SR-10-02-2012-8Ay" City Council Report
Santa monied
City Council Meeting: October 2, 2012
Agenda Item: 8A
To: Mayor and City Council
From: Karen Ginsberg, Director, Community and Cultural Services
Dean Kubani, Director, Office of Sustainability and the Environment
Subject: Naming of the Two New Santa Monica Civic Center Parks and
Botanical Garden Designation
Recommended Action
Staff recommends that the City Council:
1. Review recommendations from the public, City staff and relevant Commissions.
2. Select names for the new Civic Center parks currently known as Palisades
Garden Walk and Town Square,
3. Designate the park currently known as Palisades Garden Walk as a Botanical
Garden.
Executive Summary
The Civic Center parks currently known as Palisades Garden Walk and Town Square
are now under construction and in need of permanent names. During the design
process, the community suggested and voted on possible names for both parks, which
helped narrow the list of possibilities but led to no clear recommendation. As called for
in the i�� Council "s policy for naming City -owned land, buildings and facilities, the
Recreation and Parks Commission and the Landmarks Commission were asked to take
public testimony and make recommendations. Both Commissions found consensus
around the name "Ken Genser Square" for the Town Square site and "Santa Monica
Commons" for the Palisades Garden Walk site with the additional recommendation that
the area of Palisades Garden Walk currently known as "Observation Hill" be renamed
"Tongva Hill" and that an appropriate area of the park be identified in honor of the
Belmar Triangle Neighborhood. This report details each phase of the naming process
and provides a summary of historic information that may inform the Council's decision
making.
On 2e�_ember 13, 20 11,, the City Council approved an exemption to the City's Green
Building Ordinance Subpart B landscape and irrigation regulations for "registered local,
state or federal historical sites and plant collections as part of botanical gardens." As a
designated local landmark, the exterior of City Hall, also known as Town Square, is
exempt. Palisades Garden Walk meets the definition of a botanical garden as its design
emphasizes native, locally adapted and extraordinary plantings. The need for exemption
for Palisades Garden Walk from the City's water system regulations is explained in
detail below.
Background
The City Council adopted a policy for naming City -owned land, buildings and facilities
on J� _x__200) which established formal guidelines and a procedure for considering
appropriate names (see Attachment A for summary of guidelines). As specified in this
policy naming suggestions "may be submitted by the public, City staff and related
advisory bodies."
Public Input during Community Workshops and On -Line Surveys
On A ri ?.,_ 3, 2010, Council awarded a design contract to James Corner Field Operations
(JCFO) for the design of Palisades Garden Walk. The JCFO team worked with staff to
organize a series of well- attended community workshops. On November 13, 2010,
approximately 130 community members attended the third community workshop. The
Schematic Design of a revised "The Arroyo Wash" was reviewed and a survey was
distributed and posted on -line for one month. Question number 4 on the survey
solicited ideas for park names which in turn produced a long list of potential names (see
Attachment B). There was not much consensus when it came to names. Many felt that
"Palisades" should be reserved for Palisades Park. The words "Arroyo ", "Ocean" and
"Gardens" were often used and there were a number of suggestions for naming the park
after Arcadia Bandini Sterns deBaker, the great benefactress of Santa Monica (see
Attachment D).
The fourth community workshop was held on February 26, 2011, and 80 people
attended. Following a presentation of design development renderings and plans,
participants joined break -out groups. Each breakout group was asked to consider the
2
list of suggested park names gathered to date and either pick a recommendation from
the list or suggest a different name as a group. Most groups failed to agree on a
recommended name. The few groups who reported recommendations had differing
suggestions. One group favored "Moomat Ahiiko ", another favored names that included
"Santa Monica" or "Central' but not "Arroyo' or "Walk ". Another group recommended
"Civic Square" and "The Arroyo', another liked "Central Park" and "Community Square"
and "Arroyo Park" or "Palisades Garden Walk." One group worried that using "Arcadia"
in the name might be lead to confusion with the City of Arcadia.
At the end of the fourth community workshop survey forms were again distributed. The
survey was posted on -line and remained open for one month. One hundred twenty one
surveys were completed, 91 community members selected up to three top names from
a long list of suggestions (see Attachment C). In racked order, top votes went to "Civic
Ocean Park," "Arcadia Park," "Palisades Garden Walk," "Santa Monica Garden Park,"
"Arroyo Park," "Arroyo Gardens," "Ocean Garden Walk," and "Santa Monica Central
Park."
