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SR-417-003-01 (73) . . L/I ?--oo 3-0/ CA:RMM:rmdl057/hpca city Council Meeting 9-11-90 Santa Monica, california STAFF REPORT ~.F SEP 11 1990 SEP 1 8 1990 TO: Mayor and City council FROM: city Attorney SUBJECT: Ordinance Adding section 3238t to the Santa Monica Municipal Code To Establish Preferential Parking Zone T At its meeting on January 23, 1990, the City Council directed the City Attorney to prepare an ordinance establishing a preferential parking zone on Dorchester Avenue between Exposition Boulevard and Delaware Avenue. In response to this direction, the accompanying ordinance has been prepared and is presented to the city council for its consideration. The accompanying ordinance adds Section 3238t to the Santa Monica Municipal Code establishing Preferential Parking Zone T on Dorchester Avenue between Exposition Boulevard and Delaware Avenue. Parking in Zone T will be prohibited for more than two hours between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., Monday through Saturday, except by permit. All other provisions applicable to preferential parking zones would apply. An initial study was prepared in accordance with the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act. Based upon this initial study, a negative declaration has been prepared. Both documents are attached to this Staff Report as - 1 - , _pf'.F ~E' 1 1 1990 SEP 1 8 1990 . . Exhibit A. Notice of preparation of the negative declaration was given in the manner required by law. RECOMMENDATION It is respectfully recommended that: 1. The negative declaration be approved. 2. The accompanying ordinance be introduced for first reading. PREPARED BY: Robert M. Myers, City Attorney - 2 - e . CA:RMM:rmdl056jhpca City Council Meeting 9-11-90 Santa Monica, California ORDINANCE NUMBER (City Council Series) AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA ADDING SECTION 3238T TO THE SANTA MONICA MUNICIPAL CODE TO ESTABLISH PREFERENTIAL PARKING ZONE T WHEREAS, the Parking and Traffic Engineer has received a petition requesting establishment of a preferential parking zone on Dorchester Avenue between Exposition Boulevard and Delaware Avenue; and WHEREAS, the petition has been verified to be signed by residents living in two-thirds of the dwelling units comprising not less than fifty percent (50%) of the developed frontage of the proposed preferential parking zone; and WHEREAS, the Parking and Traffic Engineer has undertaken such studies and surveys deemed necessary to determine whether a preferential parking zone should be designated in the area; and WHEREAS, the City Council is satisfied that the proposed area meets the designation criteria set forth in Municipal Code Section 3232A, NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. section 3238t is added to the Santa Monica Municipal Code to read as follows: - 1 - . . Section 3238t. Preferential parking Zone T. (a) The following named and described street within the City shall constitute Preferential Parking Zone T: Dorchester Avenue between Exposition Boulevard and Delaware Avenue. (b) No vehicle shall be parked or stopped adjacent to any curb in Preferential Parking Zone T for more than two hours between the hours of 9: 00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on Monday through Saturday without a permit issued and displayed in accordance with this Chapter. (c) Any vehicle parked or stopped without a permit when required by this section may be removed from the street by any police officer. (d) The annual fee for each permit issued for Preferential Parking Zone T shall be $15.00 per permit, or such other fee as may be established from time to time by resolution of the City Council. SECTION 2. Any provision of the Santa Monica Municipal Code or appendices thereto inconsistent with the provisions of this Ordinance, to the extent of such inconsistencies and no - 2 - ~ . . further, are hereby repealed or modified to that extent necessary to affect the provisions of this Ordinance. SECTION 3. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this Ordinance is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a decision of any court of any competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Ordinance. The city council hereby declares that it would have passed this Ordinance, and each and every section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase not declared invalid or unconstitutional without regard to whether any portion of the Ordinance would be subsequently declared invalid or unconstitutional. SECTION 4. The Mayor shall sign and the City Clerk shall attest to the passage of this Ordinance. The city Clerk shall cause the same to be published once in the official newspaper within 15 days after its adoption. This Ordinance shall become effective after 30 days from its adoption. APPROVED AS TO FORM: ~~.