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SR-9-A (19)LUTM:PB:SF:DM w/develap3 Cauncil Meeting: February 9, 1993 To: Mayor and City Cauncil FROM: City Staff ~~ FE~ - 9 19~3 Santa Monica, Californza :." Y ~ ~~ # ~~~ ~'!:!;~ f, t. ~ _ •~~~ ~~~ ~~ r r, rt r. 1 e r- , - i~y~ SIIBJECT: City Counci]. Review of the Commercial Developinent Standards Pragram Enviranmental Impact Report and Directian to 5taff on Recommended Development Alternatives. INTRODUCTION This report recommends that the City Council review the Commercial Development Standards Program Environmental Impact Report (EIR) and direct staff and the City Attorney's office to prepare implementing ordinances. Following the Council's direction, staff will prepare additiona~ en~ironmental analysis as may be required i~ an alternative is selected that has not been previQUsly studied, and return to Council for certificatian af the EIR, adoptian af a Statement of overriding Consideratian and adoption of amendments to the Zoning Ordinance to implement the revised commercial development standards. Specifically, Council is bezng asked to canduct a public hearing to consider the Commercial Development Standards Program EIA and the Planning Comznission and staff recommendati~ns an revised commercial development standards. Staff is recommending revised d~velopment standards for the commercial districts which maintain the existing Zoning Ordinance floor area ratios (FAR), but require the following: ~~~ ~- . --- .r~" - 1 _ ~y~~ y ~'y~~ ~~~ ~ 6~ i~ - ~' FE~ 9 i993 - For projects located in the BCD, C4, C5 and C6 districts, maintain the existing FAR, but allow a maximum of 70~ of the permitted FAR to be devoted to commercial squar~ faotage. The remainirig 30% af FAR may only be uti~ized if the space is devoted to residential uses. Under this scenario, more than 30% of a praject could be devoted to residential uses, but if a developer chose not to include any residential uses, the project could achieve up to 70% of the permitted FAR. Residentia~ uses would not be required in the commercial district, rather they w~l~ be encouraged with the additional FAR. - Far projects located in the C3 and C3C districts, maintain the existing FAR, but include housing incentives simi~ar to those praposed in the Bayside District Specific Pian. These include a provision where floor area devoted to residential uses is discounted by 50~ and building height for projects devoted primarily to residential uses is counted in terms of feet and nat number of stories. - For projects located in the C2 and M1 districts, allaw 100% of the permitted FAR to be de~oted ta commercial and industrial uses. - For large parcels, require a 25o reduction in FAR for parcels over 22,500 square feet. In relation to the C5 and M1 areas that have been the subject af the Residential Transitian (RT) proposal, staff is recommending that the Council consider options and direct staff to prepare additianal environmental analysis if needed vn a preferred option. A detailed discussion of these options is contained in the analysis of the staff recommendation. A chart indicating staff's original recommendation, the Planning Cammissi.on recommendation, staff's revised recommendatian and other options is attached (Attachment G). BACKGROUND In March 1991 the City Council adopted a work program which inc].uded the preparation of a Master Environmental Assessment (MEA~, sel.ection of a preferred traffic methodology, definition - 2 - of a"significant" traffic impact and the preparation of an Environmental Impact Report which would analyze a variaty of commercial development scenarios in order to assist the Planning Commissi.on and the City Council in determining the appropriate commercial development standards far the City. In January 1992, the City Council reviewed the propased development standards to be analyzed in a program EIR. At that time, Council directed staff ta prepare an EIR that would evaluate eight commercial development scenarios as well as three dif~erent scenarios for rezoning portions of the C5 and M~ districts to residential use. In order to comp~ete the work program for which only Council decisians are now pending, on January 19, 1993, the City Cauncil adopted an ordinance which extended the existing moratorium to June 26, 1993. In order far Council to adopt revised cammercial development standards prior to the ordinance expiration date, the tolZawing schedule is being followed: Octaber 14, 1992 Planning Commission reviewed and heard public comment on Draft EIR and initiated a resolution of intention to amend the Zoning Ordinance, Navember 11, 1992 Planning Commission public hearinq on proposed commercia~ development standards and RT zoning. December 2, 1992 Planning Commission Workshop on examples of existing building FAR's and mixed-use projects. January 13, ~.993 Planning Commission recommendation to Council on certification of the FEIR, adoption of a preferred alternative and resolution of intention to amend the Zoning Ordinance. - 3 - February 9, 1993 City Council hearing and discussion ~n proposed commercial development standards. DirectiQn t~ be given to Staff and City Attorney to prepare Zoning ordinance amendments and any necessary further enviranmenta~ document. March 2, 1993 Continued City Council discussion on (If needed) praposed commercial development standards. May 11, 1993 Final date of City Council hearing, certification of Final EIR and first reading of ordinance implementing new commercial standards. May 25, 1993 Secand reading of ordinance implementing new commercial developm~nt standards. June 24, 1993 New development standards become effective. PLANNING COMMISSION ACTION On October 14, 1992 the Planninq Comznission conducted a public hearing on the EIR and provided comments on the document to staff. At that time the Commission had general questions regarding the methodologies and assumptions used in the study and expressed concern regarding the proposed RT rezoning. In addition to the Planning Cammission camments on the RT zoning, numerous property owners and business people in the proposed RT area vaiced objections to implementation of the rezoning alternative, and stated that they have no vacate their facilities. Furthermore, the~ that creation of the RT zone would make their non-confarming uses, thereby limiting their modify, update, or repair their faci~ities disaster. immediate plans to ~ expressed concern existing businesses ability to expand, in the event of a - 4 - On November 11, 1992 the Planning Commission canducted another hearing on the commercial development standards. Many of the same concerns regarding the praposed RT zoning were reiterated by the public speakers at the hearing. That evening the Planning Commission approved a mation to recommend that the City Council reject the RT zoning. The mation was approved by a vote of 3 ta 2. The Commission also requested tl~at staff provide them with specific examples af buildings with various FAR's, so that they would have a better idea of what certain FAR's represent in terms of building density and bulk. On December 2, 1992 the Planning Commission conducted a workshop where staff presented a list of recently completed projects with FAR's ranging from approximate~y .5 to 2.5 (Attachment A}. Staff also presented a series of slides shawing these projects, along with their context in terms of surrounding buildings and neighborhoods. The presentation also included examples of mixed-use projects which have been built in the City (Attachment B) . On January 13, 1993, the Planning Commission held its final public hearing on the commercial development standards. The majority of public comment at the January meeting was again related to the proposed RT zoning district. The Commission agreed to let their previous vote rejecting the RT zoning stand. In addition, the Commission took the fo~~owing actians: - By a vote of 4 to 0, approved a motion to recommend that th~ City Council consider allowing residential uses in the M1 district subject to the approval of a Canditional Use Permit. - 5 - - By a vote of 4 to o, approved a motion to recommend that the City Council adopt the staff recommendation to require a 25% reduction in FAR for parcels over 22,500 square feet in area. However, the Commission stated that such a reduction may nat be apprapriate in all districts. - By a vote of 4 to 0, approved a motion to recommend that staff revieia the impacts of development an ~arge parcels to determine if a 50% reduction in FAR for parcels over one acre is apprapriate. - By a vote of 4 to 0, approved a motion to recommend that the City Council adopt the staff recommendation to inaintain the existing FAR's and require that a minimum af 30~ of all new buildings be devoted to residentia~ uses, with the following exceptions: - Projects