Discussion
Staff Suggestions
The project team of City staff from Community and Cultural Services, Public Works, and
Planning and Community Development along with designers from JCFO, discussed
naming options and after careful consideration agreed to recommend to the City Council
the name "Santa Monica Arroyo Park" for the following reasons. The project team felt
that "Santa Monica" establishes the location; "Arroyo' reinforces the basis for the design
and final form of the space and "Park" speaks to the multiple uses of the space, as
opposed to the terms "Garden" or "Walk' which suggest a purely passive use. The
project team did not develop recommendations for the Town Square site, but discussed
the possibility of naming "Gathering Hill' in honor of Ken Genser, or that the Ficus grove
in "Garden Hill' area be named " Genser Grove."
3
Input from Related Commissions
On JE.iIv 21 211, and J
Lanuary 10. 2012, the Recreation and Parks Commission took
public testimony, reviewed public input to date, and considered the project team
recommendations. The Commission unanimously recommended to the City Council that
the area in front of City Hall currently known as Town Square be named "Ken Genser
Square." The Commission also unanimously recommended to the City Council that the
area currently known as Palisades Garden Walk be named "Santa Monica Commons"
and further recommended that in recognition of the historical significance of the land
and history of the community, that the area currently known as "Observation Hill" be
renamed "Tongva Hill" and that an appropriate area of the park be identified in honor of
the Belmar Triangle Neighborhood (Attachments E and F). Subsequent to their action,
the Commission learned that the affordable housing component of The Village will be
called the Belmar Apartments.
The Landmarks Commission during its meeting on March 12, 2012, took public
testimony, reviewed public input to date, and voted to support the recommendations
made by the Recreation and Parks Commission.
Botanical Garden Designation
As described by JCFO, the park currently known as Palisades Garden Walk features,
"native and locally adapted plants that work with hill topography for maximum display,"
with "dramatic seasonal changes" and "bold and unique forms and shapes, showcasing
extraordinary plants." Due to the planned use of high sodium SMURRF water in the
garden, the installation of a subsurface drip irrigation system that would meet the City's
irrigation ordinance requirements was not recommended by JCFO due to the strong
possibility that drip irrigation would result in excessive salt accumulation in the soil and
would damage the plants. JCFO and the City's Public Landscape Division in
consultation with the Office of Sustainability and the Environment recommended an
alternative irrigation system that does not conform to the City's landscape, irrigation and
water system ordinance.
9
The ordinance however includes a specific exemption for registered local, state or
federal historical sites and plant collections as part of botanical gardens and arboretums
open to the public. Staff believes that there is ample justification for Palisades Garden
Walk to be designated a botanical garden because it meets generally accepted criteria
for botanical gardens: it is open to the public, its gardens function as an aesthetic and
educational display; the garden is tended by professional staff; and garden visitors can
identify plants through on -line or printed guides. Therefore it is recommended that the
Council formally designate the Park as a botanical garden. Although the alternative
irrigation system does not conform to the City's ordinance requirements, proper
operation and maintenance of this alternative irrigation system will ensure that water
use at the park will not exceed levels that would be met by a sub - surface drip irrigation
system that complies with the ordinance.
Financial Impacts & Budget Actions
There is no budgetary impact to this policy decision. The cost to incorporate the
permanent park names into the new park signage was included in W.E. O'Neil
Construction Company's contract to design and build these new parks.
Prepared by: Julie Silliman, Community and Cultural Services
Russell Ackerman, Office of Sustainability and the Environment
Approved:
Dean Kubani
Director, Office of Sustainability and the
Environment
5
Forwarded to Council:
Rod Gould
City Manager
Attachment A:
Attachment B:
Attachment C:
Attachment D:
Attachment E:
Attachment F:
Summary of Naming Guidelines
Third Community Workshop Survey
Fourth Community Workshop Survey
About Arcadia Bandini Stearns de Baker
About the Tongva People
About the Belmar Triangle
0
Attachment A
Summary of Naming Guidelines
Adopted July 9, 2002
In naming public land and buildings, the City Council and its advisory bodies shall consider the
following:
• Incorporating "Santa Monica" in the name where it is important for civic or other reasons
for a building or facility to be identified with the City;
• Recognizing geographic, topographic or historical features or events associated with
Santa Monica;
• Commemorating persons who have served the City in an exceptional manner;
• Commemorating persons who have served the state, nation, or world in an exceptional
manner and who have an association with the City;
• Commemorating persons who have served the state, nation, or world in an exceptional
or distinguished manner where the contribution is of such major significance that a local
association pales in importance;
• Commemorating individuals or organizations who have made important donations of
land, funds or materials, equipment and /or facilities; and
• Avoiding recognition of those whose contribution has been appropriately recognized in
other city venues or by other means.