~ ROBERT M. MYERS U City Attorney - 3 - . . SANTA MONICA :~:~;~~~~~~~~~~~;:-i.i~~~~~~~~ .r}""_",,, - - -~"';.:;- ,,~j:~' ..~~ Program & Policy Development 1685 Main Street Santa Monica, CA 90401-3295 (213) 458-8585 NOTICE OF PREPARATION OF A PROPOSED NEGATIVE DECLARATION FOR PROPOSED PREFERENTIAL PARKING ZONES S, T To: Concerned Persons From: The city of santa Monica PROJECT LOCATION: Zone S: 16th and 17th streets between Montana Avenue and Alta Avenue Zone T: Dorchester Avenue between Exposition Boulevard and Delaware street PROPOSED NEGATIVE DECLARATION An application for a NEGATIVE DECLARATION to carry out the following project: Preferential Parking Zone S: To prohibit parking on 16th and 17th streets between Montana Avenue and Alta Avenue for more than one hour between 9:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m., Monday through Saturday, except by permit. Preferential Parking Zone T: To prohibit parking on Dorchester Avenue between Exposition Boulevard and Delaware street for more than two hours between 9: 00 a. m. and 6:00 p.m., Monday through Saturday, except by permit, in the city of Santa Monica, California, having been filed by the city of Santa Monica Parking/Traffic Division, on May 15, 1990, and the application having been reviewed by the Community and Economic Development Department in accordance with the procedures established by Resolution 6694 (CCS), therefore, the Department hereby finds that: 1. The proposed activity does constitute a project within the meaning of the California Environmental Quality Act of 1970, as amended. 2. The proposed activity is not exempt from the provisions of such act by reason of being a ministerial, categorically exempt or emergency activity. 3. The proposed activity does not appear to have a substantial adverse effect upon the environment. 4. Inasmuch as it can be seen with reasonable certainty that no substantial adverse effect is involved, no . . proper purpose would be served by the preparation of an Environmental Impact Report. 5. A Negative Declaration document is the proper, correct and appropriate procedure required to assure compliance with the purpose and intent of the California Environmental Quality Act of 1970, as amended. The Department, therefore, has determined that the proposed project does not have a significant effect on the environment and that an Environmental Impact Report is not required. Following the public review period, the decision-making body is required to consider whether or not a Negative Declaration continues to be appropriate. HOW TO COMMENT ON THE PROPOSED NEGATIVE DECLARATION The City of Santa Monica encourages public comment on this and other projects. A copy of the Negative Declaration is available for your review in the City Planning Division at the address below and in the office of the city Clerk. If you have comments about the proposed Negative Declaration, you should forward them to the city Planning staff so that they can be considered. DUE DATE FOR COMMENTS Monday, July 16, 1990 4:00 P.M. WHERE TO SEND COMMENTS city Planning Division 1685 Main street Santa Monica, California 90401-3295 Telephone: (213) 458-8585 Attention: Douglas Kim, Assistant Planner lega1/ppz2ef33 06/14/90 cr'l'Y OF SANTA MONICA . CITY PLANNING DIVISION City Hall, 1685 Main street, Santa Monica, California . IS NO. 90-006 90401-3295 PROPOSED NEGATIVE DECLARATION An application for a NEGATIVE DECLARATION to carry out the following projects: Preferential Parking Zone S: To prohibit parking on 16th and 17th streets between Montana Avenue and Alta Avenue for more than one hour between 9:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m.{ Monday through Saturday, except by permit. Preferential Parking Zone T: To prohibit parking on Dorchester Avenue between Exposition Boulevard and Delaware Avenue for more than two hours between 9:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., Monday through Saturday, except by permit, in the City of Santa Monica, California, having been filed by the City of Santa Monica parking/Traffic Division, on May 15, 1990, and the application having been reviewed by the Community and Economic Development Department in accordance with the procedures established by Resolution 6694 (CCS), therefore, the Department hereby finds that: 1. The proposed activity does constitute a project within the meaning of the California Environmental Quality Act of 1970, as amended. 