under 15,000 square feet; - Hotel and motel projects; - Car dealerships; - Sing~e tenant retail uses; and - Projects located in the Civic Center Specific Plan area, the HASP area, the Bayside District, Main Street and the RVC District. - By a vote of 4 to 0, approved a motion to recommend that the City Couneil adopt a resolution af intention to implement new commercial development standards. - By a vote of 4 to O, approvad a mo~ion to recommend that the City Council certify the Commercial Development Standards Program FEIR. STAFF RECOMMENDATIONS The development standards recommended by the Planning Commission are consistent with the staff recomm~ndation at the time of the Planning Commission hearing. However, follawing Planning Commission action on the item, staff has taken into consideration comments from the public and based an subsequent analysis, modified the staff recommendation. Development Standards As previously stated, staff is recommending that thQ City Council adopt development standards which maintain the existing floor - 6 - area ratios in all of the commercial districts. However, in the BCD, C4, C5 and C6 districts, the praposed alternative would include a provisions that only 70~ of the permitted FAR may be devoted to commErcial uses. The remaining 30~ may only be utilized if that space is devoted to residential uses. If a developer were to choose not to include residential uses, the project would ba entitled to 70~ of the permitted FAR. This recommendation is based an testimony indicating difficulty with financing mixed use projects, and the suggestion that residential should be encflurage through incentives instead of required. Regarding the C4 district, staff is recommending that a11 of the C4 district b~ permitted a 1.5 FAR. Under the current standards, the C4 district is divided into several subareas, with either a 1.0 or a 1.5 FAR. This has resulted in some confusian for the public and dif~iculty in administration. With a maximum af 70~ of permitted FAR devoted ta cammercial uses, raising the existing 1.0 FAR to 1.5 will only result in a minimal amount af additional commercial square footage. For properties in the C2 and M1 districts, the staff recommendation would a~1ow 1400 of the permitted FAR to be de~oted to commercial uses. This recommendation is made in order to maintain and encourage neighborhood and light industrial uses in the City. In the case of the C2 distri.ct, residential uses would still be permitted. In additian to the above amendments to the Zoning Ordinance, staff is also recommending elimination of the site review -- 7 - concept. This concept, as identified in the Land Use and Circ~lation Element, and mentioned in the Zaning Ordinance, would have allowed additionaZ height and FAR, based on specific review criteria. Council direction in the work pragram for this report is cantrary to the concept of the added height and FAR except in so far as additional housing flpportunities and preservation of neighborhood services is concerned (as is addresses in staff's recammendations). Hence the current recommendation. Discretionary review and approval of a Development Review Permit would still occur for projects above the square footage development review thresholds identified far each dist~ict in the Zaning ~rdinance. The Development Review Permit is based on the praject square footage, and does not allow additional height or FAR in exchange for project amenities. FAR Reductians for Large Parcels The Planning Commission's recammendatian and staff's recommendation both include provisions which would require a FAR reduction for Iarge parcels. However, there has not been a consensus fln how the large lot reductions should apply. For example, should the reduction be 25~ or 5fl~ for certa~n size parcels, ar should th~ reduction be based on a sliding scale relating to an incremental percentage FAR reduction as the size of the parcel increases. The aptian cansidered by the Planning Commission and originally recommended by staff, wauld have required a 25~ reductian in FAR for parcels over 22, 500 square feet in area and a 50~ reduction for parcels over one acre (43,560 square feet). Some Planning - 8 - Commissioners and members of the public expressed concern that this option may not be appropriate in all zoning districts and that it did not adequately address parcels between 22,500 square feet and one acre. The Planning Commission made no specific recommendation regarding the one acre FAR reduction, but suggested further analysis. Staff reconsidered this approach and determined that a 25~ reduction for parcels aver 22,500 square feet sufficiently addresses the concerns related ta large parcel development. A 5a~ reduction for parcels over 1 acre appears excessive given that most one acre parcels (located in the M1 and C5 districts) currently are limited to a 1.0 FAR. Therefore, no further reduction is recommended. As an alternative to the recommendation presented by staff, the Council may also wish ta cansider an incremental percentage reduction far parcels between 22,501 and 52,5D0 square feet in area. In other words, rather than have a standard 25a reductian in FAR, the FAR would decrease by 10~ for every 7,500 square feet over 22, 500, up ta 52, 540, where the reduction would reach 5a~. Staff believes that this method may create a lack of clarity and be difficult to administer, given that parcel sizes often do not increase by exact 7500 sq.ft. increments (7500 sq.ft. is the standard lot size). Attached is a chart which indicates this recommended alternative compared to the staff recommendation (Attachment C). Tf the Cauncil wishes to pursue a reduction in FAR (beyond the 22,500 sq.ft. threshold} for large parcels, it shauld alsa identify the zoning districts which wQUld be subject to a large - 9 - parcel reduction and select a methadology that is easy to calculate and administer. In any event, staff does not believe a large parcel raductian would be appropriate in the downtown (C3 and C3C) areas, where the City has encouraged a higher density of development. However, it is appropriate in the commercial corridors that are adjacent to residential neighborhoods. Residential Transition Zone While the original staff recommendation to the Planning Commission included the creat~on of a Residential Transition (RT) zoning district, the P~anning Commission voted to reject the idea. After further cansideration of the issue based on testimony of inembers of the pubic, staff is recommending an alternative that would maintain the existing light ind~strial. base, encourage additional housing, and provide opportunities for research and deveJ.opment type uses. The recommendation includes the following: - Eliminate the C5 district, except in areas where projects have been approved or built (i.e. Water Garden, Colorado Place, the Arboretum and Lantana Center). - Rezone areas indicated on ths attached map (Attachment D) for multi-family housing only. - Create a new M1/R&D district for the remaining C5 and M1 parcels in the RT-area (other than those parcels above}. The new zane would allow light manufacturing, research and development uses, and a higher percentage of allowable affice space (30-40~) than currently allowed in the M1 district where such office space is related to other permitted uses in tha zone. - Create a housing overlay zone as indicated on the attached map. The overlay would permit multi-family residential with a CUP. - 10 - Staff's recommendation on this issue is based on several factors. First, it is generally agreed that the community does not want to encourage the type of large pro~ects allawed by the current C5 standards. Rezoning of the area ta a M1/R&D district will allow and encourage small sca~e, ~ight industrial and research and developm~nt uses. Second, rezoning of the two large parcels identif~ed on the map to a residential-only district is being recommended in light of interest being expressed to davelop the properties for residential uses. Finally, staff is recommending a housing overlay zone in order to aZ1ow the apportunity for housing on a voluntary basis. Criteria would be established to protect bath future residents and existing industrial/commercial uses from the potential incompatibility of mix~ng residential and nan residential uses in close praximity. Th~ attached map (Attachment D), shows the subject area and indicates the parcels staff is recommending for residential and M1/R&D zoning. If the Council decides to pursue the type of rezoning outlined above, or any other rezoning option, additional environmental analysis will be necessary. Tf the Cauncil direets staff to conduct additional analysis in the RT area, Council should also direct staff to prepara an interim ordinance fflr the subject area to return to the Council with the permanent