The City Council will not name any buildings, land or facilities after current office holders.
Attachment C
Fourth Community Workshop Survey — February 26, 2011
A survey was distributed during the Design Development — Fourth Community
Workshop. 46 community members completed the survey at the workshop. The survey
was then posted on -line for one month, linked to the project web page, included in e-
blasts, periodically posted on the main City web and intranet pages, and included in
Facebook ads. 121 surveys were completed. 91 participants filled out Question No. 4
on park names.
QUESTION NCB. 4. PARK NAMES o Many nRrnes have been sr.tbmitted for our new Civic
Center arks. Which of the following most common suggestions are most appropriate (select
up to three)?
PALISADES GARDEN PARK
A. Arcadia Bandini Park
Civic Ocean Park
0. Linda Vista
Arcadia Park
B. Arcadia Bandini Wash
Palisades Garden Walk
R. Ocean Garden Park
Santa Monica Garden Park
C. Arcadia Park
Arroyo Park
S. Ocean Garden Walk
Arroyo Gardens
D. Arcadia 'Wash
Ocean Garden Walk
T. Palisades Garden
Santa Monica Central Park
E. Arroyo Garden Park
U. Palisades Garden Wall<
F. Arroyo Garden Walk
V. Ocean Arroyo Park
G. Arroyo Gardens
W. Santa.. Monica Arroyo Park
H. Arroyo Gardens Park
X. Santa Monica Center
I. Arroyo Park
Y. Santa Monica Central Park
J. Arroyo Walk
Z. Santa Monica Eden
K. ,Arroyo Wash
AA, Santa Monica garden Park
L. Bandini Park
BB, Sonia Monica Park
kl1 Bayside Eden
CC. The Arroyo
N. Canopy Park
DD, The Center
O; Civic Ocean Park
EE. The Heart
P. Civic Pacific Park
QUESTION NO. 4 RESULTS FOR PALISADES GARDEN WALK
0
# of votes
Civic Ocean Park
15
Arcadia Park
13
Palisades Garden Walk
13
Santa Monica Garden Park
13
Arroyo Park
12
Arroyo Gardens
12
Ocean Garden Walk
12
Santa Monica Central Park
12
0
Key facts
• 1888 Arcadia and Jones deeded extensive land to the U.S. Government to
establish a National Home for Disabled Veterans —known today as the Veteran'
Administration.
• 1891 They donated Palisades Park to the City of Santa Monica.
• Near the turn of the century Arcadia donated land in Santa Monica Canyon to
establish the nation's first experimental forestry station managed by Abbott
Kinney.
• Arcadia donated land to churches (Presbyterian and St. Augustine by the Sea),
schools and clubs (Bay City Women's Club)
Arcadia was an astute businesswoman and a gracious hostess at her salons in her
Ocean Avenue home. Arcadia never spoke English but conducted all business and
social conversations in perfect Castillian Spanish. An interpreter was always present
and during her first marriage it was often Abel Stearns.
11
Regarding the latter, one of the padres noted in his diary that the group found a Tongva
spring (where University High School is today). They re -named it "Spring of Saint
Monica" to recall the tears that St. Monica shed for her reckless son, Augustine. This
spring remains holy to the Natives Americans in the area.
As recorded in his diary, Crespi actually named the place San Gregorio. What is known
for certain is that by the 1820s, the name Santa Monica was in use and its first official
mention occurred in 1827 in the form of a grazing permit.
Map from the Gabrieiino/Tongva Tribe of the Los Angeles Basin
This image was described as "Slum clearance preparation for the Civic Center project
photographed by Clyde V. Fitzgerald, Sanitation Inspector. 6
Proposed design of the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium by Fred Barrienbrock, architect
[n.d] 7
15
Attachment A
Summary of Naming Guidelines
Adopted July 9, 2002
In naming public land and buildings, the City Council and its advisory bodies shall consider the
following:
• Incorporating "Santa Monica" in the name where it is important for civic or other reasons
for a building or facility to be identified with the City;
• Hocognizing geographic, topographic or historical features or events associated with
Santa Monica;
• Commemorating persons who have served the City in an exceptional manner;
• Commemorating persons who have served the state, nation, or world in an exceptional
manner and who have an association with the City;
• Commemorating persons who have served the state, nation, or world in an exceptional
or distinguished manner where the contribution is of such major significance that a local
association pales in importance;
• Commemorating individuals or organizations who have made important donations of
land, funds or materials, equipment and /or facilities; and
• Avoiding recognition of those whose contribution has been appropriately recognized in
other city venues or by other means.
