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SR-7-A (12) GS:SES Council Meeting: February 14, 1989 7-A ~a 1 4 1989 Santa Monica, Ca~lfornla TO: Mayor and City council FROM: City Staff SUBJECT: Public Hearing on Assessments of Costs to Repair Damaged Sidewalks, Driveways and Curbs (SR-88-122j123) Introduction This report requests that the City Council hold a public hearing for the assessment of costs to repair damaged sidewalks, driveways and curbs at various locations within the city. It is recommended that the City Council adopt the attached Resolution confirming the assessment of costs. Background On January 10, 1989, the City council set a public hearing for February 14, 1989, on the assessment of costs to repair damaged sidewalks, driveways, and curbs within the City of Santa Monica. Notices were sent on February 3, 1989 to property owners informing them of the public hearing in accordance with the legal requirements of Chapter 22 of the Improvement Act of 1911. BUdget/Financial Impact This assessment district will generate revenues to the City over the next two years in the amount of $3,120. Any unpaid assessments will be placed on the FY1989-1990 property tax bill. 2~f\ Recommendation It is recommended the City Council: 1. Open the public hearing; 2. Close the public hearing; 3. Acknowledge any protests and adopt the attached Resolution confirming the assessments. prepared by: stan Scholl, Director of General services Attachments: Resolution for Adoption Notice(s) of Public Hearing street superintendentts Report and List of Property Owners (swhld122) NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING Re: Sidewalk Repair at (Sidewalk Assessment District: SR-89-122/123) The sidewalk repair at the above described property has been completed, and the cost of the sidewalk repair is $ Your cost is $ which is one-half of the cost of the work done at the location. THIS IS NOT AN INVOICE. You will be billed later. Pursuant to Streets and Highways Code section 5616, this letter is notification that the City council, pursuant to Resolution No. 7742 (CCS) adopted on January 10, 1989, has scheduled a hearing to hear and pass upon the report of the Superintendent of Streets of the cost of the sidewalk repair, in connection with the above-described project, together with any objections and protests, if any, which may be raised by any property owner liable to be assessed for the cost of such sidewalk repair and any other interested persons. The hearing will be held as follows: DATE: PLACE: February 14, 1989 City Council Chambers City Hall 1685 Main Street Santa Monica, California 7:30 P.M. TIME: Any protests or objections must be in writing and must be filed with the City Clerk on or before the time set for the hearing_ Upon confirmation of the report of the Superintendent of Streets, as provided for in streets and Highways Code Section 5618, the cost of the sidewalk repair will be assessed against your property, and you will be notified of the manner of payment. The City will provide financial assistance for low-to-moderate income persons. If your income is less than $19,900 for a family of one person, $22,700 for two persons, $25,550 for three persons or $28,400 for four persons, call 458-8701 for information on this program. Very truly yours, stanley E. Scholl superintendent of streets NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING Re: Sidewalk Repair at (Sidewalk Assessment District: SR-89-122j123) The sidewalk repair at the above described property has been completed, and your cost of the sidewalk repair is THIS IS NOT AN INVOICE. You will be billed later. Pursuant to Streets and Highways Code section 5616, this letter is notification that the City Council, pursuant to Resolution No. 7742 (CCS) adopted on January 10, 1989, has scheduled a hearing to hear and pass upon the report of the Superintendent of Streets of the cost of the sidewalk repair, in connection with the above-described project, together with any objections and protests, if any, which may be raised by any property owner liable to be assessed for the cost of such sidewalk repair and any other interested persons. The hearing will be held as follows: DATE: PLACE: February 14, 1989 City Council Chambers City Hall 1685 Main Street Santa Monica, California 7:30 P.M. TIME: Any protests or objections must be in writing and must be filed with the City Clerk on or before