2. The proposed activity is not exempt from the provisions of such act by reason of being a ministerial, categorically exempt or emergency activity. 3. The proposed activity does not appear to have a substantial adverse effect upon the environment. 4. Inasmuch as it can be seen with reasonable certainty that no substantial adverse effect is involved, no proper purpose would be served by the preparation of an Environmental Impact Report. 5. A Negative Declaration document is the proper, correct and appropriate procedure required to assure compliance with the purpose and intent of the California Environmental Quality Act of 1970, as amended. ~:"l'Y OF SANTA MONICA . CITY PLANNING DIVISION City Hall, 1685 Main Street, Santa Monica, California . IS NO. 90-006 90401-3295 The Department, therefore, has determined that the proposed project does not have a significant effect on the environment and that an Environmental Impact Report is not required. Following the pUblic review period, the decisionmaking body is required to consider whether or not a Negative Declaration continues to be appropriate. Date: h/i /90 fAu#/~ DIRECTOR OF PLANNING Date: o /l./ q Vi (J'UG~~LL-<-- - DIRECTOR' COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOP NT DEPARTMENT legal/efSpz2 06/0S/90 CITY OF SANTA MON~ CITY PLANNING DIV~ON city Hall, 1685 Main street, ~ IS No. 90-006 Santa Monica, California 90401-3295 INITIAL STUDY AND NEIGHBORHOOD IMPACT STATEMENT DATE FILED 5-15-90 I. BACKGROUND 1. Name of Applicant City of Santa Monica 2. Address and Phone Number of Proponent 1685 Main street Santa Monica, California 90401-3295; 213-458-8291 3. Project Address 16th and 17th streets between Montana Avenue and Alta Avenue; Dorchester Avenue between Exposition Boulevard and Delaware Avenue. Name of Proposal, if applicable Preferential Parkinq Zones Sand T. 4. Initial study Prepared by Douglas Kim, Assistant Planner II. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS (Explanations of all answers are required on attached sheets. ) Yes Maybe No 1. Earth. will the proposal result in: a. Unstable earth conditions or in changes in geologic substructures? x h. Extensive disruptions, displace- ments, compaction or overcovering of soil? x c. Extensive change in topography of ground surface relief features? x d. The destruction, covering or modification of any unique geological or physical features? x - 1 - . CITY OF SANTA MON~ CITY PLANNING DIVI~N City Hall, 1685 Main street, Santa Monica, California IS No. 90-006 90401-3295 Yes Maybe No e. Considerable increase in wind or water erosion of soils, either on or off the site? f. Changes in deposition or erosion of beach sands, or changes in siltation, deposition or erosion which may modify the bed of the ocean or any bay or inlet? g. Exposure of people or property to geologic hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, mud- slides, ground failure, or similar hazards? 2. Air. will the proposal result in: a. Considerable air emissions or deterioration of ambient air quality? b. The creation of objectionable odors? c. Substantial alteration of air movement, moisture, or temperature, or any change in climate, either locally or regionally? d. Expose the project residents to severe air pollution conditions? 3. Water. will the proposal result in: a. Changes in currents, or the course of direction of water movements, in either marine or fresh waters? b. Extensive changes in absorp- tion rates, drainage patterns, or the rate and amount of surface runoff? c. Alterations to the course or flow of flood waters? - 2 - x x x x x x x x x x CITY OF SANTA MON~\ CITY PLANNING DIV~, lN city Hall, 1685 Main Street, Santa Monica, California . IS No. 90-006 90401-3295 Yes Maybe No d. Substantial change in the amount of surface water in any water body? x e. Discharge into surface waters, or in any alteration of surface water quality, including but not limited to temperature, dissolved oxygen or turbidity? x f. Alteration of the direction or rate of flow of ground waters? x g. Change in the qu~~tity of ground waters, either t rough direct additions or wi~_drawals, or through intercel _ion of an aquifer by cuts ,r excavations? x h. considerable redlction in the amount of water otherwise avail- able for public water supplies? x i. ~posure of people or property to water related hazards such as flooding