The City Council will not name any buildings, land or facilities after current office holders.
7
Attachment B
Third Community Workshop Survey — November 13, 2010
During the Third Community Workshop a survey was distributed to those in attendance.
The survey was also posted on -line for a period of one month. The survey was
included on the project web site, included in e- blasts, and periodically posted on the
City's main web page and in on the City intranet page.
QUESTION NO, 4. During the initial planning process that resulted in the Civic Center
Specific Plan, the two parks we are currently planning were identified as "Palisades
Garden Walk" and the "Town Square." The name, "Palisades Garden Walk," was
selected to convey the concept that the user's experience in this park should be similar
to and an extension of the type of experience in Palisades Park — one of discovery as
one walks on pathways from one area to another. The name "Town Square" was
intended to convey the democratic and civic nature of that space in front of City Hall.
Since that time, the City Council has asked that the community be involved in finalizing
the names for these two new parks. What are your ideas?
QUESTION NO. 4. RESULTS
109 surveys were completed. 69 participants responded to Question No. 4. A long list
of names was suggested. These were the basis for the more specific naming question
included in the fourth Community Workshop survey (see Attachment D).
For "Palisades Garden Walk," in general:
Arroyo was included in 15 suggestions
Arcadia or Bandini was used in 8 suggestions
Ocean was used in 7 suggestions
Gardens was used in 7 suggestions
3
Attachment C
Fourth Community Workshop Survey — February 26, 2011
A survey was distributed during the Design Development — Fourth Community
Workshop. 46 community members completed the survey at the workshop. The survey
was then posted on -line for one month, linked to the project web page, included in e-
blasts, periodically posted on the main City web and intranet pages, and included in
Facebook ads. 121 surveys were completed. 91 participants filled out Question No. 4
on park names.
QUESTION NO. 4. PARK NAMES .d Many names have been submitted for our new Civic
Center parks. Which of the following most common suggestions are most appropriate (select
up to three)?
PALISADES GARDEN PARK
A. Arcadia Bandini Park
Civic Ocean Park
Q. Linda Vista
Arcadia Park
B. Arcadia Bandini Wash
Palisades Garden Walk
R. Ocean Garden Park
Santa Monica Garden Park
C. Arcadia Park
Arroyo Park
S. Ocean Garden Walk
Arroyo Gardens
D. Arcadia Wash
Ocean Garden Walk
T. Palisades Garden
Santa Monica Central Park
E. Arroyo Garden Park
U. Palisades Garden Walk
F. Arroyo Garden Walk
V. Ocean Arroyo Park
G. Arroyo Gardens
W. Santa Monica Arroyo Park
H. Arroyo Gardens Park
X. Santa Monica Center
I. Arroyo Park
Y. Santa Monica Central Park
J. Arroyo Walk
Z. Santa Monica Eden
K. Arroyo Wash
AA. Santa Monica Garden Park
L. Bandini Park
BB. Santa Monica Park
M. Bayside Eden
CC. The Arroyo
N. Canopy Park
DD. The Center
O: Civic Ocean Park
EE. The Heart
P. Civic Pacific Park
# of votes
Civic Ocean Park
15
Arcadia Park
13
Palisades Garden Walk
13
Santa Monica Garden Park
13
Arroyo Park
12
Arroyo Gardens
12
Ocean Garden Walk
12
Santa Monica Central Park
12
E uM. iTiT�iii ;
About Arcadia Bandini Stearns deBaker
Arcadia was born into the Bandini Family, one of the most prominent of "Californio "*
families, Her father, Juan, was known as the first citizen of San Diego. The Bandini
ranchland holdings spread out from San Diego through the counties of San Diego and
Riverside to the mountains of San Bernardino County. The Bandini home, Casa de
Bandini, was the social center of San Diego.
Her life spanned the decades of the Mexican Rancho days, the U.S. and Mexican War,
the Gold Rush, the growth of Los Angeles from a dusty pueblo taking its' first steps
toward becoming a major city and she was considered the "Godmother of Santa
Monica" as her vision shaped much of the physical beauty of this seaside community.