ordinances implementing the revised commercial development standards for the rest of the City. Staff is recommending that the Council identify the preferred option and direct staff to conduct further analysis as necessary. OVERVIE~ OF SIR - 11 - The Commercial Development Standards Program EIR considers 11 alternative commarcial development scenarias, each of which would permit different amounts of commercial and industrial growth in the City. The EYR uses the baseline enviranmenta~ conditions as contained in the City's Master Environmental Assessment and then adds the impacts created by each zoning alternative to that base information. The result is an evaluation of the net environmental impacts above those that exist today as identified in the MEA. For purposes of this report, the analysis compares the potential impacts of each zaning alternative to one anoth~r. The alternatives propose to modify tha permitted floor area ratios as well as the mix of residential and commercial uses in the following commercial zoning districts: BCD Brfladway Commercial District C2 Neighborhood Commercial District C3 Downtown Commercial District C3C Downtown Overlay District C4 Highway Commercial District C5 Special Office Commercial District C6 Boulevard Commercial District Ml Industrial Conservation District Commercial areas of the City where develapment standards have been established or are being studied through a specific pl.an process, including the Civic Center area, Hospital District, the Bayside District, and Main Street were not included in the study area. The Pier and the RVC district were also excluded from the study area since these areas are within the Local Coastal Plan - ia - boundaries. A detailed summary of the alternatives and impacts is contained in Attachment E. In relatian to the creation of the RT district, the EIR did not cantain a detai].ed enviranmental analysis of the praposal due to its conceptual nature. As previous~y stated, if the Council decides to pursue any type of rezoning in the M1 and/ar C5 area, additional environmental analysis will be necessary. CONCLUSION Planning staff recommends that the City Counci~ implement new commercial standards which reduce the amount of a~l new commercial development by 30~ and encaurages a partion of new projects to be devated to residential uses. This recommendatian accomplishes a number of goals. First, as demonstrated by the alternatives matrix (Attachment F), the traffic impact in the year 2002 is virtually identical in each af the deveZopment standards alternatives evaluated in the EIR. Therefore, the issue which must be decided is the mix of uses for future development projects. Commercial office uses an the Westside are abundant and scarce oppartunities exist far new residential development. The recommended alternative is a housing incentive alternative. Council has stated that increasing housing opportunities in the City is a high priority. The Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA} estimate far the 1989-1994 planning period determined that 3,220 new residential units would be needed. Without implementation of so~e form af incentive or mandate, it wi11 be difficUlt to meet this gaal. - 13 - Nat only will the staff recommendatian better attain the goal of meeting the RHNA numbers, the recommendation would imprave the imbalance between jobs and housing that exists in Santa Monica. The 1.71 jobs/housing ratio projected for th~ year 2002 in the 1992 MEA cauld be reduced. According ta SCAG, a relative balance is 1.27, there~ore, the City would go towards meeting that goal. Finally, the staff recommendation also reduces the overall amount of commercial development that can occur in the City. The Citywide commercia~ development moratorium was adopted by Council in order reduce and manage commercial growth in the City. The recommended alternative accomplishes this goal by reducing permitted cammercial FAR by at least 30 percent in specific areas in the City. BUDGET~FISCAL IMPACT The recammendations provided in this report da not have a negative budget impact. The Fiscal Impact Sectian of the EIR shows that, under each of the prapased development alternatives, new commercial development results in a net fiscal benefit to the City. The model developed to determine the costs and b~nefits of commercial development assumed that the current mix of services provided by the City would continue at their current ievels. Therefore, the cost of increasing ser~ices due to additional commercial development were determined and then subtracted from the total revenue prajected. At buildout, estimated net benefits for the alternatives range from $34.52 millian for Alternative 3 to $4.35 million far Alternative 6. Alternative 3 may generate - 14 - the highest fiscal benefit to the City, but this alternative daes little to assist in increasing housing opportunities in the City. A total of 994 residential units would be provided under Alternative 3 versus over 4~000 in some of the other alternatives. In addition, of the hausing intensive alternatives, the staff alternative generates the greatest revenue whi~e still substantially reducing the amount of commercial development that can occur in the City. RECDMMENDATION Staff recommends that the City Council review the Commercial De~elopment Standards Program Enviranmental Impact Report, direct staff ta prepare implementing ordinances on the Council's preferred standards, and if necessary, direct staff ta prepare additional environmental analysis on the standards. In relation to the RT area, staff recommends that the Council approve the alternative recommended by staff and direct staff to prepare an interim ordinance and any further environmental analysis as may be required. Prepared by: Paul Berlant, Director, Land Use and Transportation Management Suzanne Frick, Planning Manager David Martin, Associate Planner ATTACHMENTS: A. List of Project FAR's B. List of Mixed Use Projects C. Large lot FAR Reduction Chart D. M1/C5 Rezoning Map E. Summary of Environmental Impacts F. Alternatives Matrix G. Recommendation Chart H. Commercial Development Standards Program Draft Environmental Impact Report _ ~~ _ w/develop3 - 16 - I1.L 1 rJ. ~~L Yl ~l Y 1 !1 NEW BIIILDING FARS 1. 1300 3r3 St. Promenade Theatre BL~G. 45,000 s.f. SITE 15,000 s.~. FA.R 3 . 0 H'F . 2 stary 2. 15q4 Wilshire Com./Of~. (currentZy under demo) 3. 1532 5th St. Com./Res. (f iles say ~635 5th) 4. I2~5 Z6th St. Med. Off. BZdg. 5. Z3~3 3rd St. PromenadE Movie Theatre (under construction) 6. 730 Arizona Ave Mixed Use "The Ravel~a" 7. I20 Broadway off.{Ratail (files say 100 Hroadway) 8. 1457 3rd St. P~omenade Qf~./Retail/Rest./Res. (Fzles say 3a9 Brdadway) 9. 1?OQ Ocean Hotel "Laew's Hotel" 10. 2425 Oly~piC Off. "Water Garden" - 1 - BLDG. Z4,286 s.f. SzTE 14,~00 s.f. FAR 2 . 4 3 HT. 4 stories 48'6" BLDG. 20,3oQ s.f.(incl. parking) SITE 8,800 s.~. FA:it 2 . 31 HT. ~ Stor~.~s 53' BLDG. ~0,~56 s.f. SITE 37,5D0 s.f. FA..~ ~ . 61 H'F. 3 stories SLDG. 32~39I. s.f. SITF 22,500 s.f. FAR ].. 44 HT. 4 stories 56' $LDG. 25,b87 s.~. S~TE ZZ.75a s.f. FAR 2.I35 (files s~y 2.1j HT. =9' BLDG. 96,945 s.f. SITE 3?,5t34 s. f. Fx~ 2 . ~ 9 HT. 3-5 stor~es $0' ~~~ BLDG. ?Y9,525 s.f. SZTE 30,Q0~ s.f. F~,R 3.98 (~iles say 3,~) iiT. 7 stories 83' BLDG. 236,140 s,~. SiTE 116,906 s.f. FAR ~.a2 HT. ~ Stoz'~es 56' BLDG. ?,2~9,000 5.f. 5ITE 74Q,9~8 s.~. FAR I. . 7 HT. b stories 84' , I1. 1 PiCO Blvd. Hote~ (under const;uction) 12. 19Z9 Santa Monzca Of~. 13. 1920 Santa Monica Hotel (~iles say z932 Santa Monica} 14. z336 Santa Monica Med Center (fi].es say 2300 5anta Monica) * Above Grade On1.y - a - East s3de West side *BLDG. 6I,434 31,539 s.f. SITE 27,593 38,765 s.f. FA.R 2. 2 3 . 81 HT. 3 stories BLDG. 41,210 5.f. SITE 22,500 s.f. FAR 1.83 {2.05 incl. parking) HT. 4 stories BLDG. 56,ZQd s.f. SITE 22,5~~ s.f. FAR 2.49 HT. 4 5~4~1~5 56' tnot incl. 7.5' steeples) SLDG. 27,827 s.f. {40~903 inel parking) SITE 26,500 s.f. FAR Z.69 (2.48 incl. parki.ng) HT. 3 5tories 40" ~~.