the time set for the hearing. Upon confirmation of the report of the Superintendent of Streets, as provided for in streets and Highways Code section 5618, the cost of the sidewalk repair will be assessed against your property, and you will be notified of the manner of payment. The City will provide financial assistance for low-to-moderate income persons. If your income is less than $19,900 for a family of one person, $22,700 for two persons, $25,550 for three persons or $28,400 for four persons, call 458-8701 for information on this program. Very truly yours, stanley E. Scholl Superintendent of streets STREET SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT REPAIR OF DAMAGED SIDEWALKS, DRIVEWAYS, CURBS AND/OR REMOVAL OF OBSTRUCTIONS, PERFORMED UNDER PROVISIONS OF DIVISION 7, CHAPTER 22, SECTIONS 5600 TO 56301 OF THE STREETS AND HIGHWAYS CODE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA (SR-89-l22/l23) Pursuant to the provisions of Division 7, Chapter 22, sections 5600 of 5630, of the Streets and Highways Code of the State of California, the following work was caused to be done by the Street superintendent: The removal and replacement of 1,355 square feet of sidewalk at $4 per square foot; The removal and replace of 80 square feet of sidewalk in driveway at $5 per square foot; The removal and replacement of 56 square feet of driveway apron at $5 per square foot; The removal and replacement of 14 linear feet of curbing at $10 per linear foot. The total cost of the above work was $6,240. The total proposed assessment for the above sidewalk and curb damage is $3,120 or 50 percent of the total cost. The other 50 percent of the cost is being paid by the City as the above repairs were caused by tree root damage. Reference is made to the attached sheets for a description of the real property in front of which the work has been done 1 the proposed assessment against each property, and a description of the work done in front of each property. street Superintendent Filed with the City Clerk this day of , 1989. City Clerk NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 Sidewalk Repair SR-B9-122/123 Barbara H. sisto 1136 Yale street Santa Monica, CA 90403 1136 Yale 3000 Lot 25, Block 9 100.00 50.00 Remove/replace 25 sq. ft. sidewalk Helen D. Shafer 820 Yale street Santa Monica, CA 90403 820 Yale Street 3000 Lot 8, Block 12 500.00 250.00 Remove/replace 125 sq. ft. sidewalk Jermey & Pauline Ward 817 Yale Street Santa Monica, CA 90403 817 Yale 3000 Lot 27, Block 12 100.00 50.00 Remove/replace 25 sq. ft. sidewalk Reynold & Bette Paris 424 pico Boulevard Santa Monica, CA 90405 1017 Yale Street 27 Lot 32, Block 10 100.00 50.00 Remove/replace 25 sq. ft. sidewalk NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET !>1AIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 Sidewalk Repair SR-89-122/123 Edith Lessing TR 925 Yale Street Santa Monica, CA 90403 925 Yale 3000 Lot 42, Block 11 400.00 200.00 Remove/replace 100 sq. ft. sidewalk John & Patricia JakIe 901 Yale Street Santa Monica, CA 90403 901 Yale Street 3000 Lot 37, Block 11 200.00 100.00 Remove/replace 50 sq. ft. sidewalk Zelda cordery 1040 Yale Street Santa Monica, CA 90403 1040 Yale Street 3000 Lot 12, Block 10 500.00 250.00 Remove/replace 125 sq. ft. sidewalk Vernon & Margaret Dahl 863 Yale Street Santa Monica, CA 90403 863 Yale Street 3000 Lot 36, Block 12 160.00 80.00 Remove/replace 40 sq. ft. sidewalk NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COST1 WORK-DONE-1 WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME- 2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 Sidewalk Repair SR-89-122/123 John & Garnet Hopkins 1021 Yale Street Santa Monica, CA 90403 1021 Yale Street 27 Lot 31, Block 10 100.00 50.00 Remove/replace 25 sq. ft. sidewalk Stanley & Marsha Wachler 823 Yale street Santa Monica, CA 90403 823 Yale Street 3000 Lot 28, Block 12 100.00 50.00 Remove/replace 25 sq. ft. sidewalk John & Dorothy sturges 839 Yale street Santa Monica, CA 90403 839 Yale street 3000 Lot 31, Block 12 300.00 150.00 Remove/replace 75 sq. ft. sidewalk Dorothy M. Vonhuben 833 Yale Street Santa Monica, CA 90403 833 Yale 3000 Lot 30, Block 12 200.00 100.00 Remove/replace 50 sq. ft. sidewalk sidewalk Repair SR-89-122/123 NAME william & Ann Pebbles NAME-2 MAIL-STREET 843 Yale Street MAIL-CITY-STATE Santa Monica, CA 90403 SITE-STREET 843 Yale TRACT 3000 LOT-&-BLOCK Lot 32, Block 