Arcadia was the eldest of three daughters (praised for their beauty and gentleness) born
to Juan and his wife, Dolores. Juan and Dolores had five children (two sons) and after
Dolores died Juan married Refugio Arguelles and three more sons were added to the
family. Arcadia would become the Matriarch of a large family.
At age 15 Arcadia was married to Abel Stearns 43, a business partner of Juan Bandini
and one of the wealthiest men in California. It was an arranged marriage merging great
wealth and vast land holdings. The Stearns moved into Abel's mansion in the Pueblo
de Los Angeles. It was called El Palacio and was the grandest mansion in the Pueblo.
The commercial life of Los Angeles revolved around Abel Stearns. Understanding the
importance of a port he established a stagecoach line from Los Angeles to San Pedro
and built a large warehouse there called La Casa de San Pedro. By the 1860's Stearns
was considered the wealthiest man in California. Abel died suddenly in 1871 leaving
Arcadia widowed and enormously wealthy.
In 1874 Arcadia married Col. Robert Symington Baker who had recently purchased the
Sepulveda Ranch property (some 36,000 acres for $ 54,000). Baker and his business
partner, Senator John Percival Jones, intended to establish the Port of Los Angeles on
the Pacific Coast on the land known as Santa Monica. In 1875, having built a wharf and
railroad, they auctioned off lots and founded the community of Santa Monica. The
railroad failed but Santa Monica became a resort and the Bakers built a home on Ocean
Avenue. Arcadia would remain in that home the rest of her life. Baker sold all his land
holdings to his wife in 1877 and Arcadia and Senator Jones formed the Santa Monica
Land and Water Company that developed most of West Los Angeles. Arcadia was
widowed again when Baker died in 1894. Arcadia lived on until 1912 and became the
great benefactress of Santa Monica. 2000 people attended her funeral at St. Vibiana's
Cathedral. When she died Arcadia left an Estate valued between 8 and 16 million
dollars. She left no will and there was a famous court battle over her estate which was
the largest ever probated in California.
10
Key facts
® 1888 Arcadia and Jones deeded extensive land to the U.S. Government to
establish a National Home for Disabled Veterans —known today as the Veteran'
Administration.
® 1891 They donated Palisades Park to the City of Santa Monica.
® Near the turn of the century Arcadia donated land in Santa Monica Canyon to
establish the nation's first experimental forestry station managed by Abbott
Kinney.
® Arcadia donated land to churches (Presbyterian and St. Augustine by the Sea),
schools and clubs (Bay City Women's Club)
Arcadia was an astute businesswoman and a gracious hostess at her salons in her
Ocean Avenue home. Arcadia never spoke English but conducted all business and
social conversations in perfect Castillian Spanish. An interpreter was always present
and during her first marriage it was often Abel Stearns.
11
AttachMent E
About the Tongva People
Excerpt from Wildoedia
,, �a.,
Tongva people, also referred to as the Gabrieleno (also Gabrielino, or San Gabriel
Band) or the Fernandeno (also Fernardino), are a historic Native American people who
have inhabited an area in present -day Los Angeles in Southern California, centered on
the San Gabriel Mountains area. Their Tongva language was a member of the Takic
group within the Uto- Aztecan linguistic phylum. It was extinct during the early 20th
century.
The name Gabrieleno is in reference to the Mission San Gabriel Arcangel set up by the
Spanish colonists in 1771. Similarly, the Spanish referred to both the Tongva in the San
Fernando Valley and the nearby Tataviam people, who spoke a different language, as
Fernandeno, after the Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana. The name Tongva was
first recorded as a self- designation of the inhabitants of the vicinity of Mission San
Gabriel at the beginning of the 20th century. There is no known self- designation from
times predating the 20th century.
While Gabrieleno (also Gabrielino) remains in use, the name Tongva has become
increasingly preferred as a self- designation since the 1990s. Since 2006, there have
been three organizations claiming to represent the Tongva: The Gabrielino - Tongva
Tribe (gabrielinotribe.org), also known as the "hyphen" group, the Gabrielino/Tongva
Nation Tribal Council (tongvatribe.net), also known as the "slash" group, and the
Gabrieleno/Tongva Tribal Council of San Gabriel (tongva.com). The three groups are
the result of a hostile split over the question of building a casino, The
Gabrieleno/Tongva Tribal Council of San Gabriel on their website give a translation of
Tongva as "people of the earth ".
. �
Pre - history - Santa Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica
was called Kecheek in the Tongva language.