~c.r~~~ B appropria~e percentage af office use in such situations. However, by sepaxate letter from Maurice Levin of the Goodglick Company, some data has become available. These study results shaw average office camponent to be 58~, median to be 57~, with highs and lows in their survey to be 96~ and 31~ respectively. - What are some specific examples of mixed-use projects, and how well do they work? The original staff report included a list of mixed-use projects ~ocated in the City. This list (Attachment A), is included far your reviaw. In regard to how well these projects work, the attached article (Attachment Bj, indicates the success of one mixed-use project in the City (Janss Court), and alsa discusses other mixed~use projects either recently campleted or under construction in the Southern Cal~forn~a area. - Why is ~t necessary to down aone "M" praperties over a certain number of acres, as opposed to a pracess of review when large parcels are involved? This is a policy issue that th~ Council has to dacide. The main advantage of having a standard raduction in FAR for large parcels, rather than a discretionary review process, is that a developer will know the standards and will not be subject to a discretionary or arb~trary review proeess. - Are mzxed-use developments appropriate in the C4 district? - 4 -- M1rXED I7SE PROJECTS IN Se'~.NTA MONICA 309 B~oadway Site Area: 30,000 Cammercial.: 90, 440 Residential: z8,894 percent Residential: 25~ 9Z0 Broadway Site Area: 154,000 Commercial: 11,093 Residentia~: Z6,92~ Percent Residentia3.: 6q~ I610 Braadway Site Area: '7, 500 Cammerciai: 2,361 Residential: 3,320 Percent Resident~.al: ~8~ 222~ Main Street Site Area: 5,200 CommexciaJ.: 2, 5~0 Res~dential: 3,574 Percer.t Residential: 59~ I415 6~h Streat Sa.te Area: 7,500 CommerciaZ: 4,90~ Residential: 2,780 Percent Residentia3: 3"'~ 1543 7th Street S~.ta Area: 7,5~0 Camanereia~: 5, 944 r~eszde:~t~aZ : 6 , 25 6 Perc~nt Residential.: 1541 Qcaan Avenue Site Area: 3Q,Od0 Commercial; 55,778 Residential: 9,I43 Percent Rasi.dentia~.: 14~ 311a Main Street Site Area: unknown Commercial: 26,05Z Residential: 3,000 Percent Residential: 1.0~ 15~~ 7th Street Site Area: 7,50~ CammerCi.al: 6,40Q ReSidential: 1,540 Percent Residential: ~9~ w/m? xed~ase A ~'AC~I~I~T C La rge Lot F. 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The CEQA guidelines require that an EIR analyze existing conda.tions w~.thout any changes as the "Na Project" alternative. The No Project/No Development alternative wauld hold existing development as described in the City's 1992 Master Environmental Assessment, and provide for no new commercial or industrial development. a Alternative 0. Existing Zoning Ordinance. This alternative would allow buildout of the study area under the FAR and height restrictions ot the existing Zoning Ordinance. o Alternative 1. Unde~ Alternative 1, the FAR allawed under the existing Zoning Ordinance would be reduced for large lots. The permitted FAR would gradually be decreased as the lot area increases in size. A"large lot" is defined as having over 22,5flQ square feet in area. Adda.tianal FA.R reductions wauld be made far lots over 43,560 square feet (1 acre) in the C5 zone, and lots over 87,120 square feet (2 acres} in the M1 zone. o Alternative 2. This alternative provides for the same FAR reductions as in Alternative ~, and also requires that housing be provided above the first floor in the portions of the C3 and C3C districts that are located outside of the Bayside District Specific Plan ar~a. o Alternative 3. The FAR ailowances in the existing Zoning Ordinance would be reduced by 25 percent, with additional FAR reduction for large lots over 22,500 square feet, as under Alternative 1. Additional 1.arge lot reduct~ons wou].d be made for lots over 43,560 square feet in the C5 zone and lots over 87,120 square feet in the Ml zone. o Alternative 4. This alternative requires a 25 percent reduction in allowable FAR with additional FAR reductions for large lats, as described in Alternati~e 1. In addition, 40 percent of aJ.l new cammercial FAR must be devoted to housing. o Alternativa 5. Under this alternative, a 5Q percent reduction from allowable FAR is considerEd. This alternative also incorporates an additional FAR reduction for large ~ots, as described under Alternative l. - 1 - o Alternative 6. Alternative 6 provides a 50 percent r~duction in allowabie FAR with additional FAR reductions required for large ~ots. In addition, 40 percent of ail new commercial development must be devoted to housing. o Alternative 7. This alternative permits a density bonus up to the existing Zoning ordinance standards for projects providing a public amenity. The density bonus alternative may be used as an overlay optian on any of the alternatives, except Alternative 0, which is existing zaning. The EIR does not provide a quantitative analysis of this alternative because the details, such as which amenities would qualify for density bonuses and what would be the average amount of density bonus or amenity, have not been determined at this time. o Alternatives 8~ 9~ and 10. The Residential Transitional area rezoning alternative would rezone the C5 and M1 parcels Iocated east of Twenty-sixth Street/north af Olympic Boulevard and east of S~ewart Street/north of Expositiors Baulevard (FEIR Exhibit 2-2} ta allow residential and neighborhood serving commercial uses instead of the commercial and industrial uses permitted under current zoning. The RT zone would not displace existing uses. Rather, existing uses would be permitted to remain indefinitely and RT standards for development would apply only when a parcel is redevelaped. Any of the three RT alternatives could be selected as an overlay and cambined with Alternatives 0 through 6. Redevelopment of the RT area is considered at three different deve~opment densities: Alternative 8: Rezoning to R2 development standards. This would provide 1,307 units at buildaut. Alternative 9• Alternative 1o: Rezoning to R3 development standards. This wou].d provide 1,568 units at buildout. Rezoning to R4 development standards. This wouZd provide 2,178 units at buildout. Council directed the study of an alternative that would regulate housing development according to height and floor area ratios. This alternative was not specifically identified in the EIR since the height (faur stories) and the FAR {1.25) would permit densities equivalent to Alternative 10, the R4 scenario. - 2 - All alternatives consider the same commercial land area, approximately 750 acres, and do not propase changing existing zoning designativn (i.e. C2, C3, etc.), with the exception of alternatives 8, 9, and 10, which analyze the creation of a residential transitional (RT} zone. The RT ~oning designation would allow a mix of residential with neighborhood serving commercial uses. It would require the r~zoning of approximately 50 acres af land currently zoned C5 and M~ to RT. Further, Alternative 7, which permits a density bonus when a public amenity is provided, does not set new development standards, but could be combined with another alternative as an implementation program. The EIR is intended to assist City Council in determining the appropxiate level of commercial development in Santa Monica. The environm~ntal impacts of each alternative are analyzed first at full buildout. Since the EIR assumes a constant rate of growth of 252,000 square feet per year, the full buildout year varies by alternative. Alternative 0 reaches buildout in 100 years; A~ternative 1 and 2 reach buildout in 76 years; Alternatxves 3 and 4 reach buildout in 46 years; Alternatives 5 and 6 reach buildout in 24 years. In addition, in order to understand the shart-term ~mpacts of the proposed alternatives, the EIR analyzes the impacts of each alternative in the year 2002. This analysis uses the same constant growth rate factar of 252,000 square feet per year for each alternative over the ten year period, resulting in a total ~f 2,524,OOD square feet of development within the study area, Each alternative, therefore, permxts the same amount - 3 - of growth by 2002. However, the land use mix varies between the alternat~ves due to the different FAR limitations. As part af the cumulative analysis, the FEIR does take into account development that may occur outside the specific study area. Therefore, the impacts presented under each alternative include growth from development within the study area as well as those areas that were specifically exempted such as the Civic Center, Bayside District, Main Street etc. EIR ASSUMPTIONS AND METHODOLOGY The information presented in the EYR is based on both factual data as well as a series of assumptions. The City's Land Use Survey database (May, 1991), which provides basic land use eharacteristics such as parcel size, zone designation, existing building size, existing land use, and existing FAR, was used for much of the quantitative analysis. Adjustments were made to this data base ta account for projects the 1992 MEA identified as approved or under construction. These projects are considered existing development and have been subtracted from the potential new develapment total for the City. The enviraninental analysis provides projections for future growth under each alternative. The projections under buildout shaw the maximum patential development rather than the probable commercial development. The quantitative analysis assumes total buildout on each parcel since the "average" buildout percent is difficult ta predict. Therefare, for comparison purposes, maximum potential - 4 - buildout provides a consistent basis for comparing the