adverse heal~, effects, then AC pipe could
be used. ThlS moratorium throughout ~~e state was bas2u en one test
for fibers in one Cl~j* Moreover, t~enty-f,ve to ~~'r~y percent of t,e
water in Connecticut is fairly aggressive.
In Chesapeake, Virginia, staff sooke to Mr. Car1 Cahill) a private cit1zen
interested 1n water safety, whom Mr. Castle~an refers to 1n his let~er.
it
Chesaoeake's AggresSlvlty Index 1$ acproxlmatelj 10-11 {~ocerately
aggressive) and they use ;y~e II ~c pl~e wh,c~ 1S ces~gned fer use ~1:~
mode~ately aggress~ve ~ater. ~ water samole was :aKe~ ~n FeDruarJ, 1979.
~rcm 3 fire hyar~nt In a SWDC,V1S10n wnere ~uc~ ~evelocw.ent Has ccc~r~ina.
712se ~~f1a1":'!GrS i~s~l~eQ :~ a. ':1Jer COufi: .;.;150 .1l1~~-;an ":-~Jers
:er
"!., .,j,,~,...
1..._. +
7te :=~ :r~e~~d ~~e :est r~-~ace ~: ~~ ~dS :e~.~~ec ~nder :~e ~ors:
ccssibl~ ccnd;:~ans~
~ ~ec~rd t2$~ 1n ~Cr~~,
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i~J~.,
src'.otea
=I~ "'("1('1
wV,vuv
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~er ~i:2~ ~nd ~ ~'4;~ :2St
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:n _ece~cer~ ~f~,
-:r,~~C3.:2C. ..i:) ~~
so,~co f~cers :er ';:er
2esolte ~'e results of tne second and :~lrd tests
<
~
e
(~ e
.. -t! -l t"
To: Mayor and City Council
-7-
Seote~ber 10, 1980
(bo~i of WhlCh were very much below the EPA Suggested ~o Adverse ~es~or.se
Level), Chesapeake banned the use of AC ploe. According to Mr. Cahill,
the Council refused to believe the results of the second and third tests.
Menlo ParK is another city which banned AC pipe. According to Mr. Lorne
Mercer of the City Water DepartToent, no asbestos fibe~ counts ~ere taken,
nor did L~e City monitor eit~er the corrrosiveness (Langlier Index) or
the aggress1vity of the water. Menlo Park does monitor the pH of the
water w~ich 15 relatively high (8.0 - 9.0). ine City Council directed
that no more AC pipe be installed 1n the event ~~at a prable~ misht arise.
This is a good example of a Clty ~~at staff believes should ban )C pipe.
Menio Park ;s located in an area which has naturally aggressive water and
its water depar~ent does not maintain proper inspectlon of the qualfty
of the wa ter.
~
The City of Seattle. on the ether hand, has ~eve~ usea ~c pine. Seat:;e
gets its water f~m t~o sources: the Tolt River ~n1ch ias a pM of :.:
and an ~gsress1vi:y Index of 9 - 9.5 (highiy aggress1ve). Three or four
years ago, :he City ~f Seat:le :~steu ~C 01:E, :ut :H. c~lc~um~ a~~al~r.':J.
inn
astes:~s ~~~er 1~vels 'nC;215ed.
-1;.
II,e
E.:); 11 d ~n
3na;jsis ~r.c f:urc
::-:e Ha:~r" ::;0 ccr"':1S, Ie ::; use J.C Ji:e. 7'1€ ::~;::7~ Erl';lr.eer.;:--:g and
3Ul:~~~g :~ces ~e~9 :hen ~~V15a1 :~ :e1~:e :~e ~se :~ ~C :i:e ~1 :~~
'~a.:er s:lstern..
(-e
-
Ie
To: ~ayor and City Ccunc11
-3-
Seotember 10, 1980
Finally, staff contacted James R. Millette of the Field Studies Divislon -
Health Effects Research Laboratory - EPA in Cincinnati. Mr. Millette
indlcated that there 1S no conclusive evidence in research to determlne
whether there is or 1S not a danger from AC plpe, but he stated further
the use of AC pipe coes not cause problems unless the water system has
highly aggressive water.