1760s - The first Caucasian group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer
Gaspar de Portola, who camped near present day Wilshire Boulevard on August 3,
1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was
named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), while the
other says that it was named by Father Juan Crespf on account of a dripping spring, the
Serra Springs, that was reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's
early impiety.
12
Regarding the latter, one of the padres noted in his diary that the group found a Tongva
spring (where University High School is today). They re -named it "Spring of Saint
Monica" to recall the tears that St. Monica shed for her reckless son, Augustine. This
spring remains holy to the Natives Americans in the area.
As recorded in his diary, Crespi actually named the place San Gregorio. What is known
for certain is that by the 1820s, the name Santa Monica was in use and its first official
mention occurred in 1827 in the form of a grazing permit.
Map from the Gabrielino/Tonwa Tribe of the Los Angeles Basin
Attachment F
About Belmar Triangle
Information from Santa Monica Public Library resources
The name Belmar has long been associated with the area where the Santa Monica
Civic Auditorium is currently located.
References to "Belmar street" appear in The Dalty Outlookas early as 1909. This
advertisement places `Belmar street" near Trolleyway.1 Later notations in The Daily
Outlookshow a variation on the name of the street in an article outlining a special
ordinance brought by the Mayor and City Council to improve a portion of Fremont
Avenue, which is described in relation to Belmar Place.2
The 1915 -1916 Santa Monica City Directorzdescribes the location of Belmar Place as
north from Pico Blvd. between Main and T to the Pacific Electric railway passenger
station on Trolleyway. Five residents appear at 1803, 1821, 1825, and 1826. One
apartment building, La Bonita with furnished rooms, was located at 1811 Belmar. The
structures at 1801, 1817, 1820, 1824 and the rear of 1826 were vacant.3
By 1922, all of the structures on Belmar were occupied. 4 The number of residents rose
to 17 in 1930. 5 In 1940 on, The Elks Club was located at 1807 Belmar Place, dedicated
to African - American community members.
To draw tourists to Santa Monica, City government wanted to build a Civic Auditorium.
By 1958 construction began after demolition of the residential triangle on the southeast
corner between the diagonal Third Street/Main Street, Fourth Street, and Pico Blvd, that
included Belmar. Eminent Domain was invoked . to obtain this area for the civic project,
where African - American residents and a few businesses serving them were located.
The area was directly north of the Inkwell, designated the Black only beach in Santa
Monica.
14
This image was described as "Slum clearance preparation for the Civic Center project
photographed by Clyde V. Fitzgerald, Sanitation Inspector. 6
Proposed design of the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium by Fred Barrienbrock, architect
[n.d] 7
15
Notes
1. The Daily Outlook, April 20 1909, p.1 [Digital Santa Monica Outlook Newspaper October 1875 -
May 1920] http: / /digital.smpi.org /cdm4 /search.php
2. The Daily Outlook, February 7, 1912, p.3 [Digital Santa Monica Outlook Newspaper October
1875 -May 1920] http: / /digital.smpi.org cdm4 /searcli, hp
3. The Santa Monica City Directory, 1915 -16, p. 336.
4. The Santa Monica City Directory, 1921 -22, p. 533.
5. The Santa Monica City Directory, 1930, p. 534.
6. Santa Monica Public Library Image Archives — "Burning a derelict house on Belmar Place
between Main and Third Streets, north of Pico, on July 1, 1953
7. Santa Monica Public Library Image Archives -N370 [n.d.]
Resources consulted
California Studies BLOG "Frank Gruber to give talk at Santa Monica History Museum on
the history and fate of the Belmar Triangle, Feb. 20," February 17, 2011, retrieved
March 10, 2012.
http;// californiastudiesblo owordpress.coiTl
Historic Resources Technical Report Santa Monica Civic Center Specific Plan: Historic
Resources Survey, Evaluation ad Analysis of Project Impacts. Prepared by PCR
Services Corporation, March 2004.
King, Lincoln. Santa Monica city directory. S.& K. Publications.
Santa Monica Public Library Image Archives
http: / /digital.sm
Santa Monica Outlook Newspaper October 1$75 —May 1920
http:/ /digital.sm l.or /index.php
Santa Monica Mirror, "Santa Monica historian to present talk on destroyed Belmar
Triangle tonight," Oct 2, 2011, retrieved March 10, 2012.
htt :/p /www.smmirroi com7 #mode =picks
LookOut News, "Frank Gruber to shed light on Belmar Triangle.
LookOut columns, "Bad news then and now."
16