alternatives. Other assumptions used in the analysis include the fo~lowing: a All residential dwellings are assumed to be multi-family units with an average unit si2e of 12Qo square feet. o The growth rate of 252,000 square feet per year was based upon development trends in the City since the adoption af the Land Use and Circu~ation Element in 1984 as well as on employment projections for the City over the next ~0 years. This would accaunt for discretionary approvals and administrative approvals of small projects. o The land use mix for future development was determined according to zoning district. The mix was held constant tor each alternative to provide a consistent basis for comparison of the environmental impac~s. The mix of uses by zone was based on development trends in the City since the adoption of the Land Use and Circulation Element in 1984. o The future dev~lopment projectians are based on the new commerciaZ square faatage that could be added in the City. Existing commercial square footage is not included in the projections of either the full buildout ar 2002 scenario. o For analysis purposes, the FEIR compares Alternative 10, the most dense of the RT alternati~es, with Alternative Q, ex~sting zoning. a The projections for the RT analysis were based first on the maximum number of units permitted at the R2, R3, and R4 densities given the total amount land area in the district. These numbers were then reduced by 10 percent to accommodate neighborhood serving commercial uses. Finally, as with a~~ the alt~rnatives, dev~loped land where the existing square footage was greater than the maximum allowed was eliminated from the database as square foatage available for development. The projected impacts are not anticipated ta increase since existing commercial square footage will be converted into residential use, thereby resulting in fewer impacts. The 2002 analysis was based upon the assumption that a tatal of 2.52 million square feet of development would be constructed during the ten year period, regardiess af the development standards. The key di€ferences between the alternatives wauld be - 5 - faund in the mix of uses and intensity of use on any given site. To determine the potential amaunt af square faotage devoted to specific uses, the same methadology was used for both full buildout and 2002 scenarios. For example, at buildout under Alternative 0, r~tail uses account for 19.5 percent of new development. This parcentage was applied to the total amount ~f new square footage in the 10 year development f~gure ot 2.52 mi~lion square feet. This resulted in 491,516 square feet of retail uses in the zaa2 Alternative 0 scenario. Far the RT area, development at 2002 was based on land area. The RT area encompasses approx~mately 50 acres, 6.57 percent of the total study area. Therefore, assuraing growth is evenly distributed throughout the study area, development in the RT area would represent 6.67 p~reent of the i0 year development figure of 2.52 million square feet, or 168,000 square feet. This amount of development was then assumed to represent AlternativE 10, the most dense RT option. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS This section provides a summary of the environmental impacts resulting from the implementation of the 11 project alternatives. Tabie 1-1 in the EIR presents a compara.son matrix of the environmenta]. impacts associated with the buildout of each praject alternative. The matrix ranks Alternatives 0 through 6 by issue area to indicate the level of negative impact of the - 6 - alternative. The rank number "1" represents the alternative with the least impact for that issue area, while the number "7" represents the alternative that would have the greatest impact. For example, Alternative D, the existing zoning ordinance, has the greatest impact on traffic and is ranked number 7 in this impact area. Alternative 6, which results in the least amount of development, has the fewest traffie impaats and is ranked number 1. Alternatives 8, 9, and 10 are not ranked but are nated as to whether impacts are increased (+}, decreased (-}, or are unchanged (o). In the areas of traffic, air qua~ity, noise, electricity, and solid waste, the alternatives are ranked progressively with Alternati~e 0, the existing zoning ordinance, having the qreatest impacts and Alternative 6, which requires a 50 percent reduction in ~xisting FAR and requires that 4D percent of a~l new development be devoted to residential use, having the fewest impacts. Tn the qualitative ranking of impacts, land use issues were based upon the potential conflicts between land uses. The housing intensive aZternatives, 2, 4, and 6 have the greatest impacts. The same rankings occur in the areas of population, police, fire, and parks and recreation since these impact areas are a~so highly influenced by ~ncreases in residential us~s. The overali ranking that totals all impact areas by alternativa shows that Alternatives 5 and 6 have the fewest impacts, Alternatives 0, 1, and 2 have the greatest impacts, and Alternative 3 and 4 fall in the middle. 2002 - 7 - In the short-term, at 2002, the alternatives tend to fall into distinct groups. In the categories of land use, population, natural gas, water, sewage, police, fire, schools, and park and recreation, Alternatives 4 and 6 have the greatest impacts due to the increased residential development. Alternatives o, 1, 3, and 5 have th~ fewest impacts in those categories and Alternative 2 falls in the middle. In the areas of air quality, housing, and solid waste, Alternatives 0, l, 3, and 5 have the greatest impacts, Alternatives 4 and 6 hav~ tha fewest impacts, and Alternative 2 again falls in the midd~e. The traffic impacts generated by each of the alternatives in the year 2002 were found to be so similar that each was given the same ranking. The number of impacted intersections at both the a.m. and p.m. hours was found to be virtually identical. The overall ranking of impacts by alternative at 2002 deterntined that Alternatives 4 and 6 have the greatest impacts, Alternatives 1 and 5 have the fewest impacts, and Alternatives 4, 3, and 2 fall in the middle. LAND USE Buiidout At buildout, commercial development in the City cauld range from 25.2 million square feet of developmant under Alternative 0, the existing zoning ardinance, to 6 million square feet of development under Alternatives 5 and 6, the two most restrictive of the alternatives analyzed. Alternatives 1 and 2 would permit appraximately ~9.1 million square feet of development and Alternatives 3 and 4 would allow approximately 11.7 million square feet of develapment. - 8 - In addition, the mix of land uses wauld vary according to alternative. As shown in Table 4-4 of the Draft EIR, Alternatives 0 and 1 result in the greatest amount of commercial develop~ent at 22.6 and 17.1 million square feet, respectively. Alternative 2, while allowing approximateiy the same amount of total development as Alternative ~, would have a smaZler commerciai buildaut of 13.4 million square feet. This is due to the requirement that housing be pronided above the first floor in the C3 and C3C zoning districts located outside of the Bayside District Specif~c Plan area. As a result, Alternative 2 has the potential to generate 4,792 housing units, more units than any alternative withaut the RT overlay. Alternatives 3 and 4 and Alternatives 5 and 6 are paired in terms of the tatal amount of development potential. However, the mix of uses differ, with Alternatives 4 and 6 creating the potential for substantially mare residential units. Alternative 3, while having the patential ta generate almost 1,000 residential units, alsa has a potential commercial buildaut of 10.4 raillian square feet. This contrasts sharply with the commercial develapment potential of Alternative 4{5.3 million square feet}, Alternative 5(5.3 million square feet, and Alternative 6(3.2 million square feet) . The RT alternatives present the opportunity to increase the potential number of residential units in the City by decreasing the amount of potential office and industria~ development. For analysis purposes, the EIR compares Alternative 10, the mast dense of the RT options, with Alternative 0, existing zoning. As - 9 - shown in Table 4-5 in the DEIR, under Aiternative 10, the totai potential development in the RT area increases to 1.9 million square feet as opposed to a buildout of 1.2 million square feet under existing zoning. Howaver, since residential uses compos~ 90 percent of the Alternative 1p square footage, the impacts wauld differ. Alternative 10 was not found to generate greater land use intens~ty or compatibility impacts than thase associated with Alternative 0, Since existing residential uses border the RT on the northeast and sauth of the parc~ls alang Expasition Baulevard, the land use mix permitted under Alternative 1o would be consistent with compatible uses. 2002 Based on a growth rate of 2.52 million square feet in 10 years, each alternative wauld permit the same amount of development within the study area by the year 2002. However, as shawn in table 4-6, the land use mix varies. The land use amounts generally fall into graups, with Alternatives 0,1,3 and 5 grouped together and 4 and 6 grouped together. Alternatives 4 and 6 permit the greatest number of residential units, with a total of 969 and 971 units, respectively. Alternatives 0, 1, 3, and 5 would a~low between 212 and 218 units, while Alternative 2 wauld provide 630 units. Similarly, office development under Alternative 0, 1~ 3, and 5 ranges from 1.3 to 1.