Mr. MAllet:e co-authored the report on WhlCh much of the info~at1on in
the the EOF reoort was based.3 In additlon, he co-authored a paper
entitled "Asbestos Cement Pipe is No Danger in Connecticut." (See
Exhibit F.) This report was publ1shed since t~e ban on AC plpe in
Connecticut. The results of the study disc~ssed In this paper, which
was soonsored by the Natlonal Cancer rnstit~te and ~~e EPA, are:
~~
";,"here lS no ccns1stent 1naic3.tion t!'lat ~he use of Ale
pipe 1n Ccnnec~ic~t pUbl1c-water sucplies has been fol1Gwed
by lncreases 1n inclcenc~ ei:~er of all ca1cers or ~f
ind,~'dual C3ncer Sl:es st~died .... T~e lac~ of ::~e~e~t
eV1cence f~r :3nce~ ~~s~s fr~m USe of ~/C ~1De 1$ reaS$ur~ng.
..~7ne resu1:~ :~V1Ge ~o evice~ce +~r c~ang~~g :~r~=~~
wate~ dlstr1bu:~cn :01iC1cS f~r Ccnnec:~c~: ~a:e~ SUJ:ii25
~
.... ~ , .,... Ii
wecau:e or ~/~ Jlpe Jse.
7
~elgs. J. Wister, As~estos Cer.ent P1pe
~a:er ~ Sewage ~or~s. June. 1980, op.
s ~o Janser 1n CJnnec~,c~t.
:- ....... ,.......
O,06t::":'.
To: ~ayor and C1ty C -4Itl
-9-
.. .,1. l ...
Sep eer 10, 1980
On October 1, 1979. the EPA pUblished its Priority Pollutants fer Water
Quality. The Suggested No Adverse Response Level (SNARL) for asbestos fibers
in the water was set at 30Q,000 fibers per liter (F/L) or less. At the
300,000 F/L level, it is statistleal1y possible that the cancer rate may
lnerease by one person per 100,000 oopulation if the pooulatlon drank one-half
gallon water ever; day for 70 years.
Seven samples were taken at various sites in the Santa Manica water system for
analysis of the number of asbestos fibers contained therein. The analyses were
done according to the EPA interlm method far the cetermlnation of asbestos 1n
{
water and were performed at EMS Laboratories (Hawthorne), the only laboratory
tabulated results are;
in Southern California certified by the E?A to do these analyses. ihe
Sample
Numcel'"
Statistical orobaoil1ty
of Asbestcs Fibers
MFL
location
Number of Asbestos
Fiber Counted
632*
Salt ~ater at Arcadia
633
1-A'~D at Arcadi a
634
Arcadia ~eser/olr
635
Senior Rec. Center, Ceean Ave.
525
~arine and 1~~h Sa~~:er
- ~..
.... -< '
-J__/
StJnf~r~ 1nc ~er~ei=y 5aT.o:er
-~~
eOI
Sd~~ ~at2~ ~e1~ at ~eac~
* Sano1~ ~3ken 3f~er ~a~er ~as :aS3e~ :~ra~gn =~~e
P;:e. Salt ~ater 15 Jsec ,~ :~e ~a:el'" sc~:an1ng
aqgr~sslve ~atel'" 1n ~se In 5ant3 ~on'C3.
o
O.lorless
o
~ ~
O. or less -
i
o. 1 or less
.
a. 1 or less
J. 1 or less
J. . or 1 es~
J. ~ or 1 ess
"11 '"! e:s c~ c:n:~r'lUOUS ..!G
" ,
;J1ant ana ~ s :;"re Iicst
o
o
o
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The ~esults of the fiter count lndlcates tr.e 1aboratGry was net aole ~o c~unt
any ~lbers in the water samples and ccncluded Sant3 ~cnica's ~ater is at leas~
.~
~... r 1 __
ce
~ . . ~ To: \1ayor and C1 ty Caunci1
-10-
(-e
SePterr~er 10, 1980
thre~ ti~s lower in asbestos f,bers than the E?~ recommended level. 7hus,
from a water quallty stancOOlnt, AC plpe appears to perfcrTI adequately ~n Santa
~onica. Staff wl1l continue to monitor asbestos levels in the source water and
each pressure zone ever} six months and will continue to monitor the aggressl~e-
ness index on a daily basis.