14 TOTAL-COST 240.00 ASMNT-COST1 120.00 WORK-DONE-l Remove/replace 60 sq. ft. sidewalk WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET l-iAIL-CITY -STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COST1 WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORl{-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 Richard Granillo & Betty Meza 850 Yale Street Santa Monica, CA 90403 850 Yale street 3000 Lot 14, Block 14 150.00 75.00 Remove/replace 30 sq. ft. sidewalk in driveway Emma C. Tagliente 1125 Yale Santa Monica, CA 90403 1125 Yale Fairmont Villas Lot 18, Block 9 160.00 80.00 Remove/replace 40 sq. ft. sidewalk John & Sue Power 1880 Century Park East Los Angeles, CA 90067 960 Yale 3000 Lot 52, Block 11 1070.00 535.00 Remove/replace Remove/replace Remove/replace Remove/replace 100 sq. ft. sidewalk 50 sq. ft. sidewalk in driveway 56 sq. ft. driveway apron 14 In. ft. curbing NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-1 WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COST1 WORK-DONE-1 WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 Sidewalk Repair SR-89-122/123 Kathy Jo Unger & Allison Berry 1120 Yale street Santa Monica, CA 90403 1120 Yale 3000 Lot 22, Block 9 100.00 50.00 Remove/replace 25 sq. ft. sidewalk Pauline K. Oliver 1129 Yale street Santa Monica, CA 90403 1129 Yale Fairmont Villas Lot 18, Block 9 100.00 50.00 Remove/replace 25 sq. ft. sidewalk Donald H. stein 1061 Yale Santa Monica, CA 90403 1061 Yale 3000 Lot 24, Block 10 100.00 50.00 Remove/replace 25 sq. ft. sidewalk Mary R. Dulgarian 1057 Yale Santa Monica, CA 90403 1057 Yale 3000 Lot 23, Block 10 160.00 80.00 Remove/replace 40 sq. ft. sidewalk NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-1 WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-1 WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COST1 WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 Sidewalk Repair SR-89-122/123 Myung Soak Yoon 1053 Yale Santa Monica, CA 90403 1053 Yale 3000 Lots 22 & 23, Block 10 100.00 50.00 Remove/replace 25 sq. ft. sidewalk Daniel Marsh 1049 Yale Santa Monica, CA 90403 1049 Yale 3000 Lot 21, Block 10 100.00 50.00 Remove/replace 25 sq. ft. sidewalk Phillip Goldstein & Ruth Breitbart 4730 Woodman Avenue Sherman oaksl CA 91423 1145 Yale Fairmont villas Lot 19, Block 9 100.00 50.00 Remove/replace 25 sq. ft. sidewalk Richard & Christene Ries 860 Yale Santa Monica, CA 90403 860 Yale 3000 Lot 16, Block 12 100.00 50.00 Remove/replace 25 sq. ft. sidewalk NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 NAME NAME-2 MAIL-STREET MAIL-CITY-STATE SITE-STREET TRACT LOT-&-BLOCK TOTAL-COST ASMNT-COSTl WORK-DONE-l WORK-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 Sidewalk Repair SR-89-122/123 stuart Waks 859 Yale Santa Monica, CA 90403 859 Yale 3000 Lot 35, Block 12 200.00 100.00 Remove/replace 50 sq. ft. sidewalk Geraldine & Louis DeBeaumont 10537 Santa Monica Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90025 2901 Wilshire Blvd. Fairrnont Villas Lot 20, Block 9 300.00 150.00 Remove/replace 75 sq. ft. sidewalk Nancy & Charlie Yen 902 2nd street Santa Monica, CA 90403 853 Yale 3000 Lot 34, Block 12 200.00 100.00 Remove/replace 50 sq. ft. sidewalk Gretchen E. Rine 846 Yale Santa Monica, CA 90403 846 Yale 3000 Lot 13, Block 12 100.00 50.00 Remove/replace 25 sq. ft. sidewalk sidewalk Repair SR-89-122/123 NAME Nancy L. Lamprose NAME-2 MAIL-STREET 2220 Knightbridge Pl. MAIL-CITY-STATE Oxnard, CA 93030 SITE-STREET 849 Yale TRACT 3000 LOT-&-BLOCK Lot 33, Block 12 TOTAL-COST 200.00 ASMNT-COSTl 100.00 WORK-DONE-l Remove/replace 50 sq. ft. sidewalk WOR!{-DONE-2 WORK-DONE-3 WORK-DONE-4 BEFORE DISTRIBUTION CHECK CONTENT OF DISTR"!:BUTION OF RESOLUTION * 77(, ~ CO'...lncll Meetlng Date <~fl';//17 AgE-'nda Item ~ 7~ A- Was lt amended? 