~ millian square feet, while under Alternatives 4 and 6 office development would reach 837,153 square feet and 847,603 square feet, respectiveZy. At 2002, Alternative 10, the most dense of the RT alternatives, wauld perm~t a tota]. o~ 168, ~~0 square feet of new development. - 10 - This is, essentially, the same amaunt of de~elopment that would be permitted in the ar~a under Alternative 0. However, the mix of uses differ substantially. Under A~ternative 0, office and warehouse/manufacturing development would represent 77 percent of th~ total potential development in the area. These uses would not be permitted undEr Alternative ~0 in the C5 and M1 areas. Conversely, 90 percent of the dev~lopment generated under Alternative i0 in the C5 and M1 areas would be devoted to residential use. only 10 percent of new development is assumed to be residential under Alternati~e 0. TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION The estimated total trips caused by buildout af the alternatives would range fr~m a low of approxi~ately 8,40D P.M. peak hour trips for Alternative 6 to a high of 44,583 P.M. peak hour trips for Alternative 0. As shQwn in Table 4-9, the total number of trips decreases pragressively from Alternative 0 to Alternative 5. In addition, the analysis projects that Alternative 1o would generate fawer P.M. peak hour trips than Alternative 0(44,511 trips versus 44,683 trips). ^istribution of these trips throughaut the 154 study intersections resu~ted in a number of significantly impacted intersections. Alternatives p and 10 would significantly impact 110 intersection at the a.m. peak hour and 135 in~ersections at the p.m. peak hour. Alternative 1 would have similar impacts with 107 and 133 impacted intex-sections at the a.m. and p.m. peak hours, respectively. The fewest number of significantly impacted - 11 - intersection would occur under Alternative 6, with 51 a.m. peak hour and 94 p.m. peak hour intersections. The analysis assumes a worst case scenaria and does nat provide for individual praject mitigation measures. Further, the analysis uses the HCM methodoiogy and definition af significant impact which, as shown in the 1992 MEA, tends to state a worst use scenario. 2002 At 2402, the number of new p.m, peak hour trips would range from a low of 3,323 trips under Alternative 4 to a high of 4,577 p.m. peak hour trips under Alternative 5. Alternatives 0, 1, 3, and 5 have p.m. peak hour trips ranging from 4,470 to 4,577. Alternatives 4 and 6 show almost identical peak hour trip numbers af 3,323 and 3,328, respectively. Alternative 2 would r~main between these two groups, generating 3,776 p.m. peak hour trips. Signif~cantly impacted intersections, however, do not vary ~ueh between alternatives in the year 2002. Future development in 2002 would sign~ficantly impact from between a Iow af 36 (Alternative 4y ta a high of 42 (Alternatives 1 and 3) intersections in the a.m. peak hours. The alternatives that provide greater amounts of residential development, Alt~rnatives 2, 4, and 6, would result in 40, 36, and 38 impacted intersections at the a.m. peak hour. Alternatives 0, 1, 3, 5, and ~0 would result in from 40 to 42 significantly impacted a.m. peak hour intersections. In the p.m. peak hours, each of the alternatives wauld have virtually the same number of significantly impacted intersections, ranging fram 80 to 81 _ 12 .. intersections. As with the buildout analysis, all impacts are presented without cansideration of indi~idual project mitigation measures. Althaugh spscific mitigation measures are not ident~fied since it is difficult to project where development proj~cts will be lacated, the EIR, recommends that traffic mitigation occur through compliance with the farthcoming traffic impact fee program for new development. If adopted, this fee will fund mitigation to off-set traffic impacts resulting from new develapment. A nexus study is currently underway to pravide for implementation of the impact fee. AIR QUALITY Air quality impacts resulting fram the proposed development alternatives would be caused primarily by automobile emissions. Stationary emissions from utilit}~ sources would also contribu~e to air quality impacts. In general, automobile emissions decline from A].ternative 0 to Alternative 6, as shown in Table 4-29. Stationary emissians also decline progressively from Alternative 0 to Alternative 6. 2002 As with the lauildout analysis, automobile and utility emissions wouJ.d be the primary sources of air pollutants in 2002. Alternatives 0, 1, 3, and 5 wauld generate the greatest amount of automobile and stationary emissa.ons. The alternatives that -- 13 - emphasize residential uses, particu~arly Alternatives 4 and 6, would result in the fewest em~ssians. NOTSE Since traf€ic volumes are greatest under Alternat~ve 0, future naise ievels under ~his alternative represent the worst case scenario far all the development alternatives. Build out of Alternative ~ would increase noise levels on a~l arterials in the City. These noise impacts may be significant since, without mitigation, existing commercial uses would be subject to an exterior noise level of 65 Ldn or higher. This is above 60 LDN wh~ch is identified as the maximum acceptable level. Other roadways would face similar increases, potentially impacting adjacent residential neighborhoods. However, since the buildout period far this AlternativE ~ is 100 years, it will take many years before the incr~ases are noticeable. Noise increases for the other alternatives wauld be similar or less than Alternative 0, based on the projected traffic increases. Under the RT alternative, noise attributed to traffic would be similar to Alternative D. Hawever, due to the change in land use from office and warehouse/manufacturing to residentia~, th~ number of stationary nQise sources would be reduced. At 2002, traffic related nois~ levels are anticipated to increase a small amount. If traffic increases occur along roadways currently experiencing noise levels o£ 65 dBA or higher, the - 14 - recammended noise levels for commercial and residential areas cauld be exceeded. However, since it is not known where future develapment wiil occur, future noise impacts cannot be quantif ied. However, noise impacts will be less for Alternativas 2, 4, and 6 than for Alternatives 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 due to smaller increases in traffic volumes. P4PULAT24N Buildout As shown in Table 4~-39, population growth varies by alternati~e. Based on new housing units, maximum populatian qrowth would occur under Alternative 2 with an increase of 9,009 residents or a 10.3 percent increase in the existing population. Alternative 4 would generate a sima.lar].y large population increase of 8,462 persons (9.7~ increase). Aiternatives 0, 1, and 6 wou].d all increase the City population by between 3,00o and 4,400 new residents, a growth of 4 to 5 percent. Alternatives 3 and 5 would have the least aff~ct on population increase, with both alternatives increasing the populatian from 1 to 2 percant. Since the RT alternatives are designed to increase housing opportunities in the City, adaption of any of the RT optians would further increase the City population. Alternative 10 would generate a population of 4095 an increase of 3696 persons over Alternative 0. At 2042, under any of the proposed alternatives, population growth from the aiternatives would not be greater than - 15 - approximately 2.1 percent. This would occur under Alternatives 4 and 6 with an increase of approximately 1,820 persons. Alternatives 0, 1, 3, and 5 would contribute to less than a.5 percent population increase while Alternative 2 wauld increase papulation by 1.36 percent. Taking the staff recommendation af Alternati~e 4, total papulation in the city could increase fram 86,905 to 93,051 in the year 2002 (based on annual growth in areas outside the study area of 230 units per year plus the 969 units from Alternate 4). Assuming a best case scenario that all the property in the RT District deveZops within the next ten years, the populatian in the year 2002 could reach 96,890. This represents a 1.15 percent annual growth rate which is above the annual growth projectian in the 1992 MEA {0.74~), and above the SCAG annual population projections for the Santa Monica region and Los Ange~es County, 0.72 percent and O.b9 percent respectively. HOUSING ~..