or tidal waves? x 4. Plant Life. Will the proposal result in: a. Change in the diversity of species or number of any species of plants (including trees, shrubs, grass, crops, and aquatic plants)? b. Reduction of the numbers of any unique, rare or endangered species of plants? x x c. Introduction of new species of plants into an area, or result in a barrier to the normal replen- ishment of existing species? x - J - CITY OF SANTA MONI. CITY PLANNING DIVI ON city Hall, 1685 Main street, 4It IS No. 90-006 Santa Monica, California 90401-3295 Yes Maybe No 5. Animal Life. will the proposal result in: a. Change in the diversity of species, or number of any species of animals (birds, land animals including reptiles, fish and shellfish, benthic organisms or insects)? x b. Reduction of the numbers of any unique, rare or endangered species of animals? x c. Introduction of new species of animals into an area, or result in a barrier to the migration or movement of animals? x d. Deterioration of existing fish or wildlife habitats? x 6. Energy. will the proposal result in: a. Use of considerable amount of fuels or energy? x b. Considerable increase in demand upon existing sources of energy, or require the development of new sources of energy? x 7. Natural Resources. will the proposal result in: a. Considerable increase in the rate of use of any natural resources? x b. considerable depletion of any nonrenewable natural resource? x 8. Noise. will the proposal result in: a. Considerable increases in existing noise. levels? x b. Exposure of people to severe noise levels? x - 4 - . . CITY OF SANTA MON~ CITY PLANNING DIV~ON city Hall, 1685 Main street, Santa Monica, California IS No. 90-006 90401-3295 Yes Maybe No 9. Light and Glare. will the proposal produce considerable new light or glare from street lights or other sources? 10. Shadows. Will the proposal produce extensive shadows affecting adjacent uses or property? 11. RiSk of upset. Will the proposal involve: a. A risk of an explosion or the release of hazardous substances (including, but not limited to, oil, pesticides, chemicals or radiation) in the event of an accident or upset conditions? b. Possible interference with an emergency response plan or an emergency evacuation plan? 12. Human Health. will the proposal result in: a. Creation of any health hazard or potential health hazard (excluding mental health)? b. Exposure of people to potential health hazards? c. Considerable adverse impact on health care services? 13. population. will the proposal result in: a. Considerable change in the distri- bution, density, or growth rate of the human population of an area? b. The relocation of any persons because of the effects upon housing, commercial or industrial facilities? c. The relocation or dislocation of employment or businesses? - 5 - x x x x x x x x x x CITY OF SANTA MONI~ CITY PLANNING DIVI~N City Hall, 1685 Main street, ~ IS No. 90-006 Santa Monica, California 90401-3295 Yes Maybe No 14. Land Use. will the proposal result in: a. A considerable alteration of the present or planned land use of an area? x b. Demolition, relocation, or remodeling of residential, com- mercial or industrial buildings or other facilities? x 15. Housing. will the Proposal: a. Create a considerable demand for additional housing? x b. Have a considerable adverse impact on the available rental housing in the community? x 16. Right of Way. will the proposal result in: a. Reduced lot area? x b. Reduced access? x c. Reduced off-street parking? d. Creation of abrupt grade dif- ferential between public and private property? 17. Transportation/Circulation. will the proposal result in: x x a. Generation of considerable additional vehicular movement? x b. Substantial effects on existing parking facilities, or demand for new parking? x c. Considerable adverse impact upon existing bus transit systems? x d. Alterations to present patterns of circulation or movement of people and/or goods by changes to roadways? x - 6 - CITY OF SANTA MONI. CITY PLANNING DIVI N City Hall, 1685 Main Street, Santa Monica, California . IS No. 90-006 90401-3295 Yes Maybe No e. Alterations to waterborne, rail or air traffic? x f. Considerable adverse impact on traffic safety to motorists, bicyclists or pedestrians? x IS. utilities. Will the proposal result in a need for new systems, or major alterations to the following utilities: a. Power or natural gas? x b. communications systems? x c. Water? x d. Sewer or septic tanks? x e. storm water drainage? x f. Solid Waste and disposal? x 19. Public services. will the proposal