1J16 ALL FOR CITY CLERKtS ACTION ORDINANCE f Introduced: Adopted: ALWAYS PUBLISH ADOPTED ORDINANCES Cross out Attorneyts approval \ VOTE: Afflrmatlve: ~7 -c/ Negatlve: Abstaln: Absent: PROOF VOTES WITH ANOTHER PERSON BEFORE ANYTHING DISTRIBUTION: ORIGINAL to he slgned, sealed and flled ln Vault. NEWSPAPER PUBLICATION (Date: Department orlglnatlng staff report( Laurle Lleberman) Ordlnances only for Attorney ( Claudla Thompson) 2 Management Servlces Lynne Barrette ORDINANCES ONLY 1 Agenc~ mentloned In document or staff report (certlfled?) SubJect flle (agenda packet) 1 Counter fll.e 1 Others: (Revlew Alrport Aud1torlum for departments who need to know). Park1ng Auth. Personnel BUlld1ng Dept. C/ED General Servo Llbrary Manager F1re / Plann1ng Police Purchasing Recr/Parks Transportatlon Treasurer Flnance SEND FOUR COPIES OF ALL ORDINANCES TO: CODED SYSTEMS 120 Maln Street Avon, New Jersey 07717 4 SEND FOUR COPIES OF ALL ORDINANCES TO: 4 Debra Myr1ck Santa Mon1ca Munlclpal Court 1725 Ma1n Street, Room 118 Santa Mon1ca, CA 90401 Total Caples y I ... ~ RESOLUTION NO. 7764(CCS) (CITY COUNCIL SERIES) A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA CONFIRMING THE REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STREETS REGARDING REPAIRS TO DAMAGED SIDEWALKS, DRIVEWAYS AND CURBS (SR-89-122/123 ) WHEREAS, the Superintendent of streets of the City of Santa Monica, pursuant to sections 5600-5630 of the streets and Highways Code, commenced proceedings to cause the repair of damaged sidewalks, driveways and curbs in the City of Santa Monica at 1136 Yale street, 820 Yale street, 817 Yale street, 1017 Yale street, 925 Yale street, 901 Yale street, 1040 Yale street, 863 Yale street, 1021 Yale street, 823 Yale street, 839 Yale street, 833 Yale street, 843 Yale Street, 850 Yale street, 1125 Yale street, 960 Yale street, 1120 Yale street, 1129 Yale Street, 1061 Yale Street, 1057 Yale Street, 1053 Yale Street, 1049 Yale Street, 1145 Yale Street, 860 Yale Street, 859 Yale street, 2901 Wilshire Boulevard, 853 Yale street, 846 Yale street, and 849 Yale Street, all within the City of Santa Monica; and WHEREAS, sixty days after said order was served, the work had not been completed by the owners or persons in possession of the affected properties, and the Superintendent of Streets caused the work to be done: and WHEREAS, the Superintendent of Streets gave notice as required by section 5616 of the Streets and Highways Code; and WHEREAS, the Superintendent of streets did file with the City Council of the city of Santa Monica a report of repairs and costs as required by Section 5617 of the Streets and Highways Code; and WHEREAS, upon the day and hour fixed for hearing by Resolution Number 7742 (CCS), the City Council of the City of Santa Monica heard and passed upon the report of the Superintendent of streets together with all Objections and protests as required by Section 5618 of the Streets and Highways Code, NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA DOES RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. The report of the heretofore filed and above-described be, confirmed. Superintendent of streets and the same hereby is, SECTION 2. All protests and obj ections of every kind and nature to the report of the Superintendent of streets be, and the same hereby are, overruled and denied. SECTION 3. The cost of the repairs, as set forth in the report of the Superintendent of streets, shall be assessed against the properties therein described, which properties front the sidewalk upon which the repairs were made. SECTION 4. If such assessment is not paid within the time permi tted by law, the same shall constitute a special assessment against and lien on the properties therein described in the amount set forth in the report of the Superintendent of Streets, which lien shall continue until the assessment and all interest thereon is paid or until it is discharged of record. SECTION 5. If the assessment is not paid within the time permitted by law, the Superintendent of Streets, in accordance with Section 5628 of the Streets and Highways Code, shall deliver a Notice of . Lien, prepared in the manner required by section 5626 of the streets and Highways Code, to the County Auditor who shall collect the assessment together with all other taxes against the property. SECTION 6. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution, and thenceforth and thereafter the same shall be in full force and effect. APPROVED AS TO FORM: ~Ms ~~ ROBERT M. MYERS city Attorney :c Adopted and approved this 14th day of February, 1989. G~ ) (~ , Mayor U I hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution No. 7764(CCS) was duly adopted by the City council of the City of Santa Monica at a meeting thereof held on February 14, 1989 by the following council vote: Ayes: Councilmembers: Abdo, Finkel, Genser, Jennings, Ka tz , Reed, Mayor Zane Noes: Counci1members: None Abstain: Councilmembers: None Absent: Councilmembers: None ATTEST: /? j~W1//~ ...-/ 1...;/ - C i t y ClJ!'rk ~-