__ ~ , ~ ---~ The proposed alternatives would permit frvm 518 (Alternative 5) to 4,792 {Alternative 2} additional housing units in the City. This would be an increase of between 1 perc~nt and 1D percent over the total number of existing housing units in the City. Table 4-49 ident~.fies the potential new housing units by alternative, Alternative 2 and 4 would generate the greatest number of new units (4,792 and 4,50i, respectively), followed by Alte~natives a(2,123} and 6(Z,328), Alternativ2s 1(1,628) and 3{994) and Alternative 5(518j. The RT aptians iaould further - 16 - increase housing units with Alternative 10 providing 2,~78, Alternative 9 providing 1,568 units and Alt~rnative 8 providing 1,307 units. The calculated employment generation for each alternative would add significantly to the total number of jobs currently available in the City. The number of jobs generated range fram 71,483 under Alternative 4 to 10,520 under Alternative 6. It should be not~d, hawever, that buildout under Alternative 0 would take approximately 100 years and that this alternative represents the greatest growth for the City. Employment generation under Alternative 10 would be much lower than under Alternative 0 for the RT area. Alternative 10 would gen~rate approximately 490 employees, based on 10 percent of the area beang dedicated to neighborhood serving commercial uses. Alternative 0 would pxovide approximately 2,841 jobs, based on the mix of commercial land uses. 2002 At the year 2002, Altarnatives 4 and 6 would provide the largest increase in the hausing stock, 969 and 971 Alternative 2, which provide the largest nu~ buildout, pravides 630 units in 20~2, less and 6. Alternatives 0, 1, 3, and 5 provide units by 2002. Additional units would implementation of the RT alternatives. units respectively. nber of new units at than Alternatives 4 between Z12 and ~18 be gained through The staff recommendation couid result in the addition o~ 3,011 new units in the commercial districts by the year 2002 again - 17 - assuming the C5 area redevelops in the next ten years. In addition to the 3,011 units in the com~r-ercial districts, it is estimated that 2,3D0 units (230 units per year) could be de~eloped in all the areas outside the study area, This results in the addition af 5,311 new units in the next ten years. This projection of 1.11 annual growth, is above the annual growth rate projected in the 1992 MEA (0.56$}, and the SCAG annual projection of 1.U9~ for the Santa Monica region, and be~ow the 1.28~ annual growth rate projected for Los Angeles County by SCAG. With the implamentation af the staff recommendation, a substantial improvement to the jobs housing balance would occur. The recommendation would facilitate the City in reach~ng a better jobs/housing balance by opening new areas not previously available for housing development. Implementatian of Aiternatives 0 through 6 could generate from 4,3~0 to 7,567 jobs. Alternatives 0, 1, 3, and 5 would generate over 7000 jabs each~ while Alternati~es 4 and 6 would each generate over 43D0 jobs. Alternative 2 would create 5,520 job opportunities. PUB~IC UTILITIES Electricity Electrical consumptian rises substantially for all the alternatives. Retail uses consume the greatest amount of electricity of all the uses proposed. In addition, consumption decreases proqressively from Alternative ~ to Alternative 6. - 18 -- Implementation of Alternative 10 would increase electrical consumption over Alternative 4 due to the increase in retail uses in the area. 2002 In the short term at 2002, electrical consumption under all the alternatives would only increase betwe~n 2.5 and 3 percent over existing levels. Implementation of Alternative 10 wauld reduce electrical consumption over Alternative 0 in this 10 year scenario because, in the shart term, Alternative D generates more retail development (20,933 sq.ft.) than Alternative 1(16,800 sq, ft. ) . Natural Gas Hotel and residential uses are the largest consumers of natural gas. As a resu~t, Alternatives 2, 4, and 6, the housing intensive alternat~ves that usually have fewer impacts than Alternatives l, 3, and 5, respectively, cansume znore natural gas. As shown in Table 4-62, Alternative 0 would have the greatest natural gas cansumption. The implementation of Alternative 10 would further increase natural gas consumption. 2002 Natural gas consumption at 2002 would be fairly equal far ali alternati~es. Natural gas consumption would be increased by 20 percent if Alternative 10 was implemented instead of Alternative 0. - 19 - Water All alternatives increase water constimptian substantially. Again, as shown in Table 4-59, since hotel and residential uses are the h~ghest water consumers Alternatives 2, 4, and 6 have a greater impact on water than Alternatives 1, 3, and 5, respectively. Alternative 0 consumes the most water. Implementation of Alternative 10 would doubl~ the amount of water consumed in the RT area over the level calculated for this area under Alternative 0 due to the increase in residential uses_ However, if tha City continues the existing policies related to water conservation and consumption, this should not be a significant impact since the existing water conservation policies requa.re a two times zero net increase. Water consumption at 2~02 would represent an increase of approximately 2 percent over existing levels for all alternatives. Development o~ Alternative 10 would further increase water consumption in the RT area by 27 percent over Alternative 0. Sewer Sewage generation would be highest for Alternative 0 and lowest for Alternative 5. Alternatives 0, 2, and 4 increase the daily sewage flow beyond the current permitted flow of 11 mgd. This daes not account for sewage generated outside the E~R study area. Aiternatives 3, 5, and 6 would not cause daily flow ta exceed - 2Q - this capacity, but would still substantially increase current flow. Sewage generation from Alternative 10 would represent a 92 percent increase over sewage generatian in this area under the Alternative 0 scenario. 2002 I~ comparison to the current level of sewage generatian in the City, the 2002 calculations for each alternative wauld represent an appraximate 2.5 to 3 percent increase. Sewage generation in the RT area under A~ternative 10 would be ~ncreased by 22 percent from the sewage generated by A~ternative 0 in this area. However, if the City continues the existing policies, such as retro-fitting and low cansumption plumbing fixtures, this should not be a significant impact. Starm Draina~e Due to the urban nature of the City, significant increase in runoff to storm drains is not anticipated, Further, the recently adopted run off ordinance will reduce run off by 20% of what would atherwise have occurred, as each site recycles. 2002 At 2002 impacts would be similar in scopa to those of ful~ buildout. Impact are not anticipated to be significant. Solid Waste Buildout As shown an Tabie 4-81, solid waste generation would be highest far Alternative 0 and lowest for A~ternative 6. Alternative 0 - 21 - would increase the tata~ generation far the City by approximately 21 percent while Alternative 6 would represent a 4.4 percent increase. Although Alternativa 0 wauld be considered a significant increase, the City's transfer station would still be operating below capacity. However, the lack of new disposal sites in the Las Angeles area indicates that increases in solid waste generation wauld result in significant impacts. However, givQn that the buildaut is between 24 and 100 years, new methods of disposal or sites are anticipated to occur. Alternative 10 would increase solid waste generation in the RT area by 17 percent over the level generated by Alternative 0 in this area. aoa2 At 2002 the alternatives generate similar amounts af solid waste, representing an increase of no more than 2 percent over existing levels. In thxs short-term analysis, Alternative 10 would reduce solid waste generation in the RT area by 25 percent fram the amount generated by Alternative 4 in this area. PUBLIC SERVICES Police Prot~ction Buildaut Bas~d an a service ratia of 2.2 ~fficers per 1,d00 persons, each of the alternatives would generate a need for additional police staff. Alternat~ves 2 and 4, which represent the highest papulation increases, would require 19.8 and 18.5 new afficers, respectively, to maintain current staffing leveZs. Alternative 5 would required the fewest new officers to maintain staffing, 2.1 officers. Tmplementation of Alternative 10 would