have a considerable effect upon, or result in a need for new or altered governmental services in any of the following areas: a. Fire protection? x b. Police protection? x c. Schools, including pre-schools or child care? x d. Parks or other recreational facilities? x e. Maintenance of public facil- ities, including roads? x f. Other governmental services? x 20. construction Effects. will the proposal have considerable construc- tion-period impacts due to the scope, or location of construction activities? x - 7 - CITY OF SANTA MONI'" CITY PLANNING DIVI~N City Hall, 1685 Main street, Santa Monica, California . IS No. 90-006 90401-3295 Yes Maybe No 21. Fiscal. will the proposal have a considerable fiscal effect on the city? 22. Recreation. will the proposal result in a considerable impact upon the quality or quantity of existing recreational opportunities? 23. Cultural Resources. a. Will the proposal result in the alteration of or the destruc- tion of a prehistoric or his- toric archeological site? b. will the proposal result in adverse physical or aesthetic effects to a prehistoric or historic building, structure, or object? c. Does the proposal have the potential to cause a physical change which would affect unique ethnic cultural values? d. will the proposal restrict existing religious or sacred uses within the potential impact area? 24. Aesthetics. will the proposed project result in: a. The obstruction of any scenic vista or view open to the public? b. The creation of an aestheti- cally offensive site open to public view? c. The destruction of a stand of trees, a rock outcropping or other locally recognized desir- able aesthetic natural feature? d. Any substantial negative aesthetic effect? - 8 - x x x x x x x x x x CITY OF SANTA MON~ CITY PLANNING DIV~ON City Hall, 16S5 Main street, Santa Monica, California . IS No. 90-006 90401-3295 Yes Maybe No 25. Neighborhood Effects. will the proposal have considerable effects on the project neighborhood? x 26. Mandatory Findings of significance. a. Does the project have the poten- tial to degrade the quality of the environment, SUbstantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal commun- ity, reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or pre-history? x b. Does the project have the poten- tial to achieve short-term, to the disadvantage of long-term, environmental goals? x c. Does the project have impacts which are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? x d. Does the project have environ- mental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly? x III. DISCUSSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION (See attachment) IV. DETERMINATION A Negative Declaration is appropriate. legal/ef3ppz 05/16/90 - 9 - CITY OF SANTA MONI~ CITY PLANNING DIVI~N city Hall, 1685 Main street, ~ IS No. 90-006 Santa Monica, California 90401-3295 Attachment DISCUSSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION AREAS CHECKED "NO" 1. Earth (a,b,c,d,e,f,g) The parking zones do not have geOlogical impacts. 2. Air (a,b,c,d) The zones will not significantly impact air quality. 3. Water (a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i) The zones do not affect bodies of water. 4. Plant Life (a,b,c) The parking zones do not impact vegetation in the area. 5. Animal Life (a/b/c/d) The parking zones will not impact animal life. 6. Energy (a/b) The parking zones will not directly impact energy sources. 7. Natural Resources (a/b) The parking zones will not impact natural resources. 8. Noise (a,b) The zones will not impact noise significantly. 9. Light and Glare. The zones do not create light and glare. 10. Shadows. The parking zones do not create shadows. 11. Risk of Upset (a,b) The zones will not create hazardous impacts or impacts to safety. 12. Human Health (a,b,c) The zones will not directly impact human health. 13. Population (a/b,c) The parking zones will not directly impact the areas' commercial or residential population. 14. Land Use (a/b) The zones will not directly impact land use in the area. 15. Housing (a/b) The parking zones will not impact housing. - 10 - CITY OF SANTA MONI. CITY PLANNING DIVI N city Hall, 1685 Main street, Santa Monica, California . IS No. 90-006 90401-329~ 16. Right of way (a,b,c,d) The parking zones will not impact any public rights-of-way. 17. Transportation/circulation (a,b,c,d,e,f) The parking zones will not generate considerable additional vehicular movement, nor create considerable impacts on existing transit systems, air traffic, or traffic safety to pedestrians, bicyclists, or motorists. The zones will not result in substantial effects on existing parking facili- ties or create demand for new parking, and will not result in alterations to present patterns of circulation through any changes to roadways. parking Zone S encompasses two one-block areas, while Zone T involves a one block portion of Dorchester Avenue. 18. utilities (a,b,c,d,e,f) The parking zones will not impact utilities. 19. Public Services (a,b,c,d,e) The zones will not create a considerable effect or require new services in fire or police protection, schools, parks, or maintenance of roads. 20. construction Effects The parking zones have no construction impacts. 21. Fiscal The zones will not have a considerable fiscal effect on the city. 22. Recreation The zones do not impact recreational opportunities. 23. cultural Resources (a,b,c,d) The parking zones do not impact cultural resources. 24. Aesthetics (a,b,c,d) ~he parking zones have no aesthetic impact. 25. Neighborhood Effects. The parking zones will not have considerable effects on the project neighborhoods. 26. Mandatory Findings of significance a. Does the project have the potential to degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife popula- tion to drop below self-sustaining levels I threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or species or eliminate important examples of the maj or periods of California history or pre-history? - 11 - CITY OF SANTA MONIA CITY PLANNING DIVI~N City Hall, 1685 Main street, Santa Monica, california . IS No. 90-006 90401-3295 No. The parking zones will not degrade the quality of the environment or affect native plants or animals. b. Does the project have the potential to achieve short-term, to the disadvantage of lonq-term/ environmental goals? No. Zone S will limit parking on two street blocks to one- hour without a permit, while Zone T will limit parking on one block of Dorchester Avenue to two hours without a per- mit. The impacts are limited and does not have the poten- tial to result in adverse long-term environmental problems. c. Does the project have impacts which are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? No. As both zones will permit limited parking permit, and because of the small area involved zone, the individual impacts of each are minimal. any cumulative impacts would not be considerable. without a wi th each As such, d. Does the project have environmental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly? No. The zones will no have direct or indirect substantial adverse effects on humans. AREAS CHECKED nYES" 19. Public services f. will the proposal have a considerable effect upon/ or result in a need for new or altered government services in government services? Yes. Parking Zone S requires new parking enforcement surveillance of two street blocks, while Zone T requires enforcement of one street block. However, the impact on this government service is not considerable. - 12 - CITY OF SANTA MONI. . CITY PLANNING DrVI N City Hall, 1685 Main street, Santa Monica, California 90401-3295 CERTIFICATION OF FINAL INITIAL STUDY AND NEGATIVE DECLARATION DATE July 25, 1990 PROJECT TITLE Preferential Parking Zones S, T APPLICATION Nill1BER INITIAL STUDY NU~BER 90-006 This hereby certifies that this Final Initial Study and Negative Declaration was completed in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act, the State CEQA Guidelines, and the City of Santa Monica CEQA Guidelines. LM 1- ~ ~ ~ Signature AssiSt2/1 t ? 12/1/1 er Title efl0ppz2 07/26/90 CITY OF~~ANTA MONI~ IS No. ~ EIR No. CITY PLANNING DIVI~ -,.,- City Hall, 1685 Main Street, Santa Monica, California 90401-3295 ~ DETERMINATION project Title: Preferential Parking Zones Sand T Project Address: 16th and 17th streets between Montana Avenue and Al ta Avenue; Dorchester Avenue between Exposition Boulevard and Delaware On the basis of this initial evaluation: I find that the proposed project could not have a significant effect on the environment, and a Negative Declaration will be prepared. x I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, there will not be a significant effect in this case because the mitigation measures described on an attached sheet have been added to the project. A Negative Declaration will be prepared. I find the proposed project may have a significant effect on the environment, and an Environmental Impact Report is required. ,/,(90 Date . of Planning l/c,/t;c. ~ ' ~ , 'ul ~lt"'--'~iJ-(L}.L-'----" -. Director,tJCommunity and Economic Development Department Date legal/ef4ppz2 05/16/90