For the last thirty years, the use of AC pipe for water systeMS has beccme the
standard fer the industrj (excect for a few areas wlth aggressive water).
Can c e r
incidences have decreased in the areas of the body belleved to be most vulnerable
i
to attack. The chart below lS taken from a phamohlet prepared by the ~merlcan
Cancer SOclety entitled "Cancer Facts & Figures: 1980".
It clearly shows that
stomach cancer has decreased more than 60: while ~os: other types of cancer have
remained relatively c~nstant.
Zs.Year Trends 10 Age-Adjusted Cancer Death Rates Per 100.000 PooulatJon 1950.52 to 1975.n
! ;:. - t ;~:~~::~~.; f- '~5~2- ! ~;s-;
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1 :
To:
re
~ayor and Clty Caunc11
-11-
r' -
SePte~o.lQ, 1980
~ .. [ .
~oreover, no plpe is without its pr~blems. Polyvinyl chloride pipe 15 a potent~al
source of the carcinogenic gas, vinyl chloride. !n additlon, it has been found
tnatTCE is capable of leaching into the water sUDoly from the vinyl plpe.
Testinq nas found concentrations as high as 3,500 parts per billion 10 same
water systems with this type of pipe. ~etal pipes lined with asphalt or
coal-tar have been shown to ~roduce polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons which
may be carcenogenic. The ~ost likely alternatlve to astestcs-cement pipe is
ce~nt lined ductl1e iren. However, this type of pioe is much more ex~enSlve
to purchasa and install. It differs in ccst from AC pipe by l5~ far the 12",
to 30~ for the 61t and 8" pipe, and is not as reslstant to carras, an. Aggressive
water, If it were oresent, could remove c31clum frOM the cement and cause the
water to have an excessive amountt causing a health hazard of ccmcar;ble
magnitude to that of asbestos.
Conclusion
To restate the ~ain po~nts in sta+frs prese~ta~~on:
~..
1. ~~oper use of 3stestGs-ce~e~t piDe has ~ot Jeen found to create proolems
in ~ater quality.
2. The respiratory diseases asscc;a:ed with inha1ed asbest~s are not
asscciated with inaes~ec as:es:cs.
3. ~ c~stinct~on ~ust be ~ace be:Heen is~es~~s CC:Jrr~1a ,1 sour:e ~at2~
~rd 3s~estcs ~e~c~ed :r~~ ;C J~ce.
,
"to
~~o c:~c1~s~ve ~es~ ~es~~ts ~nal=ate ~C Jl:e ~s ~ssoc~a~Ed ~1~~ lnc~~asea
~~c~~e~ce cf gas~~~~~~eS:1~al :ance~.
J.
7re ieveis o~ 1s~est~s ~~:ers ~1 San:a
f;;.r :-el'Jw ~re ~?1 ':ucaes-:ec ~~c ,~d~/er~e
'"'ani:.! ',.J~ter is,, 1 \'1~L
~es=onse ~~vel of J.3
Jr ~ es s;' 1 5
~J;:
I . _.
,
ce
~
ce
"
'l' . · ·
io: Mayor and City Councll
-12-
SeDt~~ber la, 1980
Based on the above items, staff believes that while there is no immediate
apparent danger. the situation is worthy of careful and continued mon1toring.
Therefore. staff recommends:
1. The c~ntinued use of asbestcs-ce~ent pipe in Santa Monica; and
2. Testinq for asbestos ficers every SlX months.
3. Continuance of the existing program of aggressivlty cantro1.
Prepa re~ by:
Stan Seho 11
~arsha Haf~emeyer
Ed Lash
II
~