require a need - 22 - for 6 additional officers over the need anticipated for Alternative 0 in this area. At 2002, additional police staffing needs would range from between 1 and 4 new officers. Alternatives 0, 1, 3, and 5 would require 1 new officer, Alternative 2 wa~ld required 2.6 officers, and Alternatives 4 and 6 would required 4 new officers. Alternative 10 would not require additional police officers at this tzme. Fire Pratection Since the service ratio is based upon the number of dwelling units per alternative, the commercial intensive alternatives generate a smaller demand on Fire Department staffing than the a~ternatives that require residential develapment. A~ternative 2 requires tha ~argest amaunt of additional staff at 10 fire fighters; Alternative 4 would require 9 fire fighters. Alternative 6, with the lowest total development and a 40 percent residential requirement, and Alternative 0, existing zoning, both require an additional 5 fire fighters. Buildout of the RT area under Alternative ~0 would require an additional 3 fire fighters over development of the area under Alternative 0. aaaz At 2002, fire staffing needs would vary between .44 and 2 additional fire fighters. In the RT area, neither Alternative 10 - 23 - nor Alternative 0 wauld generate a need for mare fire fighters at this time. schoals Alternatives 0, 1, 2, and 4 would all require additional space far over 1,000 students. Alternatives 3, 5, and 5 would generate 715, 367, and 715 students, respectively. Alternative 0, which provides for a higher amount a~ commercial and industrial uses in the RT area than Alternative 14, would generate a higher number of students. Buildaut under Alternative 10 would generate 307 students while if the area was buildaut under Alternative 0, 520 students w~uld be generated. Z002 At 2002, student increases wauld ranqe from 152 to 225 students. Alternatives 4 and 6, the housing intensi~e alternatives, would generate 224 and 225 students, respectively. Alternatives 4, 1, 3, and 5 would generate the fewest students, between 152 and 155. Alternati~e 2 would generate 191 students. I~plementation o~ Alternative 10 would generate 21 students; this area, under Alternative 0, would generate 9 students. These increases are not expected to impact the schaol system. Parks and Recreation Alternatives 2 and 4 would create the greatest need for park acreage, at an additional 22.5 and 21.3 acres, respectively. Alternatives 0 and 6 would require a similar amount of new park - 24 - space, ~0 and 11 acres, respectively. Alternative 1 requires 7.8 acres and A~ternative 3 requires 5 acres of additional park area. A~ternative 5 would demand the smallest amount of additional park space, 2.5 acres. Alternative la wouid generate a demand for an additional 7 acres of park space, while Alternative ~ would anly require .5 acres of park space for this area. Hawever, sxnce the RT area will in~olve the redevelopment of large parcels, the opportunity exists to ereate new park space in this neighborhood. 2002 At 2002, the park space requirements for each alternative wfluld range from 1 to 4.5 acres. Alternativ~s 0, 1, 3, and 5 would require 1 acre eaeh; Alternative 2 would require 3 acres; Alternatives 4 and 6 would require 4.5 acres. Implementation of Alternative 10 would require o.6 of park space while Alternative 0 wou~d require only 0.01 additional park acres for this area. FISCAL Buildout All the development alternatives would result in a net beneficial impact to the City at buildout. Estimated net benefits at full buildout would range from a high of $34.52 million far Alternative 3 to a low of $4.35 million for Alternative 6. Net benefits were found to b~ fairly well d~stributed and do not appear to be directly related to the total amount of development allowed. Table 4-101 identifies the fiscal impacts at buildout for each alternative. Alternatives 3 and 4 both have a maximum potential buildout of approximately 11.7 million square feet. -- 25 - However, Alternative 3 generat~s a net benefit of $34.52 million and Alternative 4 a net benefit af $8.3 million. 2002 As with the buildout scenario, the fi~cal projections for the year 2002 indicate that all af the alternatives would produce net cumulative beneficial impacts ta the City's rev~nues. However, in this short-term scenaria, the revenues assaciated with each aiternative vary by only $2.25 million and expenses for each a].ternative vary by only $1.57 million. Net cumulative benefits range from a low of $~.79 million for Alternative 4 to a high of almost $2.59 million for Alternative 5. Alternatives 2, 4, and 6 are all in the $1.8 to $1.9 million range and Alternatives 1, 3, and 5 are in the $2.5 million range. Alternative 0, which results in the greatest amount of development, wauld generate $2.3 million. - 26 - ~4Tr~~~t~t~NT ~ ~.... - ~ i~~iiii i TABLF 1-1 AL7'EKNATLVH CUhtPAR15i1N MA'i'kIX AT ~iUlE.l)OUT Rnnkmg Top~cal [seue Akt 0 Alt 1 Ah 2 Alt 3 Alt 4 Alt 5 Alt G Aft $ AN 9 Alt 10 land Uee• 4 3 7 2 b 1 5 + k + Tn11ic 7 6 5 4 3 2 i o 0 0 Air Qulrty 7 6 S 4 3 2 i a o 0 ~Va~ee 7 6 5 4 7 2 t - - - Popul~uon° 4 3 7 2 6 1 5 F + + floua~n~ A S 1 b 2 7 3 - - _ Ne~ghborhood' NIA ~ilA N1A NIA N/A ~1JA NIA N!A N1A N!A Efecsncity 7 5 5 4 3 2 l - . _ N~tursl De~ 7 S 6 3 4 1 2 + + 4 W~ter 7 3 6 3 4 1 Z + + } 5ew~gc 7 5 G 3 4 I 2 + + } Slom~ breinege• - -. -- -- - -• -- •_ -- .. S~hd Wa~te 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 _ _ _ Pol~ce 4 ~ 7 2 6 1 S + + + F~ra 4 3 7 2 6 I 5 I~ + + Sch~x~la 7 5 6 3 4 I 2 + + + Pertcelltee A 3 7 2 5 f S f ~ + Fiecal 2 ] 4 1 5 6 7 N!A NIA N1A Summary R~nkmg= G 5 6 3 4 1 2 * Denotee QieEilatt~e Re~ilcing ' ll~e Ne~ghbor~ood EP1ec~s ~•P~~~~ ~rov~Jos ~ eummsry af traflic, nrnae, pnrkt enJ recreauon, aqd BCh001 ~ssUCa See Ihe ap~~mpnate sechone for a r~nkm~ of impacls ' Ahe.~~a.~.~. 0 end 2 h~ve 1he asme rankmg of ~rop~cls, ao no 7~h summrry renk ie providecl Ncxe N1A ~~ vsed when ~ renking ~s nM iJe~ufiable or ~ppmpn~te Suurce iN~ch~cl Brandman Asso~ielea 1992 ~c>~sro2zsooza ~ ]-4~ + I ~ I I ~ ~,~ K ~ ~ I i' i E ' : ~ o J ; ~ ' ' ~ ~ ~ ~ - ; ~ , . ' . TAdLE L-Z AL7'ElZ1+IA'l'IVE C;()h1PAR15f1N MATRIX AT 20U2 Krntcng Tupical Lwa All D Alt ! AII 2 Ah 3 AI~ q A31 5 Alt G Ah 8 All 9 All l0 La~ul U~e* I l 2 I 3 I 3 + + + Trat~'ic I ! 1 1 l l I u u u A.u Quai~ty 3 3 2 3 1 3 1 u u ~~ t~o~se 2 2 l 2 1 2 l • - - Pcµ~ulatwn~ 1 1 2 l 3 I 3 t + t llouung 3 3 2 3 1 3 1 - - - Nee~hbor}sqxl~ N/A NIA ?+l/A N1A N1A N/A N1A N1A N/A N/A Elce~nciry 3 3 2 4 1 3 1 - - - rr4~~~.i a.. a i z t ~ i ~ + + + W~1er i I 2 1 3 l 3 + + + 5ew~ga 1 1 2 l 3 I 3 f + * Stonn Drauuge+' -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - - Sulad W~eee 3 3 2 3 1 3 ! - - - pulicr I 1 2 1 3 L 3 u u o Fue ! 1 2 1 3 I 1 o u o 5choola 1 l 2 1 3 I 3 + + + Pu1cs/Rec 1 l 2 1 3 1 7 + + + Fiscrl 2 4 3 1 3 1 1 ~llA N/A -+IlA L sanun.ry lt~nring' ~ x ~--- 1 ~ 3 L 2 1 ~ L ~ ! a ~ -. _ _ ~ • Uanae~ qu~hunvm R~nt~nY ' The Naighharhnod EPfea~ ~uun p=uv~ao: a tummary uf u~~c, ncri~e, pu~~ aod rec[eeqon, ~ad ~ch~wl irsuGS Sec tlro apprnpnatn coct~o~Ye fur a rantmg of unQac~~ ~ Allenulaves 4 anJ 2 havp 1ha ~.._ rankmg of I~~~p~Cl~, w nu 7U~ rum~n+~ry ranr u prnvida! NWe -+IlA ~s used whan ~ rank~ug is iwt ~de~ufirble ur appn~n~te Suurce M~chael Bnndm~n Aaiucu~e~ 1942 ~T~~C~fM~NT G DEV~LOPM~NT STANDARQS OPTI4NS ISSUES ORIGINAL STAFF p~ RECOMMENDATION REVISED STAFF p~'HER OPTIONS RECOMMENDATION RECOMMENDATION Ma~ntain exi5t~ng FAR, but m BCD, Reduce axtstmg FAR by 25 ~ in all Maintain existmg FAR in all C4, C5 dnd C6 distncts, only 70 % of commercarl drstncts, and reqwr~ that co.......,..,a~l d~~;tnctti, hut requ~re that ~~tted FAR may be devoted to Development Skandards 30% of all new building scluure tocitag~ 30% of all new building square fiwtage commercial uties Itemsiining 30~o may Alt~matives he c~evoted to resider~taal uSes, with kse devoted to resedenta~l uses, w~th nnly b~ u5~1 fi~r residenta~l In C2, contained zn E~R exceptions outhnr~ in the staff report ~xc~pt~ons outLneci in th~ staff report C3, C3C and M l, mamtain ex~sting FAR and a1low 10(l~ of FAR to be commercial 1-3 ~arcels - No reduct~on 2S$'a reductic~n fc~r p:ux;eIs over 22,500 ~ 3 pareels - 10% reduetion FAR ReAluctions for sq ft , 50~ recluction For ~rarcelti ~rver 1 2596 FAR reduct~on fi~r paroels ov~r 25 ~ reduction > 22,500 sq ft ~ 4 parcels - 20 % reduction Large Parcels ~2~SW sq ft in area > 5 parcel5 - 30`~ rr3cluctton acre. > 6 parcels - 40~0 reduehqtt ~ 7 parcel5 - 50 ~O recluctsun Elimrnate CS dsstnct except where ma~or pro~ect developme~t ha.s Allaw resl~lential uses m M 1 Dsstnct °C~urrec! - Rezone two Ya,~~;s RT M 1/C5 Rez,omn~ - RT D~strict with the approval of a CUP ~~d~cated on map to res~dential nnly - - R"f D~stnet Create M I IRD di~tnct yn rernusmng CS and M